Objective To explore visual-spatial working memory deficits of patients with basal ganglia damage, based on which tried to provide the new method for detecting the injuries in basal ganglia. Methods Twenty-five patients with lesions in the basal ganglia and twenty-five healthy controls performed visual-spatial working memory tasks, including a face-recognition and a spatial delayed-response. Results For the basal ganglia damage group ,the correct rate of both visual- face ( 54.5 ± 9.6 ) % and visual-spatial ( 80.0 ± 11.7 ) % working memory tasks was significantly lower than that of the control group ( ( 64.3 ± 9.5 ) %, ( 93.6 ± 4.9) %, respectively) ,and the difference was statistically significant ( u= - 147.5,80.5, P＜0. 01 ). For the patients injured in the left basal ganglia, the correct rate of visual- face working memory (48.5 ± 5.4 )% was obviously lower than that of patients injured in the right basal ganglia ( 59.2 ± 9.8 ) %, and the difference was statistically significant ( u =25.5, P＜0. 01 ) ;but the difference of correct rate for the visual-space working memory was not statistically significant( u = 52.5, P＞ 0.05 ). In contrast to the controls, both the visual-face and visual-space working memory of the group with injuries in basal ganglia,had appeared to be disable. Conclusions The results confirmed that patients with lesions in basal ganglia had deficits of visual-spatial working memory,and that injuries either in the left or the right basal ganglia can probably cause the shiftiness of cognitive function. Therefore, the injuries in basal ganglia can be detected by the visual-spatial working memory tests.

Objective To estimate the effect of the NO on the medial amygdaloid nucleus(Me), we studied the origins of the NOS positive terminals in the Me. Methods Noergic afferent projection to Me was identified by a combined NADPH-d histochemical staning and retrograde CTb immunocytochemical method after microinjecting CTb into Me. Results The double labeled of neurons (NOS and CTb) were located in dorsal raphe nucleus, locus ceruleus, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, ventrolateral part of periaqueductal gray.Conclution The NADPH-d positive terminals in the Me originates from the aforementioned nucleus, and may relate to the function of the Me.

Objective Probing into the primary healthcare capabilities of healthcare clinics in the four provinces in China's west,in order to recommend the government in making relevant policies.Results It is found that among those village doctOrs under 45 years of age,76.0%have senior high school diploma/secondary technical school education,89.6%have rural doctor certificates;those above 45 years old,59.5%have middle school education,96.9%have rural doctor certificates,and 1.6%have licensed assistant doctor certificates.x2check is statistically significant,as the village doctors born in different eras have different composition of education and different percentage of qualification certificates.44.44% of the village clinics have less than three rooms,and 41.11%occupy less than 40 square meters.Only 19.44%of the clinics receive funding for their medieal facilities from higher authorities.Conclusion It is imperative to enhance resources input tO the staff and facilities of village clinics in the west,to cater to the primary healthcare needs of the local people.

Objective To investigate the awareness and administration of antidiabetic drugs in patients with diabetes in Huairou district of Beijing.Methods A questionnaire survey on knowledge and administration of antidiabetic drugs were conducted in 900 diabetic patients from 16 communities in Huairou district of Beijing from November 2014 to February 2015.The related factors influencing antidiabetic drug use were analyzed with logistic regression method.Results A total of 899 questionnaires were recovered. Results showed that the rate of metformin single use was the highest (23.7%, 213/899), the rate of combination use of metformin and acarbose was 11.8%(106/899), and that of metformin and glipizide was 17.1% (154/899).Survey showed that 65.9% (592/899) patients were compliant immediately for antidiabetic agents, 32.2% (290/899) were not immediately compliant, 1.9% (17/899) did not use antidiabetic agents.Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the use of antidiabetic agents were the types of medication (t=-4.351, P=0.000) , adverse effects of drugs (t=6.999, P=0.000), awareness of diabetes to health hazard (t=-10.969, P=0.000) and the doctor′s recommendation (t=-3.352, P=0.001).Conclusion The results showed that the administration of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients from Huairou district is basically followed the recommendation by 2013 edition of type 2 diabetes guidelines and the compliance rate of medication need to be further raised.

Objective To establish an accurate method for determining the content of three components in Fufang Buwu Syrup. Methods TLC scanner was selected to detect three components with silica gel G thin layer plate. The sample was separated by using cyclohexane-ethyl acetate-methylenechloride-formic acid (3∶1∶1∶0.2),λS=300 nm. Results The linearity between peak area and ferulic acid was achieved in the range of 0.36-0.84μg, psoralen was achieved in the range of 0.12-0.28 μg, emodin was achieved in the range of 0.01-0.05 μg. The average recovery was 100.7%, 100.8%, 101.0%, and RSD was 1.26%, 1.44%, 1.86%, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple and accurate, which can be used for quality control of Fufang Buwu Syrup.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathlogic characteristic, diagnosis and histogenesis of pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary tumors ( SPPT) . Methods Combined with relevant literature, the clinical history, histopathological features and immunohistochemi-cal characteristics were analyzed in 11 cases of SPPT. Results There were 10 female patients and only 1 male in total 11 cases, aged from1 7 to 60 years (mean 33). The sizes of tumors were from 3. 2 to 10. 0 cm. Histologically, they were composed of papillary and microcysticsolid structures. Pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core was remarkable. Immunohistochemically, the tumors expressed EMA (1/11), vimentin (10/11), NSE (11/11), Syn (7/11), CgA (1/11), CD56 (11/11), CD10 (11/11), PR (9/11), CD99 (9/11),α-AT (11/11),β-catenin (11/11), E-cadherin (11/11), Cyclin D1 (11/11), c-Myc (11/11). 6 patients were followed up for a period of 20 to 112 months, and they were all alive and had no recurrence and metastasis. Conclusions SPPT is a tumor with low malignancy of the pancreas that most frequently affect young females. SPPT may be derived from multipotent stem cells and closely related withβ-catenin signaling pathway. Pathological morphology and immunohistochemistry are very important to the diag-nosis and differential diagnosis of SPPT.

Objective To analysis the risk factors in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated patients.Methods Seventy-eight adult inpatients on mechanical ventilation (MV) through oral endotracheal intubation were studied prospectively by observation between June,2007 and May,2010.Clinical associated factors including patients'predisposition related,medical personnel or device related and nutritional state related factors,etc.were recorded and analyzed.Results In 78 ventilated patients,the incidence of VAP was 23.1％,the fatality rate was 22.2％.Preventive antibiotic treatment (OR=6.038; 95％ CI:1.319-27.641; P =0.021),applying glucocorticoid (OR =5.385; 95％ CI:1.191-24.346; P =0.029) and prealbumin (PA) ≤ 69.7 mg/L (OR =0.975; 95％ CI:0.956-0.995 ; P =0.013) were risk factors in VAP.Conclusions The risk factors in VAP were PA ≤ 69.7mg/L,preventive antibiotic treatment and employment of glucocorticoid.

Objective To investigate whether antiseptic central venous catheters (CVC) modified with chlorhexidine acetate and silver sulfadiazine can be beneficial in reducing bacterial colonization and catheter-related infection. Methods Prospective controlled non-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. Seventy adult inpatients with CVC from intensive care unit of General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force during June 2007-June 2009 were enrolled. Their baseline characteristics, APACHE Ⅱ score and therapeutic interventions were comparable. Patients were randomly received either an antiseptic CVC ( antiseptic group, n = 28) or a standard two-lumen CVC ( control group, n = 42 ). Microbiological evaluation was done after CVC removal. A catheter bacterial colonization ( CBC) was considered if bacterial growth of > 15 CFU was found by semi-quantitative roll-plate technique from a proximal or distal catheter segment. A catheter-related infection ( CRI) was defined as a colonized catheter with local signs of inflammation. A catheter-related bloodstream infection ( CR-BSI) was defined as a colonized catheter with isolation of the same organism from the patient' s blood with accompanying clinical signs of infection. SPSS 11.5 software was used for statistical analysis. Kaplan Meier curve was used to evaluate the association between CVC retention time and bacterial colonization or infection, and Log-rank test was performed to compare between the groups. Results CVC was removed from 3.6% (1/28) patients of antiseptic group and 21.4% (9/42) patients of control group because of infection (x2 = 5. 143, P <0. 05). Colonization of CVC was observed in 7. 1% (2/28) patients from antiseptic group and 35. 7% ( 15/42) from control group (x2 =7.458, P<0.01). CBC or CRI was not observed in antiseptic group until day 19, while CRI occurred at day 6 in the control group. CVC colonization and infection were developed in 31.4% and 14. 3% patients of antiseptic group during day 14-day 28 respectively, while the rates in the control group were 90% and 70% ( u = 27.5 and 14.31, P < 0.01). Conclusions Antiseptic CVC modified with chlorhexidine acetate and silver sulfadiazine can significantly lower the risks of CBC and CRI. But more than 50% patients would develop infection when colonization occured, no matter patients receive standard or antiseptic CVC. After CVCs have been inserted for > 2 weeks, the colonization and infection will increase significantly in both standard or antiseptic CVC, so to shorten the insertion time is an effective measure to decrease the CVC-related infection.

BACKGROUND:Endothelial progenitor cel s have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of traumatic diseases in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of magnetic labeled endothelial progenitor cel transplantation on renal function of diabetic rats through a MRI imaging study.METHODS:Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal (no treatment), control and experimental groups. Intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin was performed to make a rat model of type 1 diabetes in the control and experimental groups. Four weeks after modeling, rats in the experimental group were given intravenous injection of magnetic labeled endothelial progenitor cel s (0.15 mL, 1×109/L). Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and 24-hour urinary protein levels in rats were measured at 8 weeks after cel transplantation. MRI was used to trace transplanted cel s in vivo in comparison with renal biopsy findings, and rat body mass and kidney weight were measured to calculate kidney weight index. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After modeling, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and 24-hour urinary protein levels as wel as kidney weight index were increased significantly (P<0.05), while the insulin level decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the endothelial progenitor cel transplantation reversed these indices (P<0.05). Additional y, in the experimental group, there was slightly longer T1 and shorter T2 signals as wel as marked lesion edge, and the FLASH sequence became more remarkable compared with the T2-weighted RARE sequence. The other groups showed no significant low signal changes. Magnetic-labeled positive cel s in the experimental group showed by the MRI were consistent with the tissue biopsy results, while no positive cel s were found in the model and normal groups. To conclude, the magnetic labeled endothelial progenitor cel transplantation can improve renal dysfunction in diabetic rats to a certain extent.

Objective:To investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs in serum collected post operation and compared these miR-NAs with those collected pre-surgery among patients suffering from glioblastoma multiform (GBM) and undergoing regular clinical fol-low-up. These miRNAs may be potential biomarkers for the post-operative evaluation of patients with GBM. Methods:Forty-eight pa-tients with GBM and clinical pathological diagnosis were enrolled in this study. In the initial biomarker screening stage, total RNAs were extracted and subjected to Solexa sequencing to select miRNAs with significantly altered expression pre-and post-operation. Some of these differentially expressed miRNAs were chosen and verified through TaqMan probe-based qRT-PCR assay. A t-test was performed to determine the miRNAs that satisfied the two criteria, namely, fold change>2 and P<0.05. All of the patients were fol-lowed-up, and survival data were collected. The patients were then classified into two groups, namely, long-and short-survival groups, on the basis of the median of the miR-30e expression levels in the sera collected post-operation. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test (SPSS version 19.0, IBM) were employed to determine the possible relationships between miR-30e expression levels in the sera collected post-operation and patients' overall survival. Results: Solexa revealed 63 differentially expressed miRNAs. Four miRNAs, namely, miR-26b, miR-30e, miR-129-3p, and miR-206, were selected on the basis of previous and present findings. These miRNAs were then verified in the RT-qPCR phase. Among these miRNAs, only miR-30e was significantly upregulated post-operation. The serum miR-30e expression level post-operation was not significantly associated with the overall survival of the patients. A low miR-30e expression level corresponded to prolonged survival. Conclusion:miR-30e was upregulated in the sera collected post-operation from patients with GBM. This miRNA may be negatively related to the tumor load of these patients. The miR-30e expression level in the serum col-lected post-surgery serum was not significantly associated with overall survival. Therefore, miR-30e may serve as a novel potential non-invasive biomarker for the post-operative evaluation of patients with GBM.