Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT),a highly effective,safe and non-invasive therapeutic method,exerts good therapeutic effects on various diseases in dermatology,such as actinic keratosis,condyloma acuminatum,acne,and so on.The major drawback of PDT is pain during the treatment.Some patients have to interrupt or terminate the treatment because of pain intolerance.Some progress has been made in the management of PDT-related pain.It has been revealed that multiple factors are associated with PDT-related pain,including individual factors,lesion characteristics,therapeutic parameters (such as light sources,photosensitizers).Many methods can be used to manage PDT-related pain,including local cooling,oral analgesics,two-step irradiance protocol,topical anesthesia,injection anesthesia,inhalation anesthesia,transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation,hypnosis.

The present study aimed at exploring different roles of the same compound in different environment, using preparative HPLC, and the significance to investigating bio-active constituents in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the basis of holism. In this study, the depletion of target component ferulic acid (FA) by using preparative HPLC followed by antioxidant activity testing was applied to investigate the roles of FA in Angelicae Sinensis Radix (DG), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX) and their combination (GX). The antioxidant activity was performed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity testing. FA was successfully and exclusively depleted from DG, CX, and GX, respectively. By comparing the effects of the samples, it was found that FA was one of the main antioxidant constituents in DG, CX and GX, and the roles of FA were DG > CX > GX. Furthermore, the effects of FA varied at different doses in these herbs. This study provided a reliable and effective approach to clarifying the contribution of same compound in different TCMs to their bio-activities. The role of a constituent in different TCMs might be different, and a component with the same content might have different effects in different chemical environments. Furthermore, this study also suggested the potential utilization of preparative HPLC in the characterization of the roles of multi-ingredients in TCM.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Antioxidants ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Cholecystolithiasis with choledocholithiasis (CCL) is a common disease.The removal of common bile stone is a challenge for the surgery.This paper discussed the clinical application of three stone removal techniques including direct stone removal,irrigation and stone extraction by basket under cholangioscopy in order to take the stones effectively and safely,shorten the procedure time,avoid the injuries of common bile duct wall caused by the repetition of a single method such as biliary endoscopic stone extraction,reduce the difficulty of taking stone and enhance recovery of patients.

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are identifiable by four spatially conserved Cysteine residues in their primary structure or by two disulfide bridges in their tertiary structure according to the previously identified olfactory specific-D related proteins. A genomics- and bioinformatics-based approach is taken in the present study to identify the putative CSPs in the malaria-carrying mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. The results show that five out of the nine annotated candidates are the most possible Anopheles CSPs of A. gambiae. This study lays the foundation for further functional identification of Anopheles CSPs, though all of these candidates need additional experimental verification.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the new rural cooperative medical system in Hunan from 2003 to 2009 and to provide reference for scientific decision making. METHODS: We dynamically analyzed the participation rate, fund raising and fund operation efficiency of the new rural cooperative medical system in the past 7 years. RESULTS: From 2003 to 2009, the participation rate increased from 60.7% to 91.22%, funding increased from 30 to 100 yuan/person, degree of hospitalization income from 26.75% to 41.63%, hospitalization rate from 4.57% to 8.26%, and cost of hospitalization times from 2389.46 to 2518.00 yuan. CONCLUSION Implementation of the new rural cooperative medical system is indeed a boon to farmers, and the enthusiasm of farmers' participation is significantly improved. We must strengthen the supervision of the designated medical institutions, to effectively reduce health care cost and the burden of medical expense of farmers.
China ; Cooperative Behavior ; Delivery of Health Care ; trends ; Hospitalization ; economics ; Humans ; Rural Health Services ; economics ; organization & administration

Objective To investigate the MSCT manifestations of hepatic fat-poor perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). Methods CT and pathological findings of 8 patients with hepatic fat-poor PEComa confirmed by surgery were assessed retrospectively.Results 8 cases had solitary lesion,all lesions with round or round-like shape.The largest diameter ranged 20-110 mm.The fat density was not measured by CT scan.6 lesions composed of solid component,and solid part showed obviously enhancement on arterial phase.On portal venous phase and parenchymal phase,the tumors showed equal or low or slightly high density.2 lesions showed cystic necrosis,peripheral enhancement on arterial phase,1 lesion showed continuous enhancement and the enhancement degree increased,and another lesion showed reduced enhancement.All lesions had tortuous vascular in the center of lesions or at the peripheral.Immunohistochemistry examinations showed that HMB45,Melan-A and SMA were positive in all cases,CD31,CD34 and S-100 expressed positive in partial cases. Conclusion The CT findings of hepatic fat-poor PEComa are lack of specificity.When the enhancement and clearance pattern of liver mass is similar to hepatocellular carcinoma or adenoma,the clinical history does not support the diagnosis,may consider the possibility of PEComa when tortuous vascular in the center of lesions or at the peripheral on arterial phase.

Objective To investigate the effect of nursing intervention in prevention of pulmonary infection in emergency intensive care unit.Methods A total of 75 patients who were treated in EICU from June 2014 to July 2015 were selected as control group,given routine nursing,and another 78 patients from August 2015 to October 2016 were selected as experimental group,given nursing intervention for pulmonary infection.The incidence of pulmonary infection,pulmonary infection time,EICU stay,adverse events,and nursing work satisfaction of two groups were compared.Results The experimental group had lower incidence of pulmonary infection,shorter pulmonary infection time and hospital stay,and lower incidence of wound infection than that in the control group(P ＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was 10.3％,which was significantly lower than 26.7％ in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The satisfaction of the experimental group was 91％ (71/78),which was higher than 91.0％ (56/75) of the control group.Conclusion The prevention of pulmonary infection nursing process in EICU can significantly reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection,shorten the length of hospital stay,so it is worthy of popularization and application.

Objective To establish a standard and simple method of the neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) animal model by the environment simulation equipment. Methods Seventy-five newborn mice at age of 24 hours were randomLy divided into 5 groups. Group A1 group, A2 group and A3 group were given artificial feeding, discontinuities cold/hypoxia exposure and LPS gavage. Group B was only given artificial feeding. Group C was a control group. Mice were sacrificed after being fed for 84 hours. Intestinal histopathology was scored. Results There was statistically significant between group A1, group B and group C (P<0.05). In addition, all the repeated tests were obtained a same result. Conclusion The NEC animal model established by environmental simulation experiment was coincidence of the character of patho-physiology for NEC and improved the poor repeatability disadvantage, which made the NEC model device more normal-izes. Thus, the model was very suitable to research NEC.

Objective To investigate the effect of nursing intervention in prevention of pulmonary infection in emergency intensive care unit.Methods A total of 75 patients who were treated in EICU from June 2014 to July 2015 were selected as control group,given routine nursing,and another 78 patients from August 2015 to October 2016 were selected as experimental group,given nursing intervention for pulmonary infection.The incidence of pulmonary infection,pulmonary infection time,EICU stay,adverse events,and nursing work satisfaction of two groups were compared.Results The experimental group had lower incidence of pulmonary infection,shorter pulmonary infection time and hospital stay,and lower incidence of wound infection than that in the control group(P ＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was 10.3％,which was significantly lower than 26.7％ in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The satisfaction of the experimental group was 91％ (71/78),which was higher than 91.0％ (56/75) of the control group.Conclusion The prevention of pulmonary infection nursing process in EICU can significantly reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection,shorten the length of hospital stay,so it is worthy of popularization and application.

The present study evaluated the effect of non-thermal plasma on skin wound healing in BalB/c mice. Two 6-mm wounds along the both sides of the spine were created on the back of each mouse (n=80) by using a punch biopsy. The mice were assigned randomly into two groups, with 40 animals in each group: a non-thermal plasma group in which the mice were treated with the non-thermal plasma; a control group in which the mice were left to heal naturally. Wound healing was evaluated on postoperative days (POD) 4, 7, 10 and 14 (n=5 per group in each POD) by percentage of wound closure. The mice was euthanized on POD 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 (n=1 in each POD). The wounds were removed, routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned and HE-stained. A modified scoring system was used to evaluate the wounds. The results showed that acute inflammation peaked on POD 4 in non-thermal plasma group, earlier than in control group in which acute inflammation reached a peak on POD 7, and the acute inflammation scores were much lower in non-thermal group than in control group on POD 7 (P<0.05). The amount of granular tissue was greater on POD 4 and 7 in non-thermal group than in control group (P<0.05). The re-epithelialization score and the neovasularization score were increased significantly in non-thermal group when compared with control group on POD 7 and 10 (P<0.05 for all). The count of bacterial colonies was 10(3) CFU/mL on POD 4 and <20 CFU/mL on POD 7, significantly lower than that in control group (10(9) CFU/mL on POD 4 and >10(12) CFU/mL on the POD 7) (P<0.05). It was suggested that the non-thermal plasma facilitates the wound healing by suppressing bacterial colonization.