Background:Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent.This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung cancer mortality and to investigate the factors that associate with the screening effect.Methods:A decision tree model with three scenarios (low-dose CT screening,chest X-ray screening,and no screening) was developed to compare screening results in a simulated Chinese urban cohort (100,000 smokers aged 45-80 years).Data of participant characteristics were obtained from national registries and epidemiological surveys for estimating lung cancer prevalence.The selection of other tree variables such as sensitivities and specificities of low-dose CT and chest X-ray screening were based on literature research.Differences in lung cancer mortality (primary outcome),false diagnoses,and deaths due to false diagnosis were calculated.Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the factors that associate with the screening results and to ascertain worst and optimal screening effects considering possible ranges of the variables.Results:Among the 100,000 subjects,there were 448,541,and 591 lung cancer deaths in the low-dose CT,chest X-ray,and no screening scenarios,respectively (17.2％ reduction in low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening and 24.2％ over no screening).The costs of the two screening scenarios were 9387 and 2497 false diagnoses and 7 and 2 deaths due to false diagnosis among the 100,000 persons,respectively.The factors that most influenced death reduction with low-dose CT screening over no screening were lung cancer prevalence in the screened cohort,low dose CT sensitivity,and proportion of early-stage cancers among low-dose CT detected lung cancers.Considering all possibilities,reduction in deaths (relative numbers) with low-dose CT screening in the worst and optimal cases were 16 (5.4％) and 288 (40.2％) over no screening,respectively.Conclusions:In terms of mortality outcomes,our findings favor conducting low-dose CT screening in urban China.However,approaches to reducing false diagnoses and optimizing important screening conditions such as enrollment criteria for screening are highly needed.

Objective:To explore the factors affecting the safety of home environment for device-aided elderly people, so as to provide a basis for improving the safety of the elderly's home environment and promoting aging-adapted reform.Methods:From August 2021 to March 2022, stratified cluster sampling was used to select 326 device-aided elderly people from 8 communities in Urumqi City as the research subject. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Capacity Assessment Standard Table for the Elderly, Home Environment Safety Assessment Scale for the Elderly, and Home Environment Ageing-adapted Reform Cognition and Needs Concise Questionnaire for the Elderly. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the influencing factors of home environment safety for device-aided elderly people.Results:A total of 326 questionnaires were distributed, and 305 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 93.56% (305/326) . The influencing factors of home environment safety for device-aided elderly people included housing area, self-evaluation of the home environment, chronic diseases, monthly pension income, and cognition of aging-adapted reform ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The aging-adapted reform of home environment should focus on elderly people who suffer from chronic diseases, have poor self-evaluation of the environment, have low monthly pension income and cognition of aging-adapted reform. Relevant departments should promote the self-evaluation methods of home environment and knowledge on home aging-adapted reform.

The bonding restoration has become an important clinical technique for the development of dental bonding technology. Because of its easy operation and the maximum preservation of tooth tissues, bonding repair is widely used in dental restoration. The recent multi-mode universal adhesives have brought new progress in dental bonding restoration. In this article the universal adhesives were reviewed according to its definition, development, improvement, application features and possible problems.
Adhesives ; administration & dosage ; Dental Bonding ; methods ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Humans ; Technology, Dental