Objective To probe into cognition and behavior status of iatrogenic pollution protection in Operating Room ( OR) staff, in order to prevent and control occupational hazards, protect self and environment, and achieve the goal of nosocomial infection prevention. Methods A total of 105 OR staff members (52 nurses and 53 surgeons) working in a level three class A hospital in Beijing were selected by questionnaire method and investigate about the classification of medical waste and professional self-protection. SPSS 12. 0 was employed to analyze the results. Results The average score of the iatrogenic pollution preventive cognition for medical waste classification and behavior in OR staff was (78. 06 ± 13. 04), with surgeons (75. 45 ± 13. 47) and nurses (80. 71 ± 12. 47). The difference between two groups was statistically significant (t=2. 100,P<0. 05). Only 18. 1% OR staff members often or always wore protective equipment when staff members predicted secretion slopped and it was just 33. 3% of cognition rate about hospital standard protection contents. Conclusions OR staff should strengthen the knowledge of self protection; targeted courses should be carried out about hospital standard protection;bad behavior should be analyzed and explored carefully and corrected; occupational safety awareness should be enhanced and unsafe behavior should be changed.