Objective:To review the progress in vaginal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Methods:Based on the recently published papers,the research on the application of vaginal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems was classified and summarized. Re-sults:Vaginal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems not only showed safety,effectiveness and strong permeability but also avoided the first pass effect,prolonged drug residence time and improved bioavailability and compliance of patients. Conclusion:Vaginal mucoad-hesive drug delivery systems are becoming research hotspots and exhibit broad application prospects to replace the traditional delivery systems.

Nevirapine ( NVP) is the first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, which is a front-line drug for the treatment of AIDS and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. NVP is with poor solubility and low bioavailability. With the development of new dosage forms, such as solid dispersion, self-emulsifying, microparticles, micelles, sustained-release tab-lets and floating microspheres, the bioavailability of NVP can be increased and the adverse reactions can be decreased. Research pro-gress in the new dosage forms of NVP at home and abroad was reviewed through searching literatures in order to provide basis for the development of new dosage forms of NVP.

Objective:To review the drug absorption evaluation methods for pulmonary delivery. Methods: The drug absorption cell models, in vitro pulmonary membrane model and in vivo animal model were systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of those models and applications were reviewed by referring to the databases in CNKI and Pubmed. Results:The appro-priate animal model and method for the study of pulmonary absorption should be chosen according to the experimental purpose and char-acteristics of drugs. Conclusion:The review provides the thoughts and theoretical basis for the research and development of pulmonary delivery.

Curcumin is the main active component in turmeric, which possesses many pharmacologic effects, including anti-in-flammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-atherosclerosis, liver and kidney protection and so on. However, due to its poor bioavail-ability, its clinical application is limited. Therefore, the methods for improving the bioavailability of curcumin were reviewed by refer-ring to a large number of literatures. The bioavailability of curcumin can be improved by different administration routes and various dos-age forms. The review provides theoretical basis and research ideas for the development of new drugs.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of genistein in genistein-loaded Eudragit nanoparticles. Methods:The HPLC analysis was carried out on a DiamonsilTM C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)column with the mobile phase of meth-anol-water (85∶15) at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 261nm and the column temperature was 25℃. Results: A good separation was displayed between the drug peak and the excipient peaks. An excellent linearity range for genistein was obtained from 1.0 μg·ml-1 to 100.0 μg·ml-1(r =0.999 8). The recovery of genistein was 99.85%(RSD =0. 65%,n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid, accurate and specific, which is suitable for the determination of content and encapsulation efficiency of genistein-loaded nanoparticles.

Objective:To review the application of microemulsions as vehicles in transdermal delivery systems. Methods:Based on the recently published papers, the research on the application of microemulsions was classified and summarized. Results: Microe-mulsions is extensively applied as drug vehicles due to the ability of solubilization, drug permeation enhancement and efficacy improve-ment. Conclusion:Microemulsions as promising vehicles for transdermal delivery show a good application prospect.

Pulmonary drug delivery has become a research focus in recent years, while the action between particles and pulmonary macrophages after particles transportation to lung tissue was paid little attention. Therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced by regulating the particles uptake action of pulmonary macrophages according to different diseases. Referring to a lot of articles, the relationship between common diseases and macrophages was reviewed and the influencing factors in the particles uptake of alveolar macrophages were sum-marized. The review laid foundation for the development of preparations and clinical application of pulmonary drug delivery systems.

OBJECTIVETo point out and define "insertion obstacle" (IO) as another sort of sexual dysfunction.

METHODSA retrospective review was done on 32 patients with IO. They were diagnosed by self-rating insertion scale(SIS) designed by reference to the first five questions in OLeary's "Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory for Urology" (1995), involving sexual desire and erection and insertion, and treated mainly by psychological behavior therapy.

RESULTSOf the 32 cases, 30 patients were diagnosed as IO, 29 (90.6%) were simple psychological IO, and successfully cured by psychological behavior therapy.

CONCLUSIONSIO, as a sort of sexual dysfunction, could be diagnosed by SIS, and cured by psychological behavior therapy.

Vaginal delivery system has a unique therapeutic advantage. In recent years, the rapid development of dosage forms shows a good prospect of development. The related literatures at home and abroad in recent years were analyzed and summarized. The research progress in the drug absorption model of various vaginal administrations was reviewed. The review provided reference for the research of new drug preparations and drug absorption mechanisms of vaginal administration.

The stratum corneum barrier and the other issues in transdermal drug delivery system have attracted more and more at-tention, and the novel liposomes as the drug delivery vehicles effectively solve the problems. The novel liposomes can significantly im-prove transdermal drug penetration, therefore, can enhance efficacy and shows high application value and development prospects. In the paper, combined with some domestic and foreign current researches, the classification, penetration mechanisms and application of the novel liposomes were reviewed.