Objective To investigate the effect of norepinephrine infusion at 0.03-0.3 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 on renal function in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Methods Thirty-two ASA Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients aged 22-64 yr weighing 44-88 kg undergoing kidney transplantation were studied. Dialysis was performed within 36 h before operation. Blood pressure was fairly stable. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) was performed. Spinal anesthesia was performed at L2,3 interspace and hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine 10-15 mg was injected into the subarachnoid space. The upper level of sensory block measured by pin-prick reached T6. Epidural catheter was placed at T11,12 interspace and 1% ropivacaine was given intermittently. The patients were randomly allocated into preoperative baseline level (increase or decrease amplitude ＜ 10% of baseline level) by dopamine or norepinephrine infusion during operation. Venous blood samples and urine samples were obtained at the end of operation and 12 h after operation for determination of serum concentrations of cystatin C and β2-microglobulin and urine α1- and β2-microglobulin concentrations. Urine was collected and the volume was recorded. Meanwhile the consumption of furosemide administration during the 12 h after operation was recorded. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to age, M/F sex ratio, body weight, the volume of urine and fluid infused, and the consumption of furosemide. There was no significant difference in serum cystatin C and β2-microgiobulin and urine α1- and β2-microglobulin concentratious, urine volume and consumption of furosemide administration between the transplantation without adverse effect on kidney allograft function.

Objective To develop ELISA kit stabilizer for each component ,with which the shelf life of kit could meet the com-mercial need .Methods A series of stabilizers for microplate ,enzyme-labeled antibody and standards were prepared by the means of experience and orthogonal approach ,through controlled trials ,screening out the best stabilizer formulations .Results A kind of coa-ted stabilizer (mass fraction :bovine serum albumin 0 .5% ,gelatin 0 .25% ,trehalose 5% ,PEG4000 0 .1% ) and a kind of enzyme la-beled antibody stabilizer (mass fraction :Bovine serum albumin 1% ,peptone 1% ,sucrose 10% ,trehalose 5% ,PEG4000 0 .25% ) were screened out .Conclusion The ELISA kits can be stable at 4 ℃ for 1 year after treated with the obtained stabilizers .

Objective To investigate the expression of Pin1 and cyclin D1 in human pancreatic carcinoma and to discuss its role in oncogenesis of pancreatic cancer.Methods The mRNA expression of Pin1 and cyclinD1 in pancreatic tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent nontumor tissues 27 patients was detected by the real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RQ-RT-PCR).The results of RQ-RT-PCR were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact probabilities test.Results Cyclin D1 and Pin1 were overexpressed at mRNA level in pancreatic carcinoma tissues compared with their adjacent nontumor tissues.Cyclin D1 overexpression were found in 14 of 20 pancreatic carcinoma tissue specimens and Pin1 overexpression in 13 of 20 carcinoma tissue specimens.The expression of cyclin D1 and Pin1 in pancreatic cystadenoma tissues was not different than that of corresponding adjacent nontumor pancreatic tissue.Pin1 overexpression positively correlated with an increase in cyclin D1 levels as shown by Fisher's exact probabilities test.However,Pin1 and cyclin D1 expression was not correlated with clinical stage and pathological parameters.Conclusions The overexpression of Pin1 in pancreatic carcinoma tissues could promote cyclin D1 expression,which might be a critical event in oncogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma.Pin1 may play a key role in pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of predeposit autotransfusion in operation of the patients with lumbar disc protrusion.Methods Fifty patients of transfusion with lumbar disc protrusion were assigned into two groups by stratified sampling randomly,30 patients whose blood were predeposited before operation in experimental group,and the other 20 patients whose blood were not predeposited before operation in control group.The blood loss,the blood requirements during operations,the hemotological routine indexes and the complications related to blood transfusion were compared respectively.Results The blood loss of experimental group [ (720 ± 665 ) ml ] perioperative period was lower than that of control group [ ( 1060 ± 558 ) ml ],but there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).All the patients in experimental group went through perioperative period safely without allogenic blood transfusion.Hemoglobin,red blood cell and white blood cell were not significantly different between two groups before and after operation for 3,7 days (P＞ 0.05 ),the platelet count after operation for 7 days was significantly different between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).No complication was observed in experimental group but 1 case with complication was observed in control group.Conclusions Predeposit autotransfusion is an effective to avoid homologous blood transfusion and its complications for the patients with lumbar disc protrusion.Furthermore,the clinical effect is not significantly different between the predeposit autotransfusion patients and the allogenic blood transfusion patients.

Objective To investigate the influence of non-dipper blood pressure rhythm on peripheral atherosclerosis in elderly hypertensive patients.Methods The 199 elderly hypertensive patients with 24-hour average systolic blood pressure＜140 mmHg were selected.Body mass index (BMI),glycosylated hemoglobin,blood lipids,uric acid,creatinine,Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV),ankle arm index(ABI) and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were tested and calculated.The elderly patients were divided into dipper hypertensive group (n=95),and non-dipper hypertensive group (n=104).The relationships of arteriosclerosis with lifestyle and the circadian rhythm of blood pressure (non-dipper hypertension) were analyzed.Results Circadian blood pressure rhythm,age,levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride and serum creatinine,nocturia times,and smoking index were significantly related with atherosclerosis.There was a relationship between circadian blood pressure rhythm and baPWV,with the greatest standardized regression coefficient of 0.439.There were obviously linear relationships between levels of serum creatinine,nocturia times,age and ABI.There were significant differences in baPWV,ABI and smoking index between dippers and non-dippers groups [(1746.0±246.9) vs.(2115.7±321.8),(1.14±0.10) vs.(1.11±0.18),(251.8±272.8) vs.(368.5±339.9),P＜0.05 or 0.001].The multiple linear regression analysis showed that smoking index was significantly correlated with baPWV,but not correlated with blood pressure rhythm.In the ROC curve of MAP difference percentage and baPWV diagnosis result,the area under the curve was 0.8188,the optimal cut-off was 10.9％,the sensitivity was 62.5％ and the specificity was 85.7％.In the ROC curve of MAP difference percentage and AMI diagnosis result,the area under the curve was 0.7589,the optimal cut-off was 8.1％,the sensitivity was 88％,and the specificity was 61％.These results reflected that there were better consistences between MAP difference percentage and baPWV,ABI,and indirectly indicted that there was a relationship between MAP difference percentage and atherosclerosis.Conclusions We advise the elderly patients to give up the bad habits,help them control the systolic blood pressure,and advise them to adjust the medication time according to the circadian rhythm of blood pressure of every elderly hypertensive patient in order to restore the normal circadian blood pressure rhythm and delay the atherosclerotic process.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the quantitative results,the semi-quantitative scores from ultrasound elastography and the distribution of myofibroblasts (MFS)in breast tumor,and to analyze the value of quantitative results and the semi-quantitative score from ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of breast tumor.Methods Thirty eight patients with breast lesions underwent ultrasound elasticity examinations,tissue dispersion quantitative analysis technique was used to assess the 11 characteristic quantities and the corresponding strain ratios in all lesions,and the score of ultrasonic elastography was evaluated.38 cases were divided into benign and malignant group according to pathological diagnosis results.The expression levels of CD34 andα-SMA protein in breast tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry.The distribution patterns of MFS in breast tumor were analyzed. The correlation between the quantitative results, the semi-quantitative scores from ultrasound elastography and the distribution of MFS in breast tumor was studied.Results The expression level of CD34 in malignant group was significantly higher than that in benign group, while the expression level of α-SMA was significantly higher than that in benign group;the differences in the expression levels of CD34 andα-SMA between benign and malignant breast tumor patients were statistically significant (P < 0.01 ).The masses observed in malignant group by elastography were shown in blue,while most of the masses in benign group were shown in green.There were statistically significant differences between two groups in elastography scores (P < 0.05 ). There was a anegative correlation between the CD34 expression in tumor tissue and the score of ultrasound elastography (r=-0.423 7,P =0.027 3).There was a negative correlation between the CD34 expression and the score of ultrasound elastography (r=-0.423 7,P =0.027 3),while the positive correlation was found between theα-SMA expression and the score of ultrasound elastography (r=0.397 0,P =0.014 2).The CD34 expression was significantly correlated with the average relative strain value,entropy,area ratio of low-strain region,kurtosis, skewness and inverse difference moment (P <0.05).Among the 11 characteristics,CD34 was positively correlated with the average relative strain value (r=0.385 6,P =0.016 8)and entropy (r=0.380 5,P =0.018 5);CD34 was negatively correlated with area ratio of low-strain region (r = - 0.351 7,P = 0.030 4),kurtosis (r =-0.427 7,P =0.007 4),skewness (r=-0.394 6,P =0.014 2),inverse difference moment (r = -0.344 3, P =0.034 3),angular second moment (r = - 0.484 9,P = 0.002 0)and strain ration (r = - 0.379 0,P =0.047 5);CD34 was not correlated with standard deviation,complexity and contrast (P > 0.05).The α-SMA espression was positively correlated with kurtosis (r = 0.356 9,P = 0.027 8),skewness (r = 0.323 0,P =0.047 9),area ratio of low-strain region (r=0.382 0,P =0.021 6)and strain ratio (r=0.403 3,P =0.012 0). Conclusion The features and its scores of ultrasound elastography are correlated with the distribution of MFS in breast tumor,suggesting that the ultrasound elastography is very informative and helpful in the diagnosis of breast tumor.

Based on the construction and management practice of the morphologic experimental center in Xi'an Medical University, the achievements in laboratory daily operation and institutional man-agement were summarized in the area of lab rules and regulations, instrument and equipment, experiment teaching, lab environment and safety, lab staff administration and so on. The management work has been refined using the practice model of resource sharing, system administration, individual responsibility, and unified staff supervision. The lab rules and responsibilities were also effectively implemented on specific person. Taking the opportunity in teaching evaluation at the experimental center, the lab connotation con-struction was further strengthened. The evaluation system was thoroughly examined in order to look for gaps and promote the lab construction. Further work could be carried out on the laboratory software and hard-ware, such as instrument and equipment update, experimental teaching system reformation in morphology, promotion on multidisciplinary integration and unified management of lab staff.

Objective To investigate the changes of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 gene expression in lungs with acute injury induced by acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis(AHNP) in rats.Methods Forty SD male rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=10),and AHNP group(n=30).Of all the rats,the lungs were dissected for lung histological scores and bronchoalveolar lavages were harvested for lung injury index.TLR2,4mRNA expression in the lungs was measured by RT-PCR at different time points.(Results) TLR2,4mRNA could be detected in lungs with low values in sham-operated group;but they were markedly increased at 3 hours in AHNP group,peaking at 6~12 hours(P

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of chrysotile on the activities of some enzymes for xenobiotics metabolism.

METHODSUICC chrysotile (UC) and China Mangya chrysotile (MC) asbestos fibers were used at different doses (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/L) to study its effects on the activities of cytochrome P4501A1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in A549 cell line. Also, the effects of chrysotile on the activities of CYP1A1 and GST induced by benzo(a)pyrene were studied.

RESULTSThe activity of EROD increased slowly with the increasing dose of UC, as A549 cells were incubated with UC for 24 h, and EROD activity increased by 40% at a dose of 200 mg/L UC. However, activity of EROD decreased by 32% with 48 h incubation at the same dose, indicating that lower dose of UC and short time could induce the activity of EROD in A549 cells, whereas higher doses and long time could inhibit its activity. MC exhibited a multiphasic effects on the activity of EROD, whether at a dose of 25 mg/L for 24 h or 48 h all gave the strongest induction, 1.86 times or 1.28 times as controls, respectively. However, EROD activity decreased with the increases in MC doses and incubation time, with the lowest as 35% of the controls. The effect of UC on GST activity was not so obvious, with the highest as the increase in its activity by 20%. The highest induction of MC to GST activity was at a dose of 25 mg/L, 2, 5 times as that in controls. With the increases in its doses, effects of MC on GTS activity became inhibition from induction, like that on EROD activity. MC at a dose of 200 mg/L could lower the activity of GST by 18.7%. A549 cells were incubated with chrysotile fiber for 24 h firstly, and then incubated with benzo(a)pyrene to induce the activities of EROD and GST. The results showed that neither UC nor MC could affect the activity of EROD induced by benzo(a)pyrene. However, UC at a dose of 200 mg/L and MC at 100 mg/L could increase the activity of GST induced by benzo(a)pyrene.

CONCLUSIONChrysotile at different doses or its different types showed varied effects on the activities of EROD and GST in A549 cell lines, probably because of different physicochemical characteristics and surface activity of two kinds of asbestos.

Asbestos, Serpentine ; toxicity ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Induction ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Autophagy is a degradative process of eukaryotic cell, which plays a vital role in human health. Autophagy imbalance is associated with many diseases. It has been reported that vitamin D can regulate the autophagy in different levels, including induction, nucleation, as well as elongation to maturation and degradation, which affects the occurrence and development of the disease. However, its action mechanism has not been systematically elaborated, and a deeper understanding of the mechanism of vitamin D-regulated autophagy is helpful to guide the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. The review described the mechanism of vitamin D affecting autophagy to provide theoretical basis for guiding basic and clinical research.