Objective: To investigate the awareness of adolescent sexual knowledge among primary school students in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into adolescent sex education. Methods: In May 2021, grades 5 and 6 students were sampled from 5 primary schools in urban areas and 5 primary schools in suburban areas of Hangzhou City. The demographic features, awareness of adolescent sexual knowledge and sources of acquiring adolescent sexual knowledge were investigated using electronic questionnaires, and the awareness of adolescent sexual knowledge were analyzed among primary school students. Results: Totally 1 812 students completed valid questionnaires, including 861 grade 5 students ( 47.52% ) and 951 grade 6 students ( 52.48% ), 936 boys ( 53.86% ) and 836 girls (46.14%), and 912 students living in urban areas (50.33%) and 900 students living in suburban areas ( 49.67% ). The awareness rates of adolescent physiological knowledge, adolescent health knowledge, private parts and sexual harassment behaviors were 53.20%, 46.30%, 60.49% and 92.55%, respectively, and the awareness rates of adolescent physiological knowledge ( 69.52% vs. 39.14%; χ2=168.001), adolescent health knowledge (55.74% vs. 38.22%; χ2=55.619 ), private parts ( 72.49% vs. 50.20%; χ2=93.550 ) and sexual harassment behaviors ( 96.05% vs. 89.55%; χ2=27.621 ) were significantly higher in girls than in boys ( all P<0.05 ). The awareness rates of adolescent physiological knowledge ( 63.72% vs. 41.58%; χ2=88.989 ), private parts ( 64.56% vs. 55.98%; χ2=13.926 ) and sexual harassment behaviors ( 93.80% vs. 91.17%; χ2=4.509 ) were significantly greater among grade 6 students than among grade 5 students ( all P<0.05 ), and the awareness rates of adolescent physiological knowledge ( 69.96% vs. 36.22%; χ2=207.041 ), adolescent health knowledge (58.99% vs. 33.44%; χ2=118.903 ) and sexual harassment behaviors ( 96.16% vs. 88.89%; χ2=34.754 ) were significantly higher among students living in urban areas than among students living in suburban areas ( all P<0.05 ). Primary school students mainly acquired sexual knowledge from their parents ( 1 208 students, 66.67% ) and teachers ( 1 161 students, 64.07%), and the source of life was the predominant demand for sexual knowledge ( 969 students, 53.48% ). Conclusions The awareness of adolescent sexual knowledge remains to be increased among grade 5 and 6 primary school students in Hangzhou City. More attention paid to male students and students living in suburban areas, and building a school-family-community educational network are recommended to increase the awareness of adolescent sexual knowledge among primary school students.

This study was aimed to examine the effect of TREK-1 silencing on the function of astrocytes. Three 21-nucleotide small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes (siT1, siT2, siT3) targeting TREK-1 were constructed. Cy3-labeled dsRNA oligmers were used to determine the transfection efficiency in cultured astrocytes. TREK-1-specific siRNA duplexes (siT1, siT2, siT3) at the optimal concentration were transfected into cultured astrocytes, and the most efficient siRNA was identified by the method of immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting. The proliferation of astrocytes tranfected with TREK-1-targeting siRNA under hypoxia condition was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The results showed that TREK-1 was expressed in cultured astrocytes. The dsRNA oligmers targeting TREK-1 could be transfected efficiently in cultured astrocytes and down-regulate the expression of TREK-1 in astrocytes. Moreover, the down-regulation of TREK-1 in astrocytes contributed to the proliferation of astrocytes under hypoxia condition as determined by cell cycle analysis. It was concluded that siRNA is a powerful technique that can be used to knockdown the expression of TREK-1 in astrocytes, which helps further investigate the function of TREK-1 channel in astrocytes under physicological and pathological condition.

This study was aimed to examine the effect of TREK-1 silencing on the function of astrocytes. Three 21-nucleotide small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes (siT1, siT2, siT3) targeting TREK-1 were constructed. Cy3-labeled dsRNA oligmers were used to determine the transfection efficiency in cultured astrocytes. TREK-1-specific siRNA duplexes (siT1, siT2, siT3) at the optimal concentration were transfected into cultured astrocytes, and the most efficient siRNA was identified by the method of immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting. The proliferation of astrocytes tranfected with TREK-1-targeting siRNA under hypoxia condition was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The results showed that TREK-1 was expressed in cultured astrocytes. The dsRNA oligmers targeting TREK-1 could be transfected efficiently in cultured astrocytes and down-regulate the expression of TREK-1 in astrocytes. Moreover, the down-regulation of TREK-1 in astrocytes contributed to the proliferation of astrocytes under hypoxia condition as determined by cell cycle analysis. It was concluded that siRNA is a powerful technique that can be used to knockdown the expression of TREK-1 in astrocytes, which helps further investigate the function of TREK-1 channel in astrocytes under physicological and pathological condition.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Silencing ; physiology ; Potassium Channels ; Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo establish the indexes and weights of risk assessment of shellfish poisoning outbreak caused by red tide.

METHODSThe risk assessment indexes were developed with the methods of literature review, brainstorm and expert consultation, and the weights of indexes were calculated by the method of analytic hierarchy process. The established indexes contained the risk possibility, impacts of public health, population vulnerability and resilience. The relative risk indexes(integrated risk indexes) of different shellfish poisoning were computed by combining hierarchy process and TOPSIS methods. Moreover, the weights of indexes were further used to generate absolute risk values by multiplying indexes.

RESULTSFour primary indexes and 17 secondary indexes were identified for risk assessment of shellfish poisoning outbreak. Of 17 secondary indexes, the knowing rate of shellfish poisoning, medical accessibility, the number of people being affected, laboratory testing capacity and the habits of eating seafood of local residents had relatively large weights (0.0876, 0.0840, 0.0716, 0.0703 and 0.0644, respectively), which accounted for nearly 38% of the total weight. All consistency ratio (CR) were less than 0.1. The index system was applied in Cangnan county of Zhejiang province. The results showed the relative risk indexes of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) were 0.4526, 0.7116, 0.1657 and 0.2884, and the absolute risk values were 0.2542, 0.2668, 0.1907 and 0.2184, respectively. The risk orders of the 4 kinds of shellfish poisoning sorted by relative risk indexes and absolute risk values were consistent.

CONCLUSIONSThe indexes and weights of risk assessment of shellfish poisoning outbreak caused by red tide are established, which can provide scientific advice for prevention and control of shellfish poisoning outbreak.

Animals ; Disease Outbreaks ; Harmful Algal Bloom ; Humans ; Marine Toxins ; Risk Assessment ; Seafood ; Shellfish Poisoning