BACKGROUND: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is a group of protein kinase related with neuronal apoptosis. Sleep derivation can lead to neuronal apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe change and possible significance of MAPKs in rats after sleep deprivation.DESIGN: Prospective study with complete randomization.SETTING:Research Room of Nerve, Department of Physiology, Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at Zhengzhou University from June 2000 to October 2002. Totally 24 adult healthy SD rats were selected.METHODS: A total of 24 rats were randomly assigned into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation group, REM sleep deprivation control group and normal control group with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the sleep deprivation group received successive sleep deprivationfor 72 hours from 8:00in the morning. The rats in the normal control group were fed in the rearing cage, having normal sleep-awareness cycle. Their morphological change was observed. Another 24 rats were grouped as above and determined with MAPKs. Morphological change of neurons in hippocampus of rats after sleep deprivation was observed with terminal dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL)staining. Changes of activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)and expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Morphological change of hippocampal neuron in rats after sleep derivation was observed. ②Changes of expressions of ERK and JNK in hippocampal neuron were observed.RESULTS: ①Morphological change of hippocarnpal neuron: A mass of apoptotic positive cells appeared in CA1 and CA3 regions of rats in the REM sleep deprivation group, mainly distributed in pyramidal layer of hippocampus. A few apoptotic cells appeared in CA2 region. Seldom apoptotic cells appeared in the CA4 region. There was no significant positive cell in hippocampal tissue sections of the normal control group and REM sleep deprivation control group. ②Change of ERK activity: It was significantly lower in the REM sleep deprivation group than the REM sleep deprivation control group and normal control group (1 764.00±941.56,6 139.67±2 863.62,566.700±2 763.41 ,t=3.211 1,0.986 3,P ＜ 0.05). ③JNK positive expression: It was markedly higher in the REM sleep deprivation group than the REM sleep deprivation control group and normal control group (87.5%, 25%, 75%, t=3.412 1, P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The sleep deprivation can cause change of MAPKs activity, which may be related with neuron apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Lobelia chinensis.

METHODThe constituents were extracted with 95% EtOH, partitioned with different solvents, and isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallization, their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from the titled plant. They were identified as 5-hydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone-7-O-rutinoside (1), n-butyl-O-beta-D-fructopyranoside (2), 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (3), cirsiumaldehyde (4), diosmetin (5), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (6), and 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (7).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2-4, 6, and 7 were obtained from the titled plant for the first time.

Coumarins ; analysis ; Furans ; analysis ; Lobelia ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective:To investigate the effects of early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after thrombolysis.Methods:A total of 108 patients with STEMI treated in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022 were divided into early PCI following thrombolysis group ( n=65) and primary PCI (pPCI) group ( n=43). The general clinical data, and the parameters of routine echocardiography at 1 day after PCI and before discharge were compared between the two groups. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was used to evaluate myocardial perfusion at 1 day after PCI and before discharge. Results:There were no significant differences in general clinical data between the early PCI following thrombolysis group and the pPCI group (all P>0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the early PCI following thrombolysis group and pPCI group before discharge was significantly higher than that on the 1st day after PCI(both P<0.05). The difference of LVEF was significant between the early PCI following thrombolysis group and the pPCI group before discharge and 1 day after PCI ( P<0.05). Compared with 1 day after PCI, the global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) of left ventricle increased in early PCI following thrombolysis group and pPCI group before discharge(both P<0.05). The difference of LVGLS between early PCI following thrombolysis group and pPCI group before discharge and 1 day after discharge was statistically significant( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left atrial volume (LAV), ratio of mitral early diastolic velocity to late diastolic velocity (E/A), mean early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus (Em) and E/Em 1 day after PCI and before discharge between early PCI following thrombolysis group and pPCI group (all P>0.05). MCE showed that the MCE score index of early PCI following thrombolysis group and pPCI group before discharge was significantly lower than that of 1 day after PCI(both P<0.001). Compared to the 1 day after PCI, the early PCI following thrombolysis group showed a significant increase in the proportion of normal microvascular perfusion (nMVP) and a decrease in the proportion of delayed microvascular perfusion (dMVP) and microvascular obstruction (MVO) before discharge (all P<0.05). In contrast, the pPCI group demonstrated a significant decrease in the proportion of both nMVP and dMVP before discharge compared to the first day after PCI (all P<0.05). However, the decrease in the proportion of MVO was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Early PCI following thrombolysis and pPCI can enhance left ventricular systolic function and myocardial perfusion in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Early PCI following thrombolysis may offer additional advantages in improving left ventricular systolic function and myocardial perfusion.

Objective:To provide a scientific basis for reducing the rate of invalid ambulance attendance and the establishment of grades dispatch system through a retrospective analysis of the invalid ambulance attendance in prehospital emergency care.Methods:The data of the invalid ambulance attendance was collected in Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (the only tertiary hospital of in Nanshan District) from 2014 to 2018, and the reasons of the invalid ambulance attendance, the time period during the invalid ambulance attendance occurred (every 3 hours was divided into one time period), and the reasons of ambulance calling were statistically analyzed.Results:① The invalid ambulance attendance rates showed a fluctuating decrease trend year by year from 2014 to 2018, the rates were 31.22% (2 515/8 055), 26.94% (2 147/7 970), 29.80% (2 398/8 046), 25.69% (1 844/7 177) and 21.89% (1 686/7 703), respectively. The total invalid ambulance attendance rate was 27.19% (10 590/38 951) in the five years. ② The top three reasons for the invalid ambulance attendance were cancelled calls, departure before the ambulance arrived, and going to hospital by themselves, accounting for 36.87%, 25.08%, and 17.03%, respectively. The constituent ratios of the causes of invalid ambulance attendance in each year were different with statistical significance (χ 2 = 217.626, P < 0.001). ③ The top three time period of invalid ambulance attendance occurred at 21:00-23:59, 18:00-20:59 and 09:00-11:59, accounting for 16.86%, 14.95% and 13.54%, respectively. There was no statistical significance in the distribution of time period in each year (χ 2 = 32.571, P = 0.252). ④ The top five reasons for ambulance calling of invalid ambulance attendance were fainting/syncope, trauma, alcoholism, traffic accident injuries, and brawls, accounting for 20.13%, 15.67%, 9.97%, 8.64%, and 6.45%, respectively, and there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of the reason for ambulance calls in each year (χ 2 = 194.213, P < 0.001). Conclusion:The invalid ambulance attendance rate is high in Nanshan District of Shenzhen. Improving the professional level and triage ability of the dispatchers, improving the system construction of prehospital emergency care system and increasing social education are conducive to reduce invalid ambulance attendance rate.

OBJECTIVE：To prepare chelerythrine nanoparticles（CHE-NPs），optimize their formulation ，and evaluate its drug release behavior in vitro and its inhibitory effect on melanoma. METHODS ：Using methoxy polyethylene glycol-poly （lactic-co- glycolic acid ）（mPEG-PLGA）as carrier ，CHE-NPs were prepared by the nano-precipitation method. HPLC method and dialysis bag method were used to determine entrapment efficiency and drug loading. The formulation of CHE-NPs was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface design using overall desirability （OD）of them as dependent variables ，CHE dosage ，mPEG-PLGA concentration and poloxamer 188（F68）concentration as independent variables. The particle size and Zeta potential of CHE-NPs prepared by the optimal formulation were detected ；the characteristics of drug release in vitro were investigated ；the effects of CHE and CHE-NPs on survival rate of mice B 16 melanoma cells were compared ，and median inhibition concentrations （IC50）of them were calculated. RESULTS ：The optimal formulation included CHE of 2 mg，mPEG-PLGA of 13 mg/mL，F68 of 1.8％. Average entrapment efficiency rate of CHE-NPs prepared by the optimal formulation was （80.18±1.11）％，average drug loading was （11.36±0.28）％，average OD value was 0.96±0.04 [the relative deviation from predicted value （0.90）of OD was 6.67％]； particle size was （113.1±1.40）nm，and Zeta potential was （－21.6±0.29）mV；polydispersity index was 0.07±0.01（n＝3）； accumulative release rates of CHE control and CHE-NPs were 90.87％ and 68.68％ within 8 h，and drug release behavior in vitro of the latter was in accordance with Weibull kinetic model. Inhibitory effect of CHE-NPs on B 16 melanoma cells was significantly stronger than that of CHE ；the 24 h IC 50 of CHE-NPs and CHEwere 69.35 and 107.36 μg/mL，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The prepared CHE-NPs show good sustained-effect and high capacity of drug loading ，and strengthen the inhibitory effect of CHE on melanoma.