OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and safety of erythropoietin on nerve function and brainstem auditory evoked potential in the preterm children with brain damage. METHODS:46 preterm children with brain damage were randomly di-vided into treatment group and control group,with 23 cases in each group. Control group received conventional symptomatic treat-ment as respiratory support,nutritional support,vitamin K supplement and ganglioside. Treatment group was additionally given rhE-PO for injection (CHO cell) 500 IU/kg hypodermically,3 times a week,on the basis of control group. Both group received 3-4 weeks of treatment continuously. MDI,PDI,the content of serum nerve injury factor(NSE,S-100β),latent period and peak inter-val of brainstem auditory evoked potential were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in MDI,PDI,the content of serum nerve injury mole-cule,latent period and peak interval of brainstem auditory evoked potential between 2 groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment,MDI and PDI of 2 groups increased significantly,while the content of serum nerve injury factor,latent period and peak interval of brainstem auditory evoked potential decreased significantly;the treatment group was better than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Erythropoietin can significantly im-prove intelligence development,protect the damaged nerve cells and auditory nerve pathways with good safety.

Objective To observe the effect of magnetic stimulation of sacral roots on detrusor overactivity and urge incontinence after spinal cord disease.Methods 15 cases with detrusor overactivity and urge incontinence after spinal cord disease were treated with magnetic stimulation of sacral roots for 10 d.Voiding diary,quality of life scale and urodynamic investigation were applied to evaluate the effect.Results The mean frequency of voiding in 24 h after treatment decreased,urine volume increased,frequency of incontinence decreased and the quality of life score improved.Urge incontinence improved in 85.7% cases.The results of urodynamic investigation showed bladder capacity at first desire to void and maximum cystometric capacity significantly increased after stimulation,while the detrusor pressure at storage decreased.Conclusion Magnetic stimulation of sacral roots can improve urinary frequency and urge incontinence of patients with detrusor overactivity after spinal cord disease by inhibiting detrusor overactivity,increasing cystometric capacity.Magnetic stimulation of sacral roots may be an alternative promising rehabilitation technique.

Objective: To evaluate the role of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in lymph node staging and resectability assessment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The clinical data of 154 patients with NSCLC who underwent EBUS-TBNA from March 2015 to December 2018 were collected. All accessible mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes were systematically explored and punctured using EBUS-TBNA. EBUS-TBNA and CT were used for preoperative staging and resectability evaluation. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA were 94.2%, 100.0% and 96.0%, respectively, while those of CT were 89.9%, 31.8% and 72.0%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in lymph nodes with short diameter less than 15 mm were 92.4%, 100.0% and 96.0%, respectively, while those of CT were 80.7%, 34.8% and 60.1%, respectively, with statistical differences (P<0.05). The staging of 62 patients was changed, 27 cases were up-regulated and 35 cases were down-regulated. Among them, 32 cases had been changed to resectable. The evaluating resectability of EBUS-TBNA showed excellent consistency with that of pathological results (Kappa=0.95). The sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 97.2%, respectively. Conclusion EBUS-TBNA can systemically evaluate the metastatic status of NSCLC patients and improve the accuracy of preoperative lymph node staging and resectability assessment.

Objective To build the dataset of Chinese visible human female. Methods After undergoing macroscopical, CT and MRI examinations to exclude organic lesions, a young female cadaver of medium height was selected as the subject. After morphological measurement and vascular perfusion, the cadaver was embedded with 5% gelatin and cryopreserved in a -30 ℃ icehouse for 1 week. A digital milling machine TK 6350 (milling accuracy of 0.001 mm) was used to shave off slices of the body layer by layer from head to foot in a laboratory at -25 ℃. The successive cross sections were photographed with a high definition digital camera, and the pictures were put into a computer to establish a dataset of human body. By utilizing the image dataset derived from the successive cross sections, 3D reconstruction and stereodisplay of human structure were finished with a SGI Workstation which was equipped with an independently self developed software package for 3D reconstruction. Results The selected specimen, a 22 year old female native of Chongqing, was 1 620 mm in height, 54 kg in weight and died of non organic disease. CT scans were made in every 1.0 mm for head and neck and every 2.0 mm for rest parts, and the thickness for MRI scans was 1.5 mm for head and 3.0 mm for rest parts. For serial cross sections, the thickness was 0.25 mm for head and 0.5 mm for rest parts. Thus, a total of 3640 slices were obtained, and the photo for every slice was saved as a 36 MB file in a resolution of 6 291 456 pixels (3 072?2 048). Finally, the complete data files reached to 131.04 GB. Conclusion ① This is the first formally reported case of Chinese visible human female, suggesting that China becomes the second country owning visible human female dataset of her population. We set up a website for the purpose of exchanging ideas and information on this subject. So, the results are issued simultaneously on the Internet (http://www.chinesevisiblehuman.com).② According to US Visible Human Project(VHP), the data of the 3 junctional parts of their female cadaver were absent because the body was cut into 4 segments. Taking the age of 59 year old into account, the visible human female's body was not exactly perfect. The sections of 0.33 mm in thickness were saved to pictures at a resolution of 2 490 368 pixels (2 048?1 216). While, the first Chinese visible human female reported here is a young female without organic disease or lesion. No sectional datum is lost for being acquired from successive sections of the whole body. The resolution of cross sectional image reaches to 6 291 456 pixels (3 072?2 048).

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)in lymph node staging of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in elderly patients.Methods:Thirty-five patients aged ≥70 years and 58 patients aged 60-69 years with NSCLC receiving EBUS-TBNA in our hospital from March 2015 to December 2018 were enrolled.All patients underwent EBUS for all visible mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, and those with enlarged lymph nodes(short axis ≥6 mm)were further examined with TBNA.The diagnostic efficiency and safety of EBUS-TBNA were analyzed.Results:The sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA was 0.94, the specificity was 1.00, the Yoden index was 0.94, the positive predictive value was 1.00, and the negative predictive value was 0.82.Tumor staging was changed in 20 patients after EBU-TBNA, resulting in changes in assessment on tumor resectability in 5 cases.EBUS-TBNA had excellent agreement with postoperative pathology in evaluating resectability(Kappa=0.95). The sensitivity and specificity were 1.00 and 0.97, respectively.The incidence of complications of EBUS-TNBA was 6.5%.The elderly group had a worse performance status( P<0.05)compared with the control group, but the complication rates(5.7% vs 6.9%, P>0.05)were similar between the two groups. Conclusions:EBUS-TBNA is highly effective and safe in the diagnosis of NSCLC in patients aged 70 and older.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment. Forty individuals (12-33 years old; mean ± standard deviations: 20.8 ± 5.9 years) scheduled to receive orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a laser group (LG) or a placebo group (PG) (1:1). The LG received LLLT (810-nm gallium-aluminium-arsenic diode laser in continuous mode with the power set at 400 mW, 2 J·cm) at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d after treatment, and the PG received inactive treatment at the same time points. In both groups, the non-treated side served as a control. A numerical rating scale (NRS) of pain, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), cold detection thresholds (CDTs), warmth detection thresholds (WDTs), cold pain thresholds (CPTs), and heat pain thresholds (HPTs) were tested on both sides at the gingiva and canine tooth and on the hand. The data were analysed by a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The NRS pain scores were significantly lower in the LG group (P = 0.01). The CDTs, CPTs, WDTs, HPTs, and PPTs at the gingiva and the PPTs at the canine tooth were significantly less sensitive on the treatment side of the LG compared with that of the PG (P < 0.033). The parameters tested also showed significantly less sensitivity on the non-treatment side of the LG compared to that of the PG (P < 0.043). There were no differences between the groups for any quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures of the hand. The application of LLLT appears to reduce the pain and sensitivity of the tooth and gingiva associated with orthodontic treatment and may have contralateral effects within the trigeminal system but no generalized QST effects. Thus, the present study indicated a significant analgesia effect of LLLT application during orthodontic treatment. Further clinical applications are suggested.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; physiology ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; adverse effects ; Toothache ; etiology ; radiotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult