BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that Wnt signaling pathways play an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism and regulation of the Wnt signaling pathways, as wel as Wnt signaling pathway effects on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
METHODS:A computer-based search of PuMed database and CNKI database from September 1998 to March 2013 was performed to search related articles. The key words of“Wnt, mesenchymal stem cells, Wnt signaling pathways, osteoblastic differentiation, canonical wnt signaling pathway, non-canonical signaling pathway”in English or Chinese were used to search the articles in the title and the abstract. A total of 31 articles were included to review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Wnt signaling pathways play a critical role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway, non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and their mutli-factors were involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells can be promoted effectively via specific induction of Wnt signaling pathways. Wnt11, FZD6, sFRP2, sFRP3 and Ror2 expressions increase, while Wnt9a and FZD7 decreases during the regulation. However, the relations of factors in Wnt signaling pathways and how to use the mechanism of Wnt signaling for promoting mesenchymal stem cells faster, more accurate differentiation need further studies.

Abstract Objective: To observe relationship among sICAM-1、TGF-?1, and cellular factor level changes in the sera of patients with chronic viral hepatic disease, viral replication and clinical significance.Methods;The sICAM-1 .TGF-?1, ,IL-1,IL-8 and TNFa level changes in the sera of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CH), chronic severe hepatitis B(CSH) and hepato-cirrhosis(HC) were detected by FJ-ISA. Re-sults: The sICAM-1, IL-1, IL-8 and TNFa levels in sera of patients with chronic viral hepatic disease were significantly higher than those of healthy group( P

Objective To explore the clinical effect of two different connecting tubes in hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion. Methods A total of 25 patients were selected and divided into observation group and control group by self- control method. In the observation group, the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion was used 8 times, and the control group was treated with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion 8 times using conventional connecting tube. The time of the unloading of the perfusate and the amount of physiological saline required were compared between the two groups. There was no blood spillover during the unloading of the perfusate, the number of cases of allergic reaction during the treatment, and the coagulation of the dialyzer and the pipeline after the treatment. Results There was no allergic reaction in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of saline needed to return blood (t=46.412, P=0.307). In the control group, there was 15 cases of blood spillover, while the observation group did not show blood spillover. There was significant difference between the two groups in unloading perfusion time(4.43±0.14)min vs. (3.02±0.11) min (t=10.784, P=0.003). The level Ⅰ and Ⅱ blood coagulation of dialyzer and pipeline was 12, 2 cases in the control group after the treatment and 5, 0 case in the observation group, no level Ⅲ blood coagulation cases, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=10.667, P<0.01). Conclusion In the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion therapy, multi-function group of the application effect is superior to conventional piping, is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and accuracy of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in assessment of fracture healing. Methods Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups, ie, Croup A (union model group, transverse fracture open created on mid-shaft of tibia and inter-fixed by kirschner wire) and Group B (non-union model group, transverse fracture with 5 mm defect on mid-shaft of tibia open created, then sealed with bone wax on fracture gap and medulla cavity, inter-fixed by kirschner wire). At 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, Kirschner wire was withdrawn and plain X-ray and QCT scanning were performed on the bilateral tibia. Then, rabbits were scarified and its bilateral tibia were desected and histologically examined. The result of X-ray and histological analysis was used as the "golden standard" for evaluation of fracture healing. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the evaluation performance of QCT. The corresponding segments of the contralateral healthy tibia were used as control to investigate the change of QCT parameters. Results In Group A, X-ray and histological analysis verified clear fracture line filled with irregular callus at 2 and 4 weeks but proved vague or vanishing fracture line and continuous and intact cortex of irregular callus at 8 and 16 weeks. In Group B, X-ray and histology analysis found clear fracture line with inactive ossification at 2 and 4 weeks but vague fracture line with scarce osteocyte and bone trabecula at 8 and 16 weeks. ROC analysis of QCT results showed the following results; (1) the areas under curve (accuracy) of material parameters including bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were 0.781 and 0.750 respectively; (2) structure parameter-cross-sectional area (CSA) and the area under curve of cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) were 0.781 and 0.469 respectively (P <0.05); (3) the areas under curve of the extending parameters bone strength indices (BSICSA) and CSMI bone strength indices ( BSICSMI) were 0. 913 and 0. 813 respectively (P < 0.05); (4) the area under curve (accuracy) of BSICSA, CSA and BMD were 0.905, 0.921 and 0.905 respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions QCT has potential in distinguishing fracture union and nonunion models in measurement of local fracture pattern. The screening parameters with more accuracy are BSICSA, CSA, BMD, which have advantages of accuracy and specialty in assessing fracture healing.

Objective:To construct the human DcR3 expression vector and verify its expression in vitro. Methods: 915 bp human DcR3 gene CDS was amplified from porcine lung tissues,and was cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pEF1a-IRES-DsRed-Express2 which show red fluorescence. And then pEF1a-IRES-DsRed-Express2-DcR3 was transfected into LX-2 cells by FuGene HD. Expression of mRNA and protein lever of Human DcR3 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results:The levels of DcR3 gene transcription and translation in the hepatic stellate cells were significantly increased after transfection with pEF1a-IRES-DsRed-Ex-press2-DcR3 by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Conclusion: DcR3 expression vector was successfully constructed and highly expressed in LX-2 cells.

ZnO nanoparticles ( ZnO NPs ) were obtained by a direct precipitation method. With the as-prepared ZnO NPs as seeds, Au/ZnO heterostructure was synthesized by seed-mediated growth method without any surfactant, and the diameters of ZnO NPs and Au NPs were about 50 nm and 10 nm, respectively. Then ionic liquids (ILs), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([P(C6)3C14] [ Tf2 N] ) , and functionalized graphene ( GN ) were prepared under room temperature. The ILs as bridges could connect Au/ZnO heterostructure to form a new kind of graphene nanocomposite, Au/ZnO/GN. Then the penicillinase and hematein were immobilized on Au/ZnO/GN. And the biosensors based on penicillinase-hematein-Au/ZnO/GN (PH-AZG) were used for detecting penicillin G. In PBS buffer solution (pH 7. 0), PH-AZG exhibited a detection range from 2 . 5 × 10-14 to 3 . 3 × 10-6 mol/L with a detection limit of 1 . 5 × 10-14 mol/L (S/N≥3). Five PH-AZG electrodes were prepared with the same conditions, and the RSDs for their current response were less than 3. 2%. Furthermore, the standard curves were linear in the range of 5× 10-14-5×10-7 mol/L for milk. The average recoveries were 99. 7%-101. 4% with RSDs of 2. 3%-3. 5%(n=5). The method is sensitive and repeatable, and can be applied to the field of residue analysis about penicillins G with low concentration levels.

Aim To search for colchicine derivatives which have high efficacy and low toxicity. Methods Colchicine was firstly converted into thiocolchicine, and then it was hydrolyzed to get 7-(N-deacetylthiocolchicine). At last, 7-(N-deacetylthiocolchicine) was amidated to get the target compounds. The chemical structure of these new derivatives was confirmed with 1H NMR, IR, MS, and HR-MS. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested by MTT assay. Their in vivo antitumor activity was evaluated against mice tumor H22 and U14. Results Twelve thiocolchicine derivatives are new compounds. Conclusion In vitro antitumor activity has showed that some of these thiocolchicines possessed cytotoxic activity superior to colchicine. However, in vivo antitumor activity indicated that these derivatives have poor efficacy in mice.

Objective: To observe relation among sICAM-1 level in the sera of patients with chronic viral hepatic disease, viral replication and the clinical significance. Methods: The level changes of sICAM-1, IL-1,IL-8 and TNFa in the sera of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CH),chronic severe hepatitis B(CSH) and hepatocirrhosis (HC) were detected by ELISA. Results: The levels of sICAM-1,IL-1,IL-8 and TNFa in sera of the patients with chronic viral hepatic disease were significantly higher than those of healthy control group(P<0.01). The bilirubin level in the sera of patients with chronic viral hepatic disease of different clinical types positively correlated with sICAM-1 and cytokine activities. The sICAM-1 level in the sera of HBV-DNA or HBeAg positive patients was significantly higher than those of negative patients(P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion: The sICAM-1 level and activities of cytokine IL-1,IL-8 and TNFa as well as the bilirubin level in the sera of the patients can reflect the necrosis degree of hepatocytes, and the sICAM-1 level and activities of IL-1,IL-8 and TNFa were related to state of HBV carrier or the active degree of HBV in patients with hepatic disease.

Objective To compare the effect of treating hyperglycemia on insulin pump therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and the patients with failure to oral antidiabetic therapy. Methods Selecting 32 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM(NDM group)and 64 T2DM patients with failure to oral antidiabetic therapy(ODM group),which were treated by insulin pump,having no significant difference of the level of blood glucose,body mass index(BMI),age,proportion of sex between NDM group and ODM group. Results (1)The mean time and the maximal dosage of insulin for blood glucose to be targeted in NDM group were all lower than those in ODM group(P all

Objective To develop a novel colorimetric method for detecting the tumor biomarker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) based on aptamer and magnetic beads.Methods The capture aptamer was hybridized to urease functionalized single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and immobilize on the surface of magnetic beads by specific biotin-avidin binding.In the presence of VEGF,aptamers bound to VEGF to form a specific stem-loop structure to release the urease functionalized ssDNA.After separation,the supernatant was transferred to a tube and urea and phenol red were added.Urease hydrolyzed urea to produce ammonia to cause an increase of the pH value and a color change of phenol red.The results were inspected with either the naked eyes or by a UV spectrophotometer.Results Under optimized conditions,the detection system showed a good linear relationship for VEGF detection in the range of 0.1 to 10 pmol/L with a detection limit as low as 0.06 pmol/L.The results of VEGF detection in the serum of patients with lung cancer were consistent with those using an ELISA Kit.The results of examination of 10 serum samples with this aptamer-based method and ELISA kit showed that the accuracy of this method was 90％.Conclusion This aptamer-based system provides an simple and convenient method for VEGF detection with a high sensitivity and selectivity.