BACKGROUND:Neural stem cells(NSCs)have the potential of self-proliferation and multiple directional differentiation,and can differentiate into various cells in the neural system under a certain condition.Therefore,NSCs have good prospect in repair of nerve injury.However,RNA interference avoids the abuse of permanent gene silencing,and is hopeful to combine with NSC transplantation for treating craniocerebral injury.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the Nogo-66 receptor(NgR)gene silencing in NSCs can enhance curative effects of stereotaxic intracerebral transplantation of NSCs on traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats.METHODS:A total of 60 male Wistar rats following TBI establishment were randomly assigned to 3 groups(n = 20).In the experimental group,NgR gene silencing NSC suspension(6 μL)was injected into rat brain tissue following 24 hours of model induction.In the control group,an equal volume of NSC suspension was infused by the same method.In the blank group,an equal volume of medium without stem cells was infused by the same method.At 24 hours,3 days,1 and 2 weeks following injury,neurological deficits were scored.Two weeks later,animals were sacrificed and subjected to immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Following transfection of small interfering RNA,compared with control group,NgR gene protein expression was significantly reduced in the experimental group.At 1 and 2 weeks following transplantation,neurological deficit score was significantly leas in animals undergoing NSC transplantation in the experimental group compared with the control group(P＜0.05).Moreover,neuron number in the brain tissue sections of experimental group was significantly more than in the control group(P＜0.01).At 2 weeks following injury,hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that brain tissue breakage at damaged site as scar connection,remarkable porosis in the blank group;typical morphological changes as neural cells at the transplanted site in the control group;typical morphological changes as neural cells without cavity in the experimental group.Immunohistochemistry showed(37.92±16.02)BrdU-labeled positive cells/high-power field in the blank group,(89.68±15.34)cells/high-power field in the control group,and(102.67±13.52)cells/high-power field in the experimental group.Significant differences were detected between groups(P＜0.01).The above-mentioned results indicated that the NSCs of NgR gene silencing transplanted into the injured cerebral tissues can significantly improve the neurological function in rats with TBI.

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitudes and impact factors related to voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)for HIV/AIDS among migrants in Minhang district of Shanghai.Method Using a convenience sampling strategy,74 migrants,27 key informants and 20 community service providers were selected to participate in in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.Results Most migrants were young,less educated and poorly aware of HIV prevention.Only one third of the migrants heard of VCT,but few of them knew where to seek VCT or had any personal VCT experience.Nearly half of the interviewees took a negative attitude towards those who participated in VCT service.The main factors influencing the participation in VCT service among the migrants were the knowledge of VCT,having risk behavior and perception,supportive environments and availability of HIV/VCT services.Conclusions There is an urgent need to promote extensive health education about HIV/VCT,adopt flexible and available approaches to VCT service and provide appropriate care following the HIV test among migrants.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic angiomyolipoma. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 8 cases of hepatic angiomyolipoma in terms of clinical findings,image,pathologic examination and surgical treatment.Results Correct preoperative disgnosis was made in only 1 case, 4 were misdiagnosed as malignancy. All 8 cases underwent hepatectomy with an uneventful recovery and without recurrence at follow up.Conclusions Hepatic angiomyolipoma is characteristic of clinical as well as image features, although it is often difficult to make correct diagnosis before operation owing to low incidence and variable imaging appearances.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the upper lip defect with lower cross-lip flap (Abbe-Estlander flap).Methods A total of 68 cases of upper lip defect underwent the reconstruction with cross-lip flaps.We applied Abbe flap in upper lip defect in the center,and Estlander flap in lateral upper lip defect.This method was a two-stage procedure:the first stage was to rotate flap 180 degrees into the upper lip defect and to suture with the created defect of the upper lip,with careful maintenance of blood supply from the pedicle; the second was to undertake the division of bridged pedicle and paid more attention to creation of the vermilion border.Results The flaps survived in all cases.Evaluation from 3 to 12 months after the operation showed that the shape of lips were obviously repaired with excellent aesthetic and functional results.Conclusions Abbe-Estlander flap could reconstruct anatomical features and function of the lip precisely.It seems that within certain limits (probably between one-third and one-half of total upper lip length),this flap appears to be the preferred method for upper lip reconstruction.

BACKGROUND:Research has been proved that Fasudil,a Rho kinase inhibitor,can effectively inhibit the onset of secondary spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the synergistic effect of bone marrow masenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantion and Fasudil on motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experimant was performed at institute of Endocrinology,Tianjin Medical University from November 2008 to March 2009.MATERIALS:A 1-month-old SD rat was obtained to extract BMSCs.Another 30 healthy female SD rats were used to establish spinal cord injury models,and they were then randomly divided into single injury group,cell transplantation group,and cell transplantation + Fasudil group,with 10 rats for each group.Fasudil was provided by Tianjin Hongri Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.METHODS:One week after modeling,spinal cord injury was exposed in the cell transplantation group and cell transplantation+Fasudil group,and 10 μL BMSC suspension was inserted into the injured region.Otherwise,6 hours later rats in the cell transplantation +Fasudil group were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg Fasudil,twice a day for one successive week.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Hindlimb motor function was detected using inclined plane test.The Phosphorylated-ERM protein expression was detected by hernatoxylin-eosin staining,pathology and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) nerve trace,and Western blot.RESULTS:Eight weeks after modeling,degree of inclined plane was significantly increased in cell transplantation group and cell transplantation + Fasudil group compared with single injury group (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01);while the increased value in the cell transplantation group was significantly greater than cell transplantation + Fasudil group (P ＜ 0.05).Broken myeloid tissue and cavitation were observed in the single injury group;a few of neuraxis-like structures were observed in the cell transplantation group and cell transplantation + Fasudil group,but the cavity in the cell transplantation group was larger than cell transplantation + Fasudil group.HRP-pesitive nerve fibers were detected at T_8 segment or even above in the single injury group and increased in cell transplantation group,in particular in cell transplantation + Fasudil group.Phospho-ERM protein expression in the single injury group and cell transplantation group was significantly greater than cell transplantation + Fasudil group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:BMSC transplantation can promote hindlimb motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury,while the combined application of cell transplantation and Fasudil may cause a synergistic effect.

Purpose To assess the diagnostic value of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in patients with lung cancer. Materials and Methods Computer-based retrieval was performed on Medline, PubMed, EMbase, Wanfang data, CNKI and the Cochrane Library to search reports on diagnostic value of lung cancer with 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS), and MetaDisc software was adopted to conduct meta-analysis. The pooled specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. The heterogeneity was tested. The summary receiving operating characteristic (SROC) curve was drawn, and the areas under the curve (AUC) as well as Q* were measured. Results Ten studies were included. Meta-analysis showed pooled sensitivity was 0.88, pooled specificity was 0.56, DOR was 9.10, AUC was 0.8102, Q*was 0.7448 for FDG group;pooled sensitivity was 0.79, pooled specificity was 0.78, DOR was 12.50, AUC was 0.8440, Q*was 0.7756 for FLT group. Conclusion Both 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT have well diagnostic value for lung cancer, but the specificity of 18F-FLT is higher than that of 18F-FDG in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the correlations of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with fibrosis and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) score in pancreatic cancer .Methods Eighteen patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer were per‐formed conventional MR imaging ,DWI examinations .ADCs were measured with region of interest method on a “Single slice” .The wax blocks of 18 patients with pancreatic cancer were received Masson staining and FAP immunohistochemical staining .The correla‐tions of ADC with levels of fibrosis and FAP scores of pancreatic cancer were assessed by Pearson correlation analysis .Results The mild negative correlation between ADC value of cancerous foci and fibrosis was not significant (r= -0 .459 ,P=0 .056) .Significant negative correlation was found between ADC values of moderate and high differentiation cancerous foci and fibrosis (r= -0 .564 ,P=0 .044) .Significant negative correlation was found between ADC value and FAP score (r= -0 .497 , P=0 .036) .Conclusion The negative correlations are found between ADC and fibrosis ,FAP score of pancreatic cancer .DWI will be helpful to infer the pathologi‐cal characteristics .

Objective To investigate the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR) and asymptomatic carotid plaques and their stability in high-risk stroke population.Methods Between December 2012 and April 2015,a total of 39 944 permanent resident population ≥40 years were used as subjects of the survey from 11 rural communities in Haitou Town,Banzhuang Town and Tashan Town,Ganyu District,and 9 urban communities in Xinpu District and Haizhou District,Lianyungang City using epidemiological survey method of cluster sampling.Excluding those who took lipid-lowering drugs within 3 months and had a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack,6 592 people at high risk of stroke were finally screened out.Ultrasound was used to detect carotid plaques.The subjects were divided into plaque-free group and plaque group.The latter was further divided into stable plaque group and unstable plaque group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factor for carotid plaques and their stability.The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of LHR on carotid plaques.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was an independent risk factor for carotid plaques,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was an independent protection factor of carotid plaques.Using the lowest quintile (Q1) of LHR as a reference,carotid plaque risk increased significantly with the increasing LHR (Q2:OR 1.448,95％ CI 1.082-1.937,P =0.013;Q3:OR 2.414,95％ CI 1.754-3.322,P＜0.001;Q4:OR 2.939,95％ CI 1.945-4.441,P＜0.001;Q5:OR 4.884,95％ CI 3.143-7.115,P＜0.001).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of LHR predicting carotid plaques was 0.795 (95％ CI 0.792-0.807;P＜ 0.001),and the optimal cut-off value was 3.00 (sensitivity 68.37％,specificity 75.65％).LHR ≥3.92 (LHR in the Q4 and Q5 subgroups) was an independent risk factor for unstable carotid plaques (OR 2.915,95％ CI 2.104-4.040;P＜0.001).The AUC of the LHR predicting unstable carotid plaques was 0.658 (95％ CI 0.633-0.684;P＜0.001).Conclusions LHR was an independent predictor of carotid plaques in high-risk stroke patients.It had higher predictive value for carotid plaques,and its conversion threshold for promoting plaque formation was 3.00.When LHR was ≥3.92,there was a significant increase in the risk of unstable carotid plaques.