With the neonatal intensive care techniques developing,the survival rate of preterm infants has increased markedly.However,these survival preterm infants are extremely vulnerable to develop various diseases,of which brain injury is the most important cause of the disability in preterm infants.At present,encephalopathy of prematurity,the incidence of which is rarely reported in domestic and national reports,mainly refers to white matter injury (WMI).This article reviews the different domestic and national reports about the incidence of encephalopathy of prematurity.

Objective:To understand the relationship between psychiatric nurses' communication ability, personality characteristics and conflict management patterns, and to provide a basis for training psychiatric nurses' conflict management ability courses.Methods:A convenient sampling method was used to investigate and investigate 208 nurses in the first-line clinical hospitals of a third-class psychiatric hospital, used the nurses′ clinical communication ability scale, the nurse′s interpersonal conflict management morphology scale, and the simplified version of the Chinese Big Five Personality Questionnaire.Results:Integration dimension (18.67±2.58) points, concession dimension (12.93±2.43) points, escape dimension (14.05±2.02) points, dominance dimension (14.49±3.06) points, and integration dimension and gender ( t value was -2.57, P=0.01)), education ( F value was 3.76, P=0.02), technical title ( F value was 3.03, P=0.02), position ( t value was 2.08, P=0.03), whether to participate in nurse-patient communication training ( t value was 2.54, P=0.02). Nurses with pleasant personality could better deal with interpersonal conflict ( r=0.361, P<0.01), and the nurse′s personality had a direct effect on the form of interpersonal conflict ( P=0.036, 95% CI 0.107-0.422), the nurse′s communication ability plays a part of indirect effect ( P=0.031, 95% CI 0.001-0.063). Conclusion:The form of interpersonal conflict management of psychiatric nurses was closely related to communication ability and personality characteristics. Nursing managers could carry out targeted training to improve the conflict management ability of nursing staff.

BACKGROUND:Bacterial biofilm is the main cause of the infection of the prosthesis.In vitro experiments confirmed that hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol can apparently promote the formation of staphylococcal biofilms. There are no reports on the effects of ethanol and hypertonic environment surrounding the prosthesis on the formation of biofilms.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different environment factors surrounding the prosthesis on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacterial biofilm formation after replacement.
METHODS: White rabbit models infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis on the prosthesis were established, and were randomly divided into hypertonic sodium chloride, ethanol and control groups (n=15). The bacteria were injected with 0.1 mL 4% sodium chloride and 4% ethanol into the knee of rabbits in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups. The rabbits were injected with 0.1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride in the control group. Three rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 days after inoculated with bacteria. Synovial fluid, prosthesis and tissue surrounding infection were obtained. Bacterium was cultured to extract total RNA. The ica operon transcription levels were detected in the gene levels. Adhesion of bacteria on the surface of the prosthesis was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Tissues surrounding the prosthesis were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Histological examination revealed that inflammatory cel infiltration was observed in al the rabbits at 4 days after injection. Colony formation was found at 16 days after injection. At 6 days after injection, inflammatory cel infiltration was observed in the ethanol and control groups. Scanning electron microscope showed that compared with the control group, the bacteria adhered to the prosthetic surface became more in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups at 6, 8 and 16 days (P < 0.05). At 6, 8 and 16 days, the expression of icaA mRNA was significantly higher in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). These data showed that the environment factors could affect the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacterial biofilm formation.

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that is controlled by genes. Normally, there are three regulation pathways involved in the process of apoptosis, including the signaling of intracel-lular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticula and extracellular death receptors. Recent studies showed that NF-κB is a key regulator in the process of apoptosis. NF-κB plays a promotional and a inhibitory role as well in the regulation of apoptosis, closely related to the the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family, the B cell lymphoma/ lewkmia-2 family, tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factors, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand and Fas-associated death domain protein-like interleukin-1β. Thus, investigation of the mechanism regarding NF-κB in apoptosis regulation is of great importance for apoptosis-related drug development. The paper reviews the recent research progress in the function of NF-κB in apoptosis pathway regulation.

Objective To estimate whether the ligation of bilateral internal carotid artery in combination with one vertebral artery can lead to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods The sham operation, 2?VO and 3?VO rat models were subjected to the matching operation. Four weeks after operation,the cortical blood flow was determined. The learning and memory abilities were measured with Morris water maze test eight weeks later,then the rats were sacrificed to observe the morphological change of hippocampal CA1 region. Results Compared with the sham operation group((47±8.797)ml·min-1·100 g-1),the cerebral blood flow of 2?VO((24.30±8.999)ml ·min-1·100 g-1) and 3?VO((9.870±2.208)ml·min-1·100 g-1) were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the sham operation group((8.33±4.88)s),escape latencies of Morris water maze of 2?VO group ((14.78±7.84)s) and 3?VO group((14.86±7.96)s) in the fifth days also presented significantly increased (P<0.01),but rare difference between the two groups. Compared with the sham operation group[ (37.20±9.21) s, (10.01.±2.91)times],the target quadrant swimming time and crossing times of 2?VO group((20.13±5.80)s, (6.60±3.19)times) and 3?VO group((20.05±5.76)s,(6.55±2.59)times) in the fifth days also presented signifi?cantly decreased (P<0.01). There were distinct pathomorphology changes in hippocampal CA1 region of the two groups. Conclusion The ligation of bilateral internal carotid artery in combination with one vertebral artery can lead to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,and can make the similar ethology representation with the 2?VO models.

Objective:A method that is based on microfluidic cell chip technology was developed for the first time to analyze CD14+monocyte myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression in myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) patients. CD14+monocyte MPO expression in M4 patients was preliminarily discussed. Methods:a. The chip was prepared by using polydimethylsiloxane as the host material and by secondary foam molding. b. A total of 48 clinically diagnosed M4 patients and 52 patients with normal myelogram were included as the test and control groups, respectively. c. A method based on the microfluidic cell chip approach was established to detect CD14+mono-cytes and to determine the positive rate and degree of MPO expression in the cells. d. The microfluidic cell chip technique was used to compare CD14+monocyte MPO expression in M4 patients with that in the control. Results:a. The designed microfluidic single cell analysis chip allowed the entry of granulocytes into the corresponding microfluidic channels. Thus, blood cells were separated. Numer-ous ghost corpuscles surrounded the separated white blood cells (WBCs). WBC morphology did not show obvious changes. b. The posi-tive rate of MPO expression and the activity of CD14+monocytes in the bone marrow of M4 patients were significantly higher than those in the bone marrow of the control (P<0.05). Conclusion:A method based on microfluidic single cell technology was developed for the first time to analyze the MPO expression in CD14+monocytes. CD14+monocyte MPO activity in M4 patients was significantly higher than in the control. CD14+monocyte MPO activity can be used as an auxiliary examination marker for clinical diagnosis.

Glycemic excursion was induced in SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% glucose solution, and cells isolated from bone marrow of these rats showed cell clusters which expressed insulin, c-peptide, glucagon, somatostatin and islet amyloid polypeptide, and other genes related to islet-cells development and functions.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inhibitory effect and possibility inhibitory mechanisms ofendostatin on laryngeal carcinoma cells (Hep-2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS ①Using the MTT assay , the effect of different concentrations of endostatin (10 ?g/ml～50 ?g/ml) and endostatin (30 ?g/ml) with different contact times (24～72h) on the livability of Hep-2 and HUVEC cells were determined; ②Changes in the ultrastructures of Hep-2 and HUVEC cells were examined by electron microscopy; ③Survivin mRNA content was determined in Hep-2 cells exposed to endostatin (30 ?g/ml) by RT-PCR test; ④The effect of endostatin (30 ?g/ml) on the ectogenetic artificial blood vessel models was observed by light microscopy. RESULTS ① The growth of Hep-2 and HUVEC cells was significantly inhibited (P

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanisms of baicalein on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis in mice.METHODS BALB/c mice were randomly placed into three groups (n=10):normal control group,TNBS group,and TNBS+baicalein (20 mg· kg-1,once per day) group.Mouse colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of TNBS.Baicalein was administered by oral gavage two days prior to TNBS treatment and until the end of the study (a total of 9 d).The colon length was measured before HE staining was performed for histological damage assessment.The remaining colon pieces were collected to measure the content of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophage was used as a cell model to determine the content of nitric oxide (NO) in cell culture medium,the mRNA levels of TNF-α,interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1β,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1),and the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB (PI3K/AKT/NF-κB) pathway.RESULTS Baicalein significantly attenuated TNBS-induced colon shortening and histological injury (P＜0.05),which was correlated with the decline in the content of TNF-α in the colon.According to the jn vivo results,baicalein exposure down-regulated the secretion of NO and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS,COX-2,MCP-1,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Additionally,the phosphorylation/activation of LPS-stimulated PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway was inhibited by baicalein treatment.CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of baicalein in TNBS-induced experimental colitis may be due to PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling inhibition.

Objective To explore the effects of delayed mild hypothermia (MHT) in different time windows on the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in brain tissue of model rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Thirty-six clean adult male SD rats were randomly divided into NT group (normal temperature), MHT 15 min group, MHT 2 h group and MHT 4 h group. TBI rat model was established by electronical controlled cortical injury device. The rats in the NT group were treated with normothermia (37℃) and the rats in the three hypothermia groups were implemented with low temperature (33.0±1.0)℃at 15 min, 2 h and 4 h for 6 h respectively after establishment of TBI model. The modified neurological senerity scores (mNSS), morphological changes in hippocampal CA1 areas, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay for Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 were compared 3 days after TBI between the four groups. Results The neurological behavioral deficits were found in each group. Compared with the NT group, the mNSS were decreased in the three hypothermia groups (P<0.01). The results of HE staining showed that the structure of neurons was regular and arranged neatly, and the number of neurons decreased with alleviated nuclear fragmentation and dissolution in hypothermia groups. Compared with the NT group, the expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated, and the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were downregulated in three hypothermia groups (P<0.05). The above experimental results were superior in MHT15 min group to MHT 2 h group, and the therapeutic effect in MHT 2 h group was similar to MHT 4 h group. Conclusion The proper delayed mild hypothermia treatment could inhibit neuronal apoptosis and alleviate brain damage.