Objective To explore visual-spatial working memory deficits of patients with basal ganglia damage, based on which tried to provide the new method for detecting the injuries in basal ganglia. Methods Twenty-five patients with lesions in the basal ganglia and twenty-five healthy controls performed visual-spatial working memory tasks, including a face-recognition and a spatial delayed-response. Results For the basal ganglia damage group ,the correct rate of both visual- face ( 54.5 ± 9.6 ) % and visual-spatial ( 80.0 ± 11.7 ) % working memory tasks was significantly lower than that of the control group ( ( 64.3 ± 9.5 ) %, ( 93.6 ± 4.9) %, respectively) ,and the difference was statistically significant ( u= - 147.5,80.5, P＜0. 01 ). For the patients injured in the left basal ganglia, the correct rate of visual- face working memory (48.5 ± 5.4 )% was obviously lower than that of patients injured in the right basal ganglia ( 59.2 ± 9.8 ) %, and the difference was statistically significant ( u =25.5, P＜0. 01 ) ;but the difference of correct rate for the visual-space working memory was not statistically significant( u = 52.5, P＞ 0.05 ). In contrast to the controls, both the visual-face and visual-space working memory of the group with injuries in basal ganglia,had appeared to be disable. Conclusions The results confirmed that patients with lesions in basal ganglia had deficits of visual-spatial working memory,and that injuries either in the left or the right basal ganglia can probably cause the shiftiness of cognitive function. Therefore, the injuries in basal ganglia can be detected by the visual-spatial working memory tests.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that nuclear factor-KB (NF-kB) was positively correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cerebral hypoxia region. Thus, we assumed whether NF-kB in the pathway of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) upregulating VEGF and plays a bridge effect.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of NF-kB in HIF-1α pathway of increasing expression of VEGF using HIF-1α-modified neural stem cells (NSCs) as vectors.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: In vitro observation of cytology was conducted at the Neuroscience Institute, Jiamusi University from March to December 2008.MATERIALS: Wistar rats aged less than 24 hours of both genders were used.METHODS: NSCs were transfected after amplification of adenovirus vector HIF-1α (AdHIF-ia)-green fluorescent protein (GFP).Fluorescence detection was used to determine HIF-1α-GFP and blank vector Ad-GFP expression in NSCs. Protein was extracted from transfected NSCs, blank vector NSCs and normal NSCs, separately. Subsequently, NF-kB specific inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (50,150, 300 μmol/L) was added in HIF-1α-modified NSCs. Western blot analysis was used to determine changes in VEGF expression.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following parameters were measured: expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and NF-kB in NSCs in each group; VEGF expression in NSCs following treatment of NF-kB specific inhibitor.RESULTS: Gene expression was associated with MOI and transfected time following AdHIF-1α-GFP transfected with NSCs. After transfected AdHIF-1α-GFP in NSCs, HIF-1α, VEGF and NF-kB expression was positively correlated. Expression of VEGF was reduced in AdHIF-1α-GFP-modified NSCs following treatment of NF-kB inhibitor PDTC in a concentration-dependent fashion.There were significant differences in VEGF expression between each concentration group (P < 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: NF-kB in signaling pathway of HIF-1α-upregulated VEGF expression and played a bridging effect.

Objective To estimate the effect of the NO on the medial amygdaloid nucleus(Me), we studied the origins of the NOS positive terminals in the Me. Methods Noergic afferent projection to Me was identified by a combined NADPH-d histochemical staning and retrograde CTb immunocytochemical method after microinjecting CTb into Me. Results The double labeled of neurons (NOS and CTb) were located in dorsal raphe nucleus, locus ceruleus, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, ventrolateral part of periaqueductal gray.Conclution The NADPH-d positive terminals in the Me originates from the aforementioned nucleus, and may relate to the function of the Me.

The basement membrane (BM) is crucial in regulating the physical and biological activities of esophageal epithelial cells which attach to the underlying BM. In order to simulate the natural construction of BM, we prepared the fibrous scaffolds using biodegradable polylactide (PLA) and silk fibroin (SF) as the materials via electrospinning technology. BM's proteins containing collagen (IV), laminin, entactin and proteoglycan were extracted from porcine esophagus and coated on the eletrospun fibers. Morphology, mechanical strength, biodegradability and cytocompatibility of the coated and uncoated scaffolds were tested and evaluated using scanning electron micrography, mechanical test system, immunofluorescence assay and western blotting with CK14 as the primary antibody. The fibrous scaffold PLA or PLA/SF, generated from the present protocol had good formation and mechanical and biodegradable properties. After coating with BM's proteins, the scaffold could enhance the growth and differentiation of esophageal epithelial cells, which would contribute to remodel and regenerate the tissue engineered epithelium and further contribute to engineer the whole esophagus in future.
Absorbable Implants ; Basement Membrane ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Epithelium ; Esophagus ; physiology ; Fibroins ; chemistry ; Humans ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; Regeneration ; physiology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; chemistry

BACKGROUND:Bacterial biofilm is the main cause of the infection of the prosthesis.In vitro experiments confirmed that hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol can apparently promote the formation of staphylococcal biofilms. There are no reports on the effects of ethanol and hypertonic environment surrounding the prosthesis on the formation of biofilms.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different environment factors surrounding the prosthesis on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacterial biofilm formation after replacement.
METHODS: White rabbit models infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis on the prosthesis were established, and were randomly divided into hypertonic sodium chloride, ethanol and control groups (n=15). The bacteria were injected with 0.1 mL 4% sodium chloride and 4% ethanol into the knee of rabbits in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups. The rabbits were injected with 0.1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride in the control group. Three rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 days after inoculated with bacteria. Synovial fluid, prosthesis and tissue surrounding infection were obtained. Bacterium was cultured to extract total RNA. The ica operon transcription levels were detected in the gene levels. Adhesion of bacteria on the surface of the prosthesis was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Tissues surrounding the prosthesis were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Histological examination revealed that inflammatory cel infiltration was observed in al the rabbits at 4 days after injection. Colony formation was found at 16 days after injection. At 6 days after injection, inflammatory cel infiltration was observed in the ethanol and control groups. Scanning electron microscope showed that compared with the control group, the bacteria adhered to the prosthetic surface became more in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups at 6, 8 and 16 days (P < 0.05). At 6, 8 and 16 days, the expression of icaA mRNA was significantly higher in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). These data showed that the environment factors could affect the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacterial biofilm formation.

BACKGROUND:Polyurethane has good mechanical and physical characteristics and is extensively used in
clinical and experimental studies, but its hydrophobicity and histocompatibility are not ideal, which limits its use in tissue engineering as a biomaterial scaffold to some extents.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the hydrophilicity of polyurethane membrane grafted with silk fibroin and glutin and its compatibility with human hypopharyngeal cel s.
METHODS:The changes in hydrophilicity of polyurethane membrane grafted with silk fibroin and glutin were detected by contact angle measurements. Human hypopharyngeal fibroblasts were cultured in vitro on
polyurethane membrane, silk fibroin-polyurethane membrane, glutin-polyurethane membrane and tissue culture plate. Cel compatibility was compared using cytometry and cel morphology obsevation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hydrophilicity of silk fibroin-or glutin-polyurethane membranes significantly increased (P<0.01). The hydrophilicity of silk fibroin-polyurethane membrane was higher than that of
glutin-polyurethane membrane (P<0.01). The number of cel s on the tissue culture plate was the most. The number of human hypopharyngeal fibroblasts on the silk fibroin-or glutin-polyurethane membrane was higher
than that on the polyurethane membrane, especial y on the silk fibroin-polyurethane membrane. These suggested that hydrophilicity and cel compatibility of silk fibroin-or glutin-polyurethane membrane were elevated.

Objective:To establish the method validation of microbial limit tests for hospital paste preparations, including com-pound salicylic acid paste, zinc oxide paste and compound pine tar paste. Methods:According to the microbial limit test described in China pharmacopoeia 2010 edition, the method validation of count of bacteria, fungi and yeasts and tests for specified microorganisms was established. Results:Medium dilution method could be used in bacteria, fungi and yeasts count and specified microorganisms ex-amination for compound salicylic acid paste and zinc oxide paste. For compound pine tar paste, bacteria, fungi and yeasts count and the pseudomonas aeruginosa examination could use medium dilution method, while the staphylococcus aureus examination should employ membrane filtration method. Conclusion:The methods of microbial limit tests for the three hospital paste preparations are established, which can be used to control the quality of hospital preparations effectively.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii(ABA),and the mechanism of imipenem resistance in A.baumannii.METHODS All specimens were identified by VITEK-60 and the drug resistance was detected by Kirby-Bauer test.Three dimensional test was used to detect ESBLs and AmpC.PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to determine VIM,IMP,OXA-23 and OXA-24 ?-lactamases.Outer membrane protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE,Reserpine synergistic inhibition test was used to study the active efflux mechanism.RESULTS Totally 120 strains were isolated from sputum(76.9%),and 16 strains from secretion(10.3%).ICU was the main infected department(51 strains,32.7%).The resistance to sulperazone was the lowest(20.5%),and to imipenem accounted for 38.5%,Of the 20 imipenem resistant strains,10 strains were ESBLs positive(50%),and 20 strains were AmpC positive(100%).VIM,IMP and OXA-24 ?-lactamases were not detected out,19 strains(95%) produced OXA-23.Compared to the imipenem-sensitive strains,the resistant strains lacked the outer membrane protein of 22?103,29?103 and 33?103.The MICs of A.baumannii to imipenem were not decreased by reserpine which demonstrated that excretive mechanism was negative.CONCLUSIONS ICU is the main infected department for ABA.The resistance rate is increasing for longer-term usage of carbopenem;OXA-23 production is the important resistance mechanism in ABA,AmpC production and outer membrane protein lacking show close relation to the drug-resistance in A.baumannii.

In recent years, the research hot in the field of solid tumor and blood tumor focuses on the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).In tumors, MDSCs not only exert immunosuppression by inhibiting T cell proliferation, destroying the functions of natural killer cells and recruiting regulatory T cells, but also play non-immunosuppression roles in the promotion of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis.All of these hinder the anti-tumor therapy, and particularly affect the curative effect, which are related with a poor clinical prognosis.MDSCs can be used as prognostic markers, which provide new targets for immunotherapy.

Artery cannulation is one of the clinical skills that should be mastered by the internships of anesthesiology. In consideration of its invasiveness,teachers should carry out the clinical teaching strictly and patiently,and assist the internships to establish a correct opinion on clinical practice. We should train the internships step by step,improve their success rates on artery cannulation and avoid complications as far as possible.