Objective To screen extraction process for Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.Methods With the content of total saponins and total phenolic acids from Rosae Laevigatae Fructus as the evaluation indexes, ethanol concentration, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction times as investigation factors, the test data were analyzed by Design-Expert8.0.5 software, and a multiple quadratic regression equation was set up to screen extraction process parameters of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.Results The best extraction process parameters of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus were as follows:ethanol concentration was 62.79%;solid-liquid ratio was 13.12:1;the extraction time was 137.93 min;extraction times were 1.85 times. Considering the convenience for actual operation and the practicability of industrial production, the extraction process parameters should be ethanol concentration of 60%, revised solid-liquid ratio of 13:1, 2 hours' extracting time, and 2 extraction times.Conclusion Final selected parameters provide the basis for the extraction process of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.

[Summary] Type 2 diabetic rat model accompanied by insulin resistance was established by high fat/high glucose diet and streptozotocin.Following metformin treatment for 4 weeks,realtime PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of SIRT3 mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle tissue,respectively.The results showed that insulin sensitivity,superoxide dismutase (SOD),and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly reduced in diabetic group compared with the control group (P＜0.05),while methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level was increased (P＜0.05),along with the decreased expressions of SIRT3 mRNA and protein in skeletal muscles (P＜0.01).After metformin treatment,the insulin sensitivity,SOD,GSH,and SIRT3 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased (P＜ 0.05 or P＜ 0.01),while MDA level was decreased (P ＜ 0.05),suggesting that metformin may ameliorate insulin resistance via upregulating SIRT3 expression in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.

Objective:To construct an analytic method aimed at the characteristics of the commonly method of supplementing and pouring of acupuncture based on the analysis and modeling of ultrasound images around acupoint region in the process of acupuncture.Methods:A total of 7 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital from June,2022 to June,2023 were selected,and their Kongzui acupoints were acupunctured by 10 acupuncturists with associate senior title as 4 kinds of acupuncture manipulations included reinforcing by twisting and rotating(RFTR),reducing by twisting and rotating(RDTR),reinforcing by lifting and thrusting(RFLT),and reducing by lifting and thrusting(RDLT).The B-ultrasound diagnostic device was used to collect the images of muscle and fascial tissue below the acupoint,so as to construct the model of images.The definition of virtual acupuncture point was adopted to study the regulation of perturbation of subcutaneous tissue that was caused after the skin was acupunctured by needle.The change regulation of the virtual acupuncture point of muscle bundle below skin at Zuikong acupoint of subjects was analyzed.Results:The difference value of average absolution value between peak and trough of the trajectory of virtual acupuncture point of twisting and rotating was 0.066±0.045,and the average value of amplitude of this method was less than that(0.428±0.276)of lifting and thrusting method,and the twisting and rotating method was uniform and symmetrical,and there was difference between two kinds of acupuncture methods.The characteristics of computer graphics was used to qualify the work effect of lifting and thrusting,and reinforcing and reducing,which showed the heavy insertion and light lifting of RFLT,and showed heavy lifting and light insertion of RDLT,thus distinguished the two methods[(RFLT)and(RDLT)].Conclusions:The ultrasound imaging and computer graphics can be used to analyze the regularity of the common"reinforcing and reducing"method of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Background/Aims: Surgeons and endoscopists have started to use endoscopically inserted double pigtail stents (DPTs) in the management of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) leaks, including UGI anastomotic leaks. We investigated our own experiences in this patient population. Methods: From March 2017 to June 2020, 12 patients had endoscopic internal drainage of a radiologically proven anastomotic leak after UGI surgery in two tertiary UGI centers. The primary outcome measure was the time to removal of the DPTs after anastomotic healing. The secondary outcome measure was early oral feeding after DPT insertion. Results: Eight of the 12 patients (67%) required only one DPT, whereas four (33%) required two DPTs. The median duration of drainage was 42 days. Two patients required surgery due to inadequate control of sepsis. Of the remaining 10 patients, nine did not require a change in DPT before anastomotic healing. Nine patients were allowed oral fluids within the 1st week and a soft diet in the 2nd week. One patient was allowed clear oral feeds on the 8th day after DPT insertion. Conclusions Endoscopic internal drainage is becoming an established minimally invasive technique for controlling anastomotic leak after UGI surgery. It allows for early oral nutritional feeding and minimizes discomfort from conventional external drainage.

BACKGROUNDSIRT3 is an important regulator in cell metabolism, and recent studies have shown that it may be involved in the pharmacological effects of metformin. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are unclear.

METHODSThe effects of SIRT3 on the regulation of oxidative stress and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle were evaluated in vitro. Differentiated L6 skeletal muscle cells were treated with 750 µmol/L palmitic acid to induce insulin resistance. SIRT3 was knocked down and overexpressed in L6 cells. SIRT3, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were evaluated by Western blotting.

RESULTSOver expression of SIRT3 increased glucose uptake and decreased ROS production in L6-IR cells as well as in L6 cells. Knock-down of SIRT3 induced increased production of ROS while decreased glucose uptake in both L6 and L6-IR cells, and these effects were reversed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Metformin increased the expression of SIRT3 (1.5-fold) and SOD2 (2-fold) while down regulating NF-κB p65 (1.5-fold) and JNK1 (1.5-fold). Knockdown of SIRT3 (P < 0.05) reversed the metformin-induced decreases in NF-κB p65 and JNK1 and the metformin-induced increase in SOD2 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUpregulated SIRT3 is involved in the pharmacological mechanism by which metformin promotes glucose uptake. Additionally, SIRT3 may function as an important regulator of oxidative stress and a new alternative approach for targeting insulin resistance-related diseases.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Sirtuin 3 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism