Objective Comparing the rejection status between different sources of kidney and immunosuppressive therapy of renal transplantation,to find the effective monitoring of rejection.Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records.Results There was no statistical difference in the rejection rates of kidney transplantation after 1 year between different sources of kidney and immunosuppressive therapy(P>0.05).Blood pressure and body temperature can effectively monitor rejection.Conclusion To reduce the rejection rates of kidney transplantation,a good monitoring and nursing are necessary.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients aged 70 years and over.Methods Clinical data of 109 cases who had acute lower extremity DVT and had been treated with CDT from March 2011 to September 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) were implanted in 109 patients.A thrombolytic catheter was inserted from the contralateral femoral vein (21 cases),ipsilateral popliteal vein (44 cases),posterior tibial vein (28 cases) or small saphenous vein (16 cases).The duration of thrombolysis was (5.47±2.13) d.The dosage of urokinase was (3.80 ± 0.56) million units.Forty-two cases underwent balloon dilatation alone,and 67 cases combined balloon dilatation with stent implantation.Gingival bleeding occurred in 7 patients and gross hematuria occurred in 4 patients during thrombolysis,which disappeared after medication adjustment.No symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) or other serious complications were found in any patients.There were significant differences in the venous patency score and lower limb circumferences at 10 cm above and below the knee one week after treatment (t=3.874,P=0.031).Ninety-seven cases were followed up for a mean period of (20.76.5) months,and the vein patencyrate was (77.9± 10.5) ％ and (73.1±9.4) ％ at 6 and 18 months after treatment,respectively.Recurrence of deep vein thrombosis was found in 6 cases,of which 2 cases had recurrent stent thrombosis,and treatment with CDT again was successful.No severe deep venous thrombosis syndrome (PTS) was found during the follow-up.Conclusions CDT is a minimally invasive procedure and can rapidly resolve limb venous drainage disorders.CDT is safe,has few complications and usually generates satisfactory outcomes.For very-old elderly patients who have no anticoagulation and thrombolytic contraindications,CDT is a useful option for the treatment of acute lower limb DVT.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of behavioral nursing on patients with atherosclerotic stenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 112 patients with atherosclerotic stenosis treated in our hospital were selected.According to ramdom number table and parallel control analysis method, they were randomly and equally divided into routine nursing group and behavioral nursing group (received more active behavioral nursing based on routine nursing group), both groups were treated and observed for six months.The self-care ability scale score before and after nursing, incidence of complications and quality of life (QOL) score after six months were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with before nursing care, after six-month nursing, self-care ability scores significantly rose in both groups, P<0.01 both;compared with routine nursing group after six months, there were significant rise in self-care ability score [(110.34±12.84) scores vs.(128.49±11.39) scores](P=0.001) and each dimension score of QOL(P=0.001 all), and significant reduction in incidence rate of complications (21.4% vs.7.1%,P=0.031) in behavioral nursing group.Conclusion: Behavioral nursing can improve self-care ability, quality of life, promote rehabilitation, effectively reduce occurrence of postoperative complications in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objective To study the mRNA expression of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and its regulation by exogenous interferon-α (IFN-α).Methods Twenty-eight CHC patients were recruited as case group and 14 healthy subjects were recruited as control group.APOBEC3G mRNA level (the ratio of APOBEC3G mRNA to housekeep geue 18s rRNA) in PBMC was determined by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR).APOBEC3G mRNA levels were also dynamically measured in CHC patients treated with pegylated interferon (IFN)-α 2a at week 0,2,4,12,24,36 and 48 of treatment,and the plasma levels of IFN-α were simultaneously detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The data were analyzed by t test and analysis of variance using SPSS 11.0 software.Results The level of APOBEC3G mRNA in PBMC of CHC patients before treatment was 1.60× 10-4 ± 1.35 × 10-4,which was significantly lower than healthy controls 6.20 × 10-4 ±1.30 × 10-4 (t=3.147,P=0.003).The expressions of APOBEC3G mRNA were upregulated at week 12,24,36 and 48 of IFN treatment,which were 5.69×10-3±1.61×10-2,1.01×10-2±2.15×10-2,2.01×10-2±3.75×10-2 and 2.45× 10-2 ±4.08× 10-2,respectively,and all higher than that of pretreatment (F=3.46,5.67,10.27 and 25.65,respectively; P=0.042,0.030,0.010 and 0,respectively).IFN-α level in plasma were increased with treatment and reached the plateau at week 2 of the treatment until the end of observation.Conclusion Hepatitis C virus infection may be one of the reasons of APOBEC3G downregulation.

Objective To compare the plasma hepatitis C virus(HCV)RNA levels detected by the fully automated viral load detection system(COBAS TaqMan)and the national real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)kit,and to investigate the clinical application value of these two methods in clinical practice.Methods A total of 168 serial plasma samples collected from 26 patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC)before and at week 2,4,12,24,36 and 48 of antiviral treatment were detected by both COBAS Taqman 48 analyzing system and the national real-time quantitative PCR kit.The results of two methods were compared by chi square test and t test.Resnlts Both COBAS and national kit showed great positive detecting results when HCV RNA≥1×104IU/mL(at week O),and the virus load value detected by national kit was significantly higher than that detected by COBAS(t=2.05,P<0.05).However,when HCV RNA<1×104(at week 2-48),the positive rate of HCV detected by COBAS was significantly higher than that detected by national kit (t=3.66,P<0.01).At week 4 of treatment,the rapid virological response(RVR)rate was 46.2 % (12/26)detected by COBAS,while that was 88.5%(23/26)detected by national kit,and the difference was significant(x2=10.575,P<0.01).At week 12 of treatment,the complete early virological response(cEVR)was 95.7%(22/23)detected by COBAS,while that was 100%(17/17)detected by national kit,and the difference was not significant(x2=0.726,P>0.05).Conclusions The national TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR kits could be used to screen the suspected cases of HCV infecrion and to diagnose CHC cases with high HCV virus load.COBAS detection is more sensitive in cases with low HCV virus load and in on-treatment monitor during anti-HCV therapy.

Objective To describe the MRI features of vanishing white matter disease (VWM).Methods Ten patients diagnosed as VWM between 2008-2013 were enrolled,with the mean age of(40 ±23)months.The clinical materials and MR images of them were reviewed retrospectively.The findings of MRI were analyzed by two experienced neuroradiologists in this study,including the location (cerebrum,cerebellum,brainstem,corpus callosum and internal/external capsule),size and signal intensity of the lesions,as well as the presence of cystic degeneration,cerebrum atrophy and the abnormal signal of the basal nuclei.Results MRI of brain typically showed extensive abnormal signal in the cerebral central white matter (10/10) and the focal lesion in subcortical white matter (9/10).The involvement of U-fibers was present in 7 cases.Cystic degeneration of the affected white matter was found in 7 cases.Abnormal signal also appeared in the white matter of posterior limb of the internal capsule (8/10),the external capsule (7/10),the inner rim (the callosal-septal interface) of the corpus callosum (8/10).The lesions of the thalamus and globus pallidus were detected in 2 cases.The white matter of the brainstem and cerebellum were involved in 6 and 7 cases respectively.Conclusion VWM typically shows a diffuse and symmetrical abnormal signal in the cerebral white matter with cystic degeneration on MRI,which is usually diagnostic.

Objective To detect the change of hepatitis C virus (HCV)RNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)and serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)during treatment with peg-interferon α-2a (Peg IFNα-2a)plus ribavirin (RBV),and to analyze the clinical significance of HCV RNA detection in PBMC.Methods The peripheral blood samples of 20 CHC patients who visited Department of Infectious Diseases in Guangzhou No.8 People′s Hospital from June 2013 to December 2014,were collected during treatment with Peg IFNα-2a+RBV at different time points (week 0,2,4, 12,24,36 and 48).Serum and PBMC were separated.Accurate fluorescence quantification assay (Cobas TaqMan real time polymerase chain reaction[PCR])was used to detect HCV RNA level in serum,while real-time PCR and nest-PCR were applied to detect HCV RNA in PBMC.Categorical data were analyzed byχ2 test.Results Accurate fluorescence quantification of serum HCV RNA showed that HCV RNA level decline rapidly after treatment (F = 148.06,P < 0.01 ),and 18 patients achieved HCV RNA undetectable at week 12 of treatment.The positive rate of nest-PCR was higher than real-time PCR (all P <0.01).Comparison of HCV RNA levels in serum and PBMC from 20 cases found that,the clearance rate of HCV RNA in PBMC was postponed.Two patients whose HCV RNA in PBMC kept detectable relapsed at week 24 after end of treatment.Conclusions HCV RNA can be detected in PBMC of CHC patients and the positive rate of nest-PCR is higher than real-time PCR.Antiviral therapy is effective on HCV both inside and outside PBMC,but the clearance rate of HCV RNA in PBMC is postponed compared with that in serum.Slow clearance of HCV in PBMC may be a risk factor for relapse after end of treatment.

Objective To study the relationship between APOBEC3G mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum hepatitis C viral RNA level in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Methods TaqMan real-time fluorescence relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify APOBEC3G mRNA levels in PBMC from 49 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 31 healthy subjects. The relationship between APOBEC3G mRNA level and hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load was analyzed. SPSS11. 0 statistics software was used for t test and regression analysis. Results APOBEC3G mRNA level in CHC patients [(1.5×10-5±1.9×10-5 ) copy/mL] was significantly lower than that [( 5. 2 × 10-5 ± 5. 5 × 10-5 ) copy/mL] in the healthy control subjects (t=-3.005, P＜0.01). While APOBEC3G mRNA level was not related with HCV viral loads (r=-0.082, P＞0.05). Conclusion HCV has an inhibitive effect on APOBEC3G expression, whereas APOBEC3G doesn't affect HCV replication directly in vivo.

With the continuous progress of diagnosis and treatment technology on knee osteoarthrosis,the concept of"stepwise treatment" and "keeping meniscus as much as possible" has been deeply rooted in people's minds.As an important anatomical structure for maintaining the annular tension of the medial meniscus of the knee,more and more attention has been paid to the posterior root.After the root tear of the medial meniscus,the annular tension loss,leading to the meniscus bearing load function partial or complete loss,and secondary knee medial space narrow,cartilage degeneration and genu varus deformity.In the treatment of root tear of the medial meniscus different scholars hold different views.The treatment of the medial meniscus posterior root tear of the knee is mainly conservative treatment and operative treatment,and the conservative treatment mainly includes non-steroidal drugs,functional exercise,physical therapy,and so on.The surgical treatment mainly included the medial meniscus partial resection of the medial meniscus under the arthroscope,the medial meniscus posterior root repair under the arthroscopy,and osteotomy with medial meniscus posterior root repair under the arthroscopy.Despite the short-term curative effect of conservative therapy and resection is satisfied,long-term follow-up has no obvious improvement with knee pain,function and activity levels,and causes secondary biomechanical change of knee.For patients of age ＜65,genu varus ＜5°,Outerbridge cartilage classification ＜ grade Ⅲ and grade of Kellgren-Lawrence ＜ level Ⅲ,the curative effect of medial meniscus posterior root repair under the arthroscopy is satisfied,with good healing rate,and can delay the process of osteoarthritis in certain degree.For patients with joint deformities (medial proximal tibial angle ＜ 85°/lateral distal femur angle ＞90°) genu varus ＞5°,osteotomy can effectively improve the clinical curative effect.However,whether to repair the medial meniscus posterior root together is still controversial.

Objective: To investigate electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and its influencing factors among junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into school-based tobacco control. Methods: Grade 1 to 3 junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District were recruited using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from September to December, 2021. The participants' demographic features, e-cigarette use and exposure to tobacco advertising were collected using the Chinese version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, and the factors affecting the intention to use e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: The 1 677 respondents included 875 boys (52.18%) and 802 girls (47.82%), and grade 1 to 3 junior high school students consisted of 33.93%, 35.00% and 31.07% of all respondents, respectively. There were 1 461 students that had heard of e-cigarettes (87.12%), 101 students with intention to use e-cigarettes (6.02%), and 24 current users (1.43%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified living in rural areas (OR=2.364, 95%CI: 1.442-3.875), having close friends that were smokers (OR=5.614, 95%CI: 3.404-9.258), having seen smoking via TV, video or movie in the past 30 days (OR=2.106, 95%CI: 1.259-3.523), having received free tobacco products (OR=3.887, 95%CI: 1.172-12.894), considering e-cigarettes as nicotine-free (OR=208.442, 95%CI: 55.713-779.856), and considering smoking making comfortable at party (OR=4.534, 95%CI: 1.853-11.090) as factors affecting intention to use e-cigarettes. There were 38.04% (638/1 677) of junior high school students with exposure to advertisements for e-cigarettes and related products, and stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, grocery, e-cigarette experience stores or offline retail stores were the primary places to contact e-cigarettes and related products. Conclusions The percentage of intention to use e-cigarettes was low among junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District in 2021, and their intention to use e-cigarettes was mainly affected by close friends' smoking status and personal recognition.