Anthracyclines, which include doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, and aclarubicin, are widely used chemotherapeu-tic agents for treating hematologic and solid tumors, such as acute leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, soft tissue sarco-mas, and ovarian cancer. Anthracyclines can be combined with other chemotherapeutics and molecular targeted drugs for cancer treat-ment. The combination of anthracyclines with other chemotherapeutic drugs is usually the standard of first-line treatment. Anthracy-clines are efficacious and potent agents with broad antitumor effects. However, these drugs may cause adverse reactions, such as hair loss, myelotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. Hematopoietic stimulating factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, can be used to control myelotoxicity. However, cardiotoxicity is the most serious anthracycline side effect. Clinical study results and practical observations indicate that the anthracycline cardiotoxicity is usually progressive and irreversible, especially after the first use of the drug, which may particularly cause heart damage. Therefore, the early detection and prevention of anthracy-cline-induced cardiotoxicity are important and have already gained considerable attention in clinical applications. Relevant experts from the China Society of Clinical Oncology and Hematology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association prepared the guidelines for the pre-vention and cure of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in 2013. The authors reviewed the effective drugs currently used to prevent and cure anthracycline cardiotoxicity.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of Huaier granule on the growth of sorafenib resistant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells.Methods The gradient concentration of Huaier granule was used to treat HCC cells,and the effect of Huaier granule on the proliferation,migration and invasion of sorafenib resistant HCC cells was analyzed.Bioinformat-ics methods were used to analyze the possible interaction between microRNA-31-5p(miR-31-5p)and sprouty-related proteins with an EVH1 domain 1(SPRED1).The expression levels of miR-31-5p and SPRED1 in HCC cells were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR);cell viability,proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8,colony formation,scratch healing,Transwell and flow cytometry;RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)as-say and dual luciferase assay were used to verify the binding relationship between miR-31-5p and SPRED1.Results Huaier granule could significantly inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of sorafenib resistant HCC cells,and induce apoptosis.Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-31-5p was highly expressed in HCC,and Huaier granule was able to down-regulate the expression of miR-31-5p,inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of sorafenib resistant HCC cells,and induce apoptosis;miR-31-5p showed a targeted inhibition effect on the expression of SPRED1.SPRED1 was down-regulated in HCC,and overexpression of SPRED1 was able to reverse the promoting effect of overexpression of miR-31-5p on proliferation and metastasis of sorafenib resistant HCC.Conclusion Huaier granule can inhibit sorafenib resistant HCC metastasis through the miR-31-5p/SPRED1 axis,indicating that Huaier granule has the potential to be used as a novel drug for HCC treatment.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of Huaier granule on the growth of sorafenib resistant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells.Methods The gradient concentration of Huaier granule was used to treat HCC cells,and the effect of Huaier granule on the proliferation,migration and invasion of sorafenib resistant HCC cells was analyzed.Bioinformat-ics methods were used to analyze the possible interaction between microRNA-31-5p(miR-31-5p)and sprouty-related proteins with an EVH1 domain 1(SPRED1).The expression levels of miR-31-5p and SPRED1 in HCC cells were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR);cell viability,proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8,colony formation,scratch healing,Transwell and flow cytometry;RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)as-say and dual luciferase assay were used to verify the binding relationship between miR-31-5p and SPRED1.Results Huaier granule could significantly inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of sorafenib resistant HCC cells,and induce apoptosis.Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-31-5p was highly expressed in HCC,and Huaier granule was able to down-regulate the expression of miR-31-5p,inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of sorafenib resistant HCC cells,and induce apoptosis;miR-31-5p showed a targeted inhibition effect on the expression of SPRED1.SPRED1 was down-regulated in HCC,and overexpression of SPRED1 was able to reverse the promoting effect of overexpression of miR-31-5p on proliferation and metastasis of sorafenib resistant HCC.Conclusion Huaier granule can inhibit sorafenib resistant HCC metastasis through the miR-31-5p/SPRED1 axis,indicating that Huaier granule has the potential to be used as a novel drug for HCC treatment.

The heparin polysaccharide nanoparticles block the interaction between heparan sulfate/S protein and inhibit the infection of both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and the mutated strains through pulmonary delivery.Image 1.