OBJECTIVE:To regulate the management of operation drug and promote medication security. METHODS:Based on the relevant principles in the standard of JCI,the practice about establishment of operation pharmacy in our hospital was intro-duced,and it were stated from two aspects which included working mode and effects. RESULTS:The working mode were format-ed by definiting the duties and working flow of pharmacist,anesthetist and liaison man. The establishment of operation pharmacy, which brought operation drugs into the unified management system of our hospital,saved manpower and improved work efficien-cy,refined the management of drugs in all aspects,improved the management of drug safety level,strengthened drug expiration date management,implemented the reporting of adverse drug reactions(event)and collecting of medication(potential)errors. The established mode conformed to the relative standard of JCI including preparation,grant,storage and collection of ADR of drug. CONCLUSIONS:The established drug management of operation pharmacy promotes standardized administration of surgery drug, which guarantees the drug use safety of patients.

Objective To observe the effect of the modified Yulin Decoction on improving the living quality of patients with yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney of premature ovarian failure. Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients were divided into experimental group (80) and control group (47) by non-randomized noninferiority comparative study. The experimental group was treated with modified Yulin Decoction daily orally once a day. The control group was treated with oral estradiol valerate and progesterone cycle. Two groups received continuous medication for 21 d, and treatment interval was 5 d. Three cycles of treatment were set as one course, and treated for 2 courses. The SF-36 scale was used to calculate the total scores and scores of eight dimensions before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the scores of SF-36 dimensions (except somatic pain) and total score between the two groups. Compared with before treatment, the score and total score of SF-36 in the experimental group increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mental health score of the control group was higher than that of before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). After treatment, there was statistical significance in the two dimensions of vitality and mental health in the two groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.01) in the total score and scores of SF-36 physiological function, physical pain, general health, vigor, social function, emotional function and mental health between the two groups. Conclusion Modified Yulin Decoction can improve the living quality of patients with yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney of premature ovarian failure.

Aim To confirm the inhibitory effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia ( CIHH) on my-ocardial apoptosis induced by metabolism syndrome ( MS) , and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A rat model of MS induced by fructose was used. The blood pressure and the plasma content of glucose, tri-glyceride, cholesterol, and insulin after 12 h fasting were detected. HE stain were used to detect the cardi-ac structure. The TUNEL staining and activity of caspase-3 were used to detect the apoptosis of myocar-dium. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot . Results Compared with the control rats, the blood pressure and the plasma content of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and insu-lin were all increased in rats with MS. In rats with MS, the impairment of cardiac structure and the increase of apoptosis were also observed. The protein expression of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated, and that of Bax was significantly up-regulated in MS rats. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was also significantly decreased. Interest-ingly, CIHH could ameliorate all of the above issues. There was no significant difference between control group and CIHH group. Conclusion CIHH may im-prove the increased apoptosis in rats with MS via inhib-iting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This stud-y might provide new targets for therapy and the preven-tion of MS patients.

Objective To investigate the association between the six single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP),named as rs179247,rsl2101261,rs2284722,rs4903964,rs2300525,rsl7111394 in the intron 1 of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene (TSHR) and Graves' disease (GD).MethodsThe genotypes of the six SNPs were genotyped by Taqman probe technique on Fluidigm EP1 platform in 618 GD patients and 646 control subjects.Meanwhile,TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) of the patients were determined.ResultsAmong the six SNPs,five S NPs were strongly associated with GD,with the most signals at rs179247_G,rs12101261_C,rs4903964 _G (P=2.85×10-10,OR=1.73,95％CI1.46-2.05;P=1.74×10-10,OR=1.73,95％CI 1.46-2.05;P=2.24×10-10,OR=1.69,95％ CI 1.44-1.99 ).The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that rs12101261 and rs4903964 were main susceptibility loci of GD in the intron 1 of TSHR.rs179247_G,rs1210126 1_C,and rs4903964_G were associated with subset of the GD patients with positive TRAb (P=4.24× 10-13,p=5.48× 10-13,P =3.89×10-12 ).Conclusionrs179247,rs12101261,and rs4903964 in TSHR intron 1 were significantly associated with GD in the Chinese Han population from Bengbu city.rs12101261 and rs4903964 were the major susceptibility SNPs associated with GD.TSHR gene may play a main role of susceptibility gene in the subset of GD patients with persistent positive TRAb.

BACKGROUND: At present, there is evidence that domestic porous tantalum has good biocompatibility and osteogenic properties, but the specific osteogenic mechanism and its effect on osteogenic factors are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of domestic porous tantalum materials on the expression of collagen type I, tissue transglutaminase-2 and calcium-binding protein A4 in MG63 cells. METHODS: MG63 cells in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated onto 24-well plates and cultured in three groups: in blank group, conventional medium was added; in tantalum extract group, porous tantalum material extract was added; and in tantalum scaffold group, porous tantalum material and conventional medium were added. On 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days of culture, the cell proliferation of each group was detected by cell counting kit-8 method. On 5 days of culture, the levels of collagen type I, tissue transglutaminase-2 and calcium-binding protein A4 secreted by MG63 cells in each group were detected by ELISA. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of three proteins in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the prolongation of culture time, the number of cells in each group increased gradually. There was no difference in cell proliferation among the three groups at different time points (P> 0.05). (2) The secretory levels of collagen type I and tissue transglutaminase-2 in the tantalum scaffold group were significantly higher than those in the blank group and tantalum extract group (P < 0.05), while the secretion of collagen type I and tissue transglutaminase-2 in the tantalum extract group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (P < 0.05). The secretion of calcium-binding protein A4 in the tantalum scaffold group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). (3) The expression of collagen type I and tissue transglutaminase-2 protein in the tantalum scaffold group was significantly higher than that in the blank group and tantalum extract group (P < 0.05), while the expression of collagen type I and tissue transglutaminase-2 protein in the tantalum extract group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (P < 0.05). The expression of calcium-binding protein A4 in the tantalum scaffold group was significantly lower than that in the blank group and tantalum extract group (P < 0.05). To conclude, domestic porous tantalum materials could promote the secretion of collagen type I and tissue transglutaminase-2 by MG63 cells, and inhibit the secretion of calcium-binding protein A4.

OBJECTIVETo estimate the reference value for micronucleus frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes in general Chinese population, and to guide the genotoxicity evaluation and risk analysis for populations exposed to environmental or occupational chemicals.

METHODSA fulltext search was performed in CNKI with the key words of "micronucleus" and "human", and PubMed was searched with "cytokinesis-block micronucleus","CBMN","humans", and "adults", to obtain the articles published at home and abroad from 2001 to 2014 in which cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN)assay was applied for micronucleus detection and populations not exposed to genotoxins were established as a control. Monte Carlo simulation was performed based on the micronucleus frequency, standard deviation, and sample size provided in these articles to calculate the micronucleus frequency for general population and to analyze the influence of sex, smoking, and drinking on micronucleus frequency.

RESULTSA total of 23 articles were included in the final analysis. The minimum mean micronucleus frequency was 0.39‰, and the maximum mean micronucleus frequency was 25.3‰. There were 1623 subjects in the control group in total (range 22~178, mean 70.6). Monte Carlo simulation was performed 100 times, and the mode of micronucleus frequency was 0 or 1‰; the values of P0, P25, P50 , P75, and P95 were 0‰, 1‰, 2‰~3‰, 5‰~6‰, and 14‰~19‰, respectively; the mean value was 4.36‰(range 4.22‰~4.57‰). With the application of one-sided 95% range(x±1.64 s), the upper limit of the range of reference value was calculated to be 13.46‰~14.75‰.

CONCLUSIONThe micronucleus frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes in general Chinese population is 4.36‰, the interquartile range is 1‰~5‰ or 1‰~6‰, and the upper limit of reference value is 14.17‰. The factors of living area, sex, smoking, and drinking may influence micronucleus frequency.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; DNA Damage ; Environment ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Micronucleus Tests ; Monte Carlo Method ; Mutagens ; Reference Values ; Sex Factors ; Smoking

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology for a Chinese pedigree affected with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. METHODS: Members of the pedigree who had visited the Genetic Counseling Clinic of Linyi People's Hospital on February 10, 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data and family history of the proband were collected, and trio-whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) was carried out for the proband and his parents. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Trio-WES revealed that both the proband and his cousin brother had harbored a hemizygous c.385-1G>C variant in intron 4 of the HPRT1 gene, which was unreported previously. A heterozygous c.385-1G>C variant of the HPRT1 gene was also found in the proband's mother, grandmother, two aunts, and a female cousin, whilst all phenotypically normal males in his pedigree were found to have a wild type for the locus, which has conformed to an X-linked recessive inheritance. CONCLUSION The heterozygous c.385-1G>C variant of the HPRT1 gene probably underlay the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in this pedigree.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome/genetics* ; Pedigree ; East Asian People ; Heterozygote ; Introns ; Mutation

Objective To investigate the correlation between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and future liver remnant (FLR) growth after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 15 patients who underwent ALPPS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between March 2017 and May 2018 were collected.Observation indicators:(1) intraoperative situations in the first staged ALPPS and the second staged ALPPS;(2) postoperative situations:① postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay,② results of pathological examination;(3) IL-6 concentration in the peripheral blood before and after operation;(4)follow-up situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination,telephone interview and internet was performed to detect life quality and survival of patients.Imaging examination was done to detect tumor recurrence and metastasis.Follow-up was done up to May 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution or similar normal distribution were represented as (x)±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Repeated measures data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.Correlation comparison was done using Pearson bivariate correlation test.Results (1) Intraoperative situations.① The first staged ALPPS:15 patients had liver parenchymal transection via anterior approach combined with selective hepatic vascular exclusion,without allogenic blood transfusion.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,FLR at postoperative 16 days,interval time to the second staged ALPPS,growth rate of liver volume,ratio of FLR and standard liver volume (SLV) were respectively 324 minutes (range,240-387 minutes),356 mL (range,200-600 mL),(582± 134) cm3,24 days (range,9-34 days),35％±20％ and 53％±7％.② The second staged ALPPS:of 15 patients,13 underwent the second staged ALPPS successfully including 11 undergoing middle hepatic vein preserved right hepatectomy and 2 undergoing expanded right hemihepatectomy or right trisegmentectomy,1 underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) due to FLR/SLV =31％,1 was detected yellow-white nodules at left lobe and confirmed as hepatocellular carcinoma by frozen section pathological examination,and then improved and discharged after 5-FU abdominal local chemotherapy combined with postoperative TACE.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss of 13 patients undergoing the second staged ALPPS were 324 minutes (range,140-515 minutes) and 639 mL(range,100-1 400 mL).Two patients had blood transfusion including 1 with 800 mL of fresh frozen plasma and 4.0 U of red cells and 1 with 600 mL of plasma and 9.5 U of de-leucocytes and red cells.(2) Postoperative situations.① Postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay:15 patients had no perioperative death,9 and 6 were detected grade A and grade B liver failure respectively,15 had grade Ⅰ complications of Clavien-Dindo classification and no patient had grade Ⅱ and above complications,10 had pleural effusion including 1 with volume of effusion ＞500 mL.Of 13 patients undergoing the second staged ALPPS,4 and 9 were detected grade A and grade B liver failure respectively,8 and 5 had grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ complications of Clavien-Dindo classification and no patient had grade Ⅲ and above complications,11 had few pleural effusion with volume of effusion ＜500 mL.Patients with grade B liver failure and grade Ⅱ complications were recovered and discharged after treatments of liver protection,gastric protection,reinforced dressing change,continuous use of Alb,fresh frozen plasma transfusion.The patient with volume of pleural effusion ＞ 500 mL was improved after closed thoracic drainage and other patients with pleural effusion were improved after symptomatic and supportive treatment.Duration of total hospital stay was 31 days (range,22-49 days) in 15 patients.② Results of pathological examination:13 patients undergoing complete ALPPS were diagnosed as hepaticocellular carcinoma with R0 resection and without cancer cells involving surgical margin,including 7 with grade Ⅱ portal vein tumor thrombus.Ishak score for postoperative pathological fibrosis and liver cirrhosis was 7.7±1.4 in 15 patients,including 1 case of 5,1 case of 6,2 case of 7,6 case of 8,5 case of 9.(3) IL-6 concentration in the peripheral blood before and after operation:IL-6 concentration in the peripheral blood before surgery was (8±3)ng/L in 15 patients,and (207±150)ng/L,(104±65)ng/L,(45±38)ng/L,(26±9)ng/L,(18±10)ng/L at 1,3,5,7,10 days after the first staged ALPPS,showing a statistically significant difference in changing trend before and after surgery (F=25.877,P＜0.05) and statistically significant differences in paired comparison between 1,3,5,7,10 days after the first staged ALPPS and before surgery respectively (P＜0.05).There was correlation between IL-6 concentration in the peripheral blood at 1,3 days after the first staged ALPPS and growth of FLR (r=0.766,0.881,P＜0.05),and also between IL-6 concentration in the peripheral blood at 1,3 days after the first staged ALPPS and growth rate of FLR (r =0.810,0.879,P＜ 0.05).(4) Follow-up:15 patients were followed up for 1-14 months with a median time of 7 months.Of the 15 patients,1 without the second staged ALPPS died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome at 7 months after the first staged ALPPS,14 survived and took care of theirselves in daily life during follow-up with improved life quality,including 1 detected multiple lung metastases at 12 months after complete ALPPS with mild increased AFP and 13 undetected new lesions in the remnant liver on contrast-enhanced CT and liver contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with normal AFP.Conclusion The peak of IL-6 concentration in peripheral blood at 1,3 days after the first staged ALPPS is significantly correlated with the hyperplasia of FLR,which may be used to predict the hyperplasia of FLR.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of hepatic artery ringed and restriction operation-associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (HARO-ALPPS) in the treatment of giant hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.Clinical data of a 45-year-old male patient with giant hepatocellular carcinoma who was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in July 2018 were collected.In the first stage operation,right portal vein ligation+ in situ liver partition + right hepatic artery ringed operation was performed on the patient.In the second stage operation,right hemihepatectomy was performed on the patient.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative situations of the first stage operation;(2) surgical and postoperative situations of the second stage operation;(3) postoperative pathological examination;(4) changes in future liver remnant (FLR) and tumor volume;(5) perioperative hemodynamic changes of right hepatic artery,proper hepatic artery and left hepatic artery;(6) perioperative hemodynamic changes of left-portal vein and main portal vein;(7) follow-up.Follow-up using outpatient examination was performed to detect the prognosis of patients up to February 2019.Count data were described as absolute number.Results (1) Surgical and postoperative situations of the first stage operation:the patient underwent right portal vein ligation+ in situ liver partition+ right hepatic artery ringed operation successfully.The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 376 minutes and 400 mL.Inflammatory indicators including body temperature,white blood cells (WBC),C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,and liver function indices including total bilirubin (TBil),albumin (Alb),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),ascites,indocyanine green retention rate at15 min (ICG R15),score of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) before the second stage operation were improved after symptomatic supportive treatment.Prothrombin time (PT) was in the normal range after the first stage operation.There was no complication of Clavien-Dindo classification Ⅱ or above.(2) Surgical and postoperative situations of the second stage operation:the patient underwent right hemihepatectomy successfully.The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 322 minutes and 900 mL.The patient received 300 mL of fresh frozen plasma infusion.Inflammatory indicators including body temperature,C-reactive protein,and liver function indices including Alb,ALT,AST,ascites,were recoved to normal level after symptomatic supportive treatment.WBC,procalcitonin,TBil,and PT were in the normal range.There was no complication of Clavien-Dindo classification Ⅱ or above.(3) Postoperative pathological examination:① Ⅱ stage hepatocellular carcinoma was confirmed,mass-like type,with tissue necrosis and microvascluar invasion.There was no distal metastasis and tumor did not invade liver capsule or surgical margin.Ishak score of surrounding tissues was 3 in the inflammation and 2 in the fibrosis.② Chronic inflammation was detected in the gallbladder mucosa.③ Reactive hyperplasia was found in the 2 lymph nodes of the group 8.④ One in the group 12 lymph nodes showed reactive hyperplasia.Immunohistochemistry showed positive Glypican-3,Hepatocyte,Arginase-1,NM23,weakly positive vascular endothelial growth factor,and negative Ki-67,vascular endothelial cell marker CD34,biliary epithelial marker CK19 and CK 7,tumor suppressor gene P21 and P23.(4) Changes in FLR and tumor volume:FLR was 565 mL and 580 mL at the 5th and 14th day after the first stage operation respectively,accounting for 54％ and 57％ of total liver volume.The FLR to body weight ratio was 0.96 and 0.98,and the growth rate of FLR was 194％ and 202％.Tumor volume was 1 210 mL and 1 297 mL at the 5th and 14th day after the first stage operation respectively.Tumor necrosis volume was 635 mL and 500 mL at the 5th and 14th day after the first stage operation respectively.At the 5th and 14th day after the first stage operation,the liver CT examination showed that HARO was successfully underwent and the blood supply of remnant liver was good.Preoperative CT aothgraphy (CTA) examination showed that the right hepatic tumor had rich arterial blood supply.At the 5th day after the first stage operation,the CTA examination confirmed the ringed site of right hepatic artery,and the blood supply of the tumor gradually decreased.At the 14th day after the first stage operation,CTA examination showed significant decrease in the blood supply of liver tumors.Liver CT examination showed rich supply of the remnant liver and the liver volume of 829 mL at the 7th day after the second stage operation.(5) Perioperative hemodynamic changes of the right hepatic artery,proper hepatic artery and left hepatic artery.① Blood flow of right hepatic artery was 224.3,574.7,827.5,222.7,153.0,282.5,279.1,247.9 and 150.2 mL/min before the first stage operation,before right portal vein ligation,after right portal vein ligation and before right hepatic artery ringed and restriction,after right portal vein ligation and right hepatic artery ringed and restriction,at the 1st,3th,5th and 7th day after the first stage operation.Blood flow of right hepatic artery in the second stage operation was 505.0 mL/min.② Blood flow of proper hepatic artery was 399.7,793.5,830.5,1 075.4,784.7.5,821.2,722.8,467.4 and 555.4 mL/min before the first stage operation,before right portal vein ligation,after right portal vein ligation and before right hepatic artery ringed and restriction,after right portal vein ligation and right hepatic artery ringed and restriction,at the 1st,3th,5th and 7th day after the first stage operation.Blood flow of proper hepatic artery was 505.0,473.3,158.5,627.0,103.8 and 139.8 mL/min before right hepatectomy in the second stage operation,after right hepatectomy,at the 1st,3th and 5th day after the second operation,respectively.③ Blood flow of left hepatic artery was 147.5,13.8,19.4,16.2,62.1,93.9,67.1,30.8 and 106.1 mL/min before the first stage operation,before right portal vein ligation,after right portal vein ligation and before right hepatic artery ringed and restriction,after right portal vein ligation and right hepatic artery ringed and restriction,at the 1st,3th,5th,7th and 10th day after the first stage operation.Blood flow ot left hepatic artery was 52.0,43.2,112.4,103.6,80.7 and 56.1 mL/min before right hepatectomy in the second stage operation,after right hepatectomy,at the 1st,3th and 5th day after the second operation,respectively.(6) Perioperative hemodynamic changes of left-portal vein and main portal vein.① Blood flow of left portal vein was 552.6,181.2,412.2,320.0,1 777.7,1 284.7,749.5 and 484.2 mL/min before the first stage operation,before right portal vein ligation,after right portal vein ligation and right hepatic artery ringed and restriction,at the 1st,3th,5th,7th and 10th day after the first stage operation,respectively.Blood flow of left portal vein was 793.3,979.0,485.2,1 042.5,803.5 and 548.3 mL/min before right hepatectomy in the second stage operation,after right hepatectomy,at the 1st,3th,5th and 7th day after the second operation respectively.② Blood flow of main portal vein was 1 186.0,696.7,833.7,431.7,1 319.1,668.4,890.7,550.8 mL/min before the first stage operation,before right portal vein ligation,after right portal vein ligation and right hepatic artery ringed and restriction,at the 1st,3th,5th,7th and 10th day after the first stage operation,respectively.Blood flow of main portal vein was 846.4,937.4,891.2,1 671.0,2 697.8,and 1 230.0 mL/min before right hepatotectomy in the second stage operation,after right hepatectomy,at the 1st,3th,5th and 7th day after the second stage operation,respectively.(7) Follow up:the patient was followed up for 6 months and survived well,with Child A of liver function and normal alpha fetoprotein level.Liver contrast CT examination showed increase in the remnant liver,good blood supply,and no tumor recurrence.The FLR was 727 mL at the 2 months after operation.Conclusion For patients with giant hepatocellular carcinoma,HARO-ALPPS can be performed to decrease blood supply of tumor,increase tumor necrosis area,and reduce the incidence of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula,which ensure blood supply of remnant liver hyperplasia.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic and differential diagnostic features of glomus tumor of the kidney. Methods: Four cases of glomus tumor of the kidney were collected from the archives of Peking University Third Hospital, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital and Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital between January 2012 to June 2017; the clinical and radiologic features, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastucture and prognosis were analyzed and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Patients consisted of 2 men and 2 women with ages ranging from 37 years to 66 years (mean 55 years). Three patients had history of hypertensive disease (grade Ⅱ, 3 to 10 years). The tumors measured in maximum diameter from 3.0 cm to 4.0 cm (mean 3.6 cm) and showed gray-white to yellow and tan on cut surface. Macroscopical examinations showed all tumors were circumscribed but non-encapsulated. Histologically, 1 tumor presented as glomus tumor with extensive myxoid change, 1 as cellular and solid pattern glomus tumor, 1 as glomangioma with focal myopericytoma-like pattern and 1 as symplastic glomus tumor with areas resembling myopericytoma. The tumor cells in two cases showed scant cytoplasm and uniform, bland-appearing nuclei without mitoses. In one case, the tumor cells were epithelioid with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and relatively well-defined cell borders. There was an increased mitosis of 4/50 HPF; however, no evidence of atypical mitosis or nuclear atypia was noted. In the symplastic glomus tumor the tumor cells showed frequently nuclear pleomorphism without mitoses. By immunohistochemistry, all tumors showed strong and diffuse reactivities to at least 3 of the 4 muscle-associated markers (SMA, h-Caldesmon, MSA and Calponin), 3 tumors strongly and diffusely expressed collagen Ⅳ, 2 expressed CD34 and 1 focally expressed desmin; whereas markers including epithelial, neuroendocrine, nephrogenic, melanoma-associated, STAT6, S-100 protein, CD117 and β-catenin all were negative in all the 4 tumors. Ultrastuctural analysis was done in 2 cases and showed prominent cytoplasmic actin bundles and pericellular basement membrane, and lacking of rhomboid renin crystals in both tumors. The hypertension persisted after surgical resection for all the 3 patients with this medical history. Follow-up information (range: 6-64 months, mean: 44 months)showed that no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis was identified in all 4 patients. Conclusions Glomus tumor rarely occurs in the kidney and usually has a good prognosis. Careful attention to its morphology with the judicious use of immunohistochemistry and ultrastuctural analysis can be helpful for its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.