To establish murine graft versus host disease (GVHD) model, in order to evaluate the efficacy of human CD40 Ig fusion protein treatment. To establish murine GVHD model, 2 5?10 7 or 5 0?10 7 /L spleen cells of male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected into female BALB/c mice, as receipt, respectively, after sub lethally irradiation by 60 Co source. After the induction of GVHD, human CD40 Ig fusion protein was intravenously injected three times at a dose of 50?g, 150?g and 450?g on day 0, 2 and 4, respectively. The results showed that the typical expressions of GVHD were observed 4 or 5 days after the injection of donor spleen cells, and specific male Y chromosome fragment was amplified by genomic PCR in female BALC/c receipts. The mean survival time (MST) of GVHD induced mice was significantly prolonged by the treatment of human CD40 Ig fusion protein. It is suggested that Murine GVHD model successfully established can be used in evaluating the effects of anti GVHD therapies.

To observe the state of balance between Th1/Th2 in children with asthma by assaying lymphocyte produced cytokines and the expression of CD30 membrane antigen on PBMC. The levels of IFN ?, IL 4 in PBMC and serum total IgE were determined by ELISA, the counting of the CD30 expressing cells was performed by flow cytometry. The results showed: (1)The level of IL 4 was increased significantly in patients with asthma attack compared with normal children ( P

Communities of bacteria wrapped in self-generated extracellular polymeric matrix and attached to a solid surface are known as biofilm. Biofilm formation and development can be divided into three stages: adhesion of cells to a surface, reproduction of the cells, and dispersion of cells. The procedure, which surface-attached biofilm disperses bacterial cells into the environment to colonize new sites, is defined as biofilm dispersal. Biofilm dispersal is an essential stage of biofilm life cycle. It plays an important role in the transmission of bacteria. For many pathogenic bacteria, biofilm dispersal can transform bacteria in biofilm into planktonic state and promote the spread of infection. The formation of biofilm may increase the resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agent and host defence response compared with planktonic cells. In the oral cavity, oral microorganism can attach to the surface of oral tissue and prosthesis to form biofilm. Dental caries and periodontal disease are oral chronic infections diseases of the oral tissue. The occurrence of them has a close relationship with biofilm. The mechanism of dispersal is a hot topic in recent years. Some agents which promote dispersal might be a therapeutic potential against biofilm infections. The clinical implication of dispersal agents and potential application are promising. This article reviews the dispersal-inducing agents of oral biofilms.
Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Dental Caries ; Humans

Objective To study the agreement of the two kinds of assessment for neurological development, the Qualitative Assessment of General Movements (GMs) and the 52 Items Neurological Assessment from Birth to 1 Year, in preterm infants during the early infantile period. Methods16 preterm infants with or without risk factors for brain injury were assessed with GMs and the 52 Items Neurological Assessment from Birth to 1 Year within 3 months after birth. ResultsFor the GMs, 11 infants were assessed as normal, 4 as poor repertoire (PR) and 1 as cramped synchronized (CS). For the 52 Items Neurological Assessment from Birth to 1 Year, 12 infants were normal, 4 were moderate abnormal. Kappa=0.709.ConclusionThe result of GMs agrees with that of 52 Items Neurological Assessment from Birth to 1 Year for preterm infants during the early infantile period.

Objecfive To investigate possibihty of monitoring myocardial isehemia by eontinuous EASI 12-lead ST-segment trend analysis during orthopaedic surgery and find its rules.Methods Three hundred and eleven consecutive patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery were monitored bv continuous EASI 12-lead ST-segment analysis during surgery.Results Among 311 patients 81 patients(26.0%) had myocardial ischemic events.The ischemie incidence of general anesthetics WaS signifieantly higher than local anesthetics(the spinal or epidural anesthetics and nerve-block anesthetics)(38.1%vs 23.0%.P＝ 0.01 5).During ischemie events the patients whose heart rate exceeded 90 beat per minute was 71.6% (58/81).Among the 177 isehemie events,the duration ofless than 5 minutes was 79.7%(141/177).ST-seg- ment deviation ofless than 0.15 mV was 71.2%(126/177).Conclusions During orthopaedic surgery EASt 12-lead electrocardiogram is the optimal approach for monitoring myocardial isehemia.The ischemic incidence of general anesthetics is significantly higher than local anesthetics.The myocardial ischemia events correlates with fast heart rate.The intraoperative myocardial ischemia events are more often transient.In most of these ischemic events ST-segment deviation is not very serious.

Objective:To analyze the incidence of complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi'an Children 's Hospital.Methods:The clinical data of 310 children who underwent central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi 'an Children's Hospital from June 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 334 central venous catheters were used in 310 chidren. Among the 310 children who underwent central venous catheterization, 102 children (30.54%) had complications related to central venous catheterization. The complications related to central venous catheterization included catheter infection (13.17%), catheter malposition (8.38%), exudation at the puncture site (4.79%), catheter occlusion (2.99%), accidental removal (0.60%), and central venous thrombosis (0.60%). Central venous catheters were removed in 82 children (24.55%) because of complications. There was a significant difference in the incidence of central venous thrombosis among three surgical approaches: femoral vein, internal jugular vein, and subclavian vein ( χ2 = 7.06, P = 0.029). Longer time for catheterization resulted in a higher incidence of complications, including catheter-related infection ( χ2 = 7.17, P = 0.028), puncture point exudation and obstruction ( χ2 = 8.59, P = 0.014), central venous thrombosis ( χ2 = 6.78, P = 0.034). Regression analysis showed that suture shedding and bleeding at the insertion sites were the main risk factors for catheter-related complications (suture shedding OR = 4.85, P = 0.001; bleeding at the insertion sites OR = 1.83, P = 0.008). Conclusion:The most common complications of central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi'an Children's Hospital include catheter-related infection, catheter malposition, and puncture site exudation. Risk factors for complications during catheter retention include suture shedding and bleeding at the insertion sites.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of central nervous system specific protein B (S100B)combined with neuron specific enolase(NSE)and serum lactate for severe neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)induced by perinatal asphyxia.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted.A total of 126 neonates admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Xi ′an Jiaotong University due to perinatal asphyxia from April 2019 to April 2022 were selected as the research subjects.Neonates who were clinically diagnosed with HIE were selected as the observation group(45 cases), and those without HIE were selected as the control group(81 cases). The differences of each parameter between the two groups were compared.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the indicators that might cause severe HIE.The risk factors were put into the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)to analyze their predictive value for prognosis.Results:There were no significant differences in gestational age, weight and gender between the two groups(all P>0.05). The Apgar scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group; the rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and prolonged labor were higher than those in the control group.These differences are statistically significant(all P< 0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group showed significantly higher rates of abnormal brain electroencephalogram and cranial magnetic resonance imaging, as well as increased levels of lactate, S100B( t-values for 8 h and 72 h were 13.10 and 2.00 respectively), and NSE( t-values for 8 h and 72 h were 10.85 and 15.57 respectively), all with statistical significance(all P< 0.05). By conducting binary Logistic regression analysis on indicators that might cause HIE, it was found that Apgar scores at 5 minutes and 10 minutes were negatively correlated with the risk of severe HIE( OR<1 and P<0.05). Prolonged labor, as well as factors such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, S100B concentration at 8 hours after birth, NSE concentration at 8 hours after birth, and lactate levels were all risk factors for poor prognosis( OR>1 and P<0.05). The predictive threshold values for severe HIE using the biochemical markers S100B, NSE, and lactate were 1.87 μg/L, 19 μg/L, and 4.6 mmol/L respectively.The sensitivity of prediction were 78%, 68%, and 75% respectively; while the specificity were 66%, 71%, and 67%, and all area under the curve(AUC)was greater than 0.5.The sensitivity of the combined prediction by the three factors was 87%, with a specificity of 79% and AUC 0.86( P<0.05). Conclusion:S100B, NSE and serum lactate are independent risk factors for predicting neonatal serve HIE, and the combination of the three indicators can improve the predictive efficiency.

By means of brain connectomics, structural patterns of the brain nerve cells can be abstracted into a highly complex network, and epilepsy is one of the most common disorders of brain network. Although focal epilepsy (FE) is once thought to be a focal brain disease, current researches have confirmed that extensive changes exist in the FE brain network. With the development of brain connectomics in the field of epilepsy, the brain network characteristics of FE are gradually characterized. In this paper, the recent advance in human brain connectomics of FE is reviewed to summarize the characteristics of FE brain network.

Objective: To investigate different Er:YAG laser power settings on the bonding properties of IPS e.max CAD ceramics. Methods : 96 IPS e.max CAD ceramics blocks (5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 12), the untreated blocks served as the control, while one of the experimental groups was treated with 4.5% HF for 20 seconds, six remaining test group (C、D、E、F、G、H) were treated with different Er: YAG laser power settings: 100 mJ、200 mJ、300 mJ、400 mJ、500 mJ and 600 mJ. Morphology of the ceramic surface was observed by atomic force microscopy and its shear bond strength (SBS) was tested. Results : Higher shear bond strength values were found in group C-H compared to group B, the highest is group F (24.12 ± 1.91) MPa. The difference was statistically significant. The atomic force microscope observation of the surface structure showed that the control group was smooth and flat, and the HF-like etching group formed a uniform needle-like convex structure. The laser group gradually formed a regularly arranged cylindrical convex structure, in which the surface of the G and H groups was damaged. Conclusion The Er: YAG laser power settings of 400 mJ can be used as an effective pretreatment method before bonding of IPS e.max CAD ceramic.