Ionimplantationtechniqueisamethodthatprocessingthematerialsurfacesinordertochangetheirsurfacechemical,physical and mechanical properties in vacuum environment.Titanium and titanium alloys modified by different types of ions can change their surface properties and characteristics,thereby improving the osseointegration and antibacterial properties of titanium implant.This review summarizes the researches of titanium implant surface modified by different ions implanting.

Objective To monitor the function of infection on myelination in white matter damage,neonatal Wistar rats of postnatal day 2 (P2) and postnatal day 7 (P7) were injected intraperitoneally with the same doses of lipopolysaccharides (LPS),and 2',3 '-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were labeled in immature oligodendrocytes and mature oligodendrocytes.To investigate the function of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α according to test the change of TNF-α expression in the brain.Methods Ninty-six neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (each group 24 rats):group A:LPS (5.0 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on P2 ; group B:LPS (5.0 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on P7 ;group C1 and C2 were control groups in which equal amount of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally on P2 or P7.The expression of CNPase at 24 h after injection and MBP at P14 in brain tissue of each group were measured by immunohistochemistry and express of TNF-α mRNA at 4 h after the injection was measured by RT-PCR.Results Punctate hemorrhage in the corpus callosum,external capsule and intraventricular hemorrhage were seen in group A.Periventricular leukomalacia appeared in the corpus callosum and glial cells hyperplasia could be seen periventricular in P14 rat brains,but not found in the group B and any of the saline-injected rat brains.Compared with group C1 and C2 respectively,CNPase-positive cells showed obvious decrease in the area of white matter in periventricular in group A(106.93 ± 2.62 vs 113.67 ± 2.69,P ＜ 0.01) and group B (96.37 ± 1.82 vs 101.65 ± 2.01,P ＜ 0.01).Following LPS treatment in group A,the protein expression of MBP in neonatal brain decreased evidently compared with group C1 at P14 (128.21 ± 2.99 v s 134.81 ± 2.98,P ＜ 0.01),while no significant change was found between group B and group C2(134.77 ±3.68 vs 134.81 ±2.98,P ＞0.05).After 4h of the LPS treatment,the level of TNF-α mRNA was greatly increased in group A,it was significantly higher than that in group B (1.79 ± 0.04 vs 1.18 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of LPS to the development neonatal rats can lead to dysmyelination and white matter damage.The expression of TNF-oα mRNA increased significantly in these immature neonatal rats,while only myelination delay occurred in those of mature neonatal rats without dysmyelination.

OBJECTIVE:To test the static balance function of boys aged from 6 to 8 years and then to establish a system of evaluating the static balance function.METHODS:A total of 388 boys aged from 6 to 8 years were randomly selected from 16 kindergartens of 8 counties(cities)in 4regions of Hebei Province.The inclusive cdteria were as follows:no systematic training of sports,no myopia,normal body shape and no obvious obesity.The balance force-measuring plates made by Hefei Institute of Intelligent of Chinese Academy of Sciences,computer and the supporting software were adopted.The subjects received an indoor test of 6 testing postures,namely,standing on two feet with eyes open(and closed),standing on left leg with eyes open(and closed),standing on right leg with eyes open(and closed).Six indexes relating to balance abilities including the mean of X direction,the mean of Y direction,R value,track length per unit time and track location variance of the envelop area.RESULTS:The original screening of all indexes showed that 6 kinds of postures reduced to 4 and that indexes reduced from 36 to 24.The second screening with cluster analysis which was conducted to the 4 kinds of postures showed that 24 indexes reduced to 17 when selecting typical indexes from each cluster.The third screening with factor analysis showed that 7 out of the 17 indexes were remained.Seven representative indexes corresponding to these 7 factors were concluded and considered as the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the static balance.The comprehensive static balance evaluation index systems for 6-year-old.7-year-old and 8-year-old boys were established respectively.CONCLUSION:Three systems for evaluating the static balance function of the boys aged from 6 to 8 years are established successfully based on 7 indexes.The evaluation of static balance function should be based on the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indexes.The evaluation indexes for 6-year-old,7-year-old and 8-year-old boys are identical in number,but different in content.Accordingly,a specific evaluation index system should be established for them separately.

Objective To investigate the correlation of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level with serum albumin, serum total bilirubin and thrombin time in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods RandomLy selected from January 2014 to June 2016 to our hospital diagnosis and hospitalization of 200 cases of cirrhosis patients, according to the standard of Child-Pugh classification provided by Chinese Medical Hepatology Division in 2006, 48 cases were Child A group, 96 cases were Child B group and 56 cases were Child C group.The plasma BNP, serum albumin, serum total bilirubin, prothrombin time and QTc interval of electrocardiogram were analyzed in the clinical data of each group of patients and the correlation between plasma BNP and their correlation.Results The levels of plasma BNP in Child A, B and C groups were higher than those in B group and B group.The correlation between plasma BNP and Child's grade showed a positive correlation, and the results of each group were statistically different (P<0.05).The plasma BNP level was negatively correlated with ALB ( P<0.05 ) .The level of plasma BNP was positively correlated with ALB ( P <0.05 ) .The correlation between plasma BNP and PTIL was correlated with TBIL.The correlation between plasma BNP and TBIL was significantly correlated with TBIL ( P <0.05), The higher the plasma BNP, the regression analysis showed that plasma BNP and TBIL were positively correlated, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The correlation between plasma BNP level and QTc was analyzed.The QTc interval of plasma BNP level was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01 ) , and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.01 ) .Conclusion The plasma BNP level in patients with liver function is closely related to ALB, TBIL, PT, QTc interval, and has the value of evaluating and predicting liver function.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of point injection in treating lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.Methods:One hundred and fifty-six patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion were randomly allocated to an observation group of 80 cases (mecobalamin injection)and a control group of76 cases(vitamin B12 injection).Injection at Jiaji (Ex-B 2)points corresponding to the spinal segments of the pressed nerve roots was performed.Results:The efficacy rate Was 86.3% in the observation group and 78.9% in the control group.There was a statistically significant difference in curative effect between the two groups (P＜0.01).Conclusion:The results indicate that the clinical curative effect of acupoint injection of mecobalamin is significantly better than that of point injection of vitamin B12 in treating lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of frozen shoulder treated by penetrating needling and manipulation Methods: 336 cases of frozen shoulder were randomly divided into treatment group, treated with needling Jianyu (LI 15) toward Jianqian (Ex) and Manipulation, and control group, treated with needling Jianyu (LI 15) toward Jianqian (Ex). The scores of shoulder movement and the changes of infrared image were observed before and after treatment. Results: The therapeutic effects were better in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Penetrating needling combining with manipulation is effective in treating frozen shoulder.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of tuina combined with electroacupuncture (EA) in treating lateral humeral epicondylitis. ＜br> Methods: Totally 118 patients were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group, 59 cases in each. The patients in the treatment group were treated with tuina combined with EA treatment, while those in the control group were treated by EA alone. Clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared after the treatment. ＜br> Results: The total effective rate was 93.2% in the treatment group, versus 84.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). ＜br> Conclusion: Tuina combined with EA treatment for lateral humeral epicondylitis has a significant effect.

Objective; To investigate the stress distribution in implant-bone interface with different pitches by three-dimension finite element analysis method in order to decide the best design of thread parameters for stress distribution. Methods: Built three-dimension finite element models of partial mandible and dental implant with superstructure. The stress distributions in bone and three kinds of implants whose pitches were 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mm respectively, under axial and oblique 45 degree to axle concentrated load. Data were analyzed by Cosmos/works software. Results;The maximal Von-Mises stress, tensile stress and compressive stress of implant with 0.8 mm pitch were lower than others, the stress distribution was even. The stresses in the same model under oblique load were much higher than those under axial load. The stress concentrated more on implant neck, upper part of cortical bone and the lowest thread on implant. Conclusion; The pitch of implant has effect on stress distribution in implant-bone interface and the transmission of occlusal force. The lower threads on implant should be cut to avoid the concentration of stress, and the non-axial force should be reduced as possible as we can or avoided when we design and make implant denture.

Objective To understand the cause of chest pain (precordium indisposition) in children and explore the thread of thought in its analysis.Methods Clinical data of 314 children with chest pain who visited the cardiovascular department for children of our hospital were collected and analyzed to study its causes.Results The cause could be attributed to organic cardiac diseases in 43 of 314 children (13.7%) with chest pain,to non-organic cardiac diseases in 108 (34.4%),to psychiatric-psychological factors in 60 (19.1%) and to unknown cause in 41 (13.1%).Average age of children with organic cardiac diseases was younger than that of children with other causes (P<0.05).Symptoms accompanied simultaneously in children with organic cardiac diseases were much more frequent significantly than those in them with non-organic cardiac chest pain and unknown causes (P<0.05).Conclusions Chest pain in children could be caused by a few causes,which was non-specific symptom for organic cardiac diseases,so, more should be taken into account in analyzing the cause of chest pain in children.

BACKGROUND: Electro-acupuncture therapy shows good central and peripheral analgesic effects. Several studies have shown that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism underlying electro-acupuncture treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: A total of 80 healthy male 3-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into normal, model, electro-acupuncture and drug groups. Rat models of knee osteoarthris were estbalished by ligating the femoral veins and forcing rats to do activies. At 1 month after knee osteoarthris induction, the electro-acupuncture group rats received electro-acupuncture therapy at two acupoints Neixiyan (EX-LE4) and Dubi (ST 35) with a depth of 0.1 cun (pulse 2 Hz, 20 minutes, once a day). The drug group rats were intraarticularly administerd sodium hyaluronate (0.1 mL/administration, once a week). After 2-week treatment, synovial tissue of the knee joint was harvested to determine the exprssion of TGF-β1, TGF-β1 receptor Ⅰand TGF-β1 receptor Ⅱ. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 expression in synovial tissue of the knee joint was significantly increased after knee osteoarthris (P < 0.05), but after electro-accupuncture therepy or sodium hyaluronate treatment, TGF-β1 expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), moreover, TGF-β1 receptor Ⅰ, Ⅱ expression was signficantly decreased (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that electro-acupuncture for treatment of knee osteoartheis improves the symptoms of osteoarthris by downregulating TGF-β1 expression, and reduction in TGF-β1 receptor Ⅰ, Ⅱ expression promotes the recovery of knee osteoarthris.