Objective To discuss the characteristics,growth and development of atlantoaxial pedicle in preschool children,and to provide the basic theoretical basis for the design,production and clinical application of pedicle screw technique in the treatment of atlantoaxial disease in preschool children.Methods Excluded patients with atlantoaxial fractures,deformities,tuberculosis and tumor,the clinical data of 60 children aged from 3 to 6 years old with cervical spondylolisthesis were collected.The original CT images were reconstructed in DICOM format and the subjects were reconstructed with Mimics software.The subjects were grouped by age to measure and analyze the atlantoaxial pedicle correlation.Results The pedicle width(PW),pedicle height(PH) and total length of pedicle bone channel (PL) increased gradually with age.The PW/PH ratio of the vertebrae(C1) is greater than 1.0,and that is, the width of the pedicle of the C1 pedicle is greater than the height.The PW/PH ratio of the vertebral (C2) is less than 1.0,which means the width of the pedicle of the C1 pedicle is less than the height.Conclusion The growth and development of spine in preschool children are fast, and the pedicle of atlantoaxial calculus in different age groups has different developmental characteristics.In this study,the diameter of the pedicle of the atlantoaxial pedicle in the 3 to 6 year old children is increasing with age.The pedicle screw with the smallest diameter of 3.5 mm can be implanted into the atlantoaxial pedicle with feasibility in theory.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the multiple-frequency probe tones tympanograms and the normal ranges of admittance, susceptance and conductance in normal newborns. METHOD: Tympanometries with 226 Hz, 678 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tones were obtained from newborn infants with normal TEOAE and DPOAE(55 infants, 110 ears), analysed multiple-frequency prone tones tympanograms and values of admittance, susceptance and conductance by using GSI-33 middle ear analyzer. RESULT: 226 Hz tympanograms for admittance, susceptance and conductance main were W-shaped, the percentages were 90.0%, 99.1% and 85.5%. 678 Hz tympanograms for admittance, susceptance and conductance main were single-peaked, the percentages of single-peaked type were 62.7%, 77.3% and 62.7%, and the percentages of W-shaped type were 34.6%, 20.9% and 31.8%, had a little three-peaked type. 1000 Hz tympanograms for admittance, susceptance and conductance main were single-peaked, and percentages were 96.4%, 99.1% and 97.3%, and had a little W-shape type but no three-peaked type. There were significant differences between admittance and susceptance, susceptance and conductance in 226 Hz and 678 Hz probe tones tympanogram. There were significant differences between admittance and susceptance, susceptance and conductance, admittance and conductance in 1000 Hz probe tones tympanogram. CONCLUSION Multiple-frequency probe tones tympanograms and the normal ranges of admittance, susceptance and conductance of normal newborn infants is obtained, and 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry is a sensitive test for function of middle ear in newborn infants.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Reference Values

Objective: To analyze the antimicrobial resistance profile in Chinese children. Methods: This was a prevalence survey. From January 1 through December 31, 2016, the isolates were collected from 10 tertiary children hospitals in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by routine laboratory methods. The penicillin susceptibility of streptococcus pneumonia and Meropenem susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria were detected by E-test and disk diffusion method respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility results were interpreted according to the criteria of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guideline 2016. The data of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates from either the different patients (neonatal group and non-neonatal group) or various sources were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software. Results: A total of 56 241 isolates were collected, of which 41.5% (23 328 isolates) were gram-positive organisms and 58.5% (32 886 isolates) gram-negative organisms. The five leading pathogens were Escherichia coli (7 995/56 214, 14.2%), Straphylococcus aureus (6 468/56 214, 11.5%), Streptococcus pneumonia (6 225/56 214, 11.1%), Haemophilus influenza (5 435/56 214, 9.7%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (4 523/56 214, 8.0%). The Meropenem resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumonia isolates were 27.4% (326/1 189) , 8.1% (29/358) , 2.0% (27/1 362) , 19.5% (34/174) , 49.7% (230/463) in neonatal group and 15.4% (512/3 327) , 4.8% (40/841) , 2.3% (151/6 564) , 13.7% (252/1 840) , and 53.4% (860/1 611) in non-neonatal group. The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates of neonatal group and non-neonatal group were 46.2% (649/1 404) and 33.3% (1 668/5 010) . The penicillin non-susceptible rates of Streptococcus pneumonia in the two groups were 17.6% (6/34) and 18.2% (1 121/6 158) respectively. The β-lactamase positive rates of Haemophilus pneumonia isolates in the neonatal group and non-neonatal groups were 33.8% (47/139) and 44.4% (2 345/5 282) respectively. Conclusion This investigation highlights the worrisome trend of antimicrobial resistance in children, especially among neonatal patients in China.

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence， recovery rate and associated factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） among residents aged 65 years old and above in Xinqiao Community of Songjiang， Shanghai， and to provide basic data for further efficient community management. MethodsData of annual geriatric physical examination program for residents aged 65 and above were collected in Xinqiao Community， Songjiang from 2016 to 2022. Those residents who participated twice or more were included in this analysis. Data were collated into longitudinal form. For each participant， data of the first physical examination was used as baseline， and each subsequent examination was taken as follow-up. Incidence and recovery rate of NAFLD were calculated. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the associated factors and their changes with the onset and recovery of NAFLD. ResultsDuring the study period， a total of 11 983 residents participated in physical examinations， of which 8 644 participated twice or more， and 8 154 had no history of excessive alcohol consumption. B-ultrasound showed that there were 5 267 residents without NAFLD and 2 887 with NAFLD at baseline. After a median follow-up of 3.3 years， the incidence density of NAFLD in this population was estimated to be 11.5 per 100 person-years， and the recovery density was 23.4 per 100 person-years. The incidence density of NAFLD was negatively associated with age， and positively associated with baseline BMI， abdominal obesity， high fasting blood glucose， and high triglycerides. The recovery density was negatively associated with baseline BMI and abdominal obesity. Compared with those with normal BMI at both baseline and follow-up， those with persistent obesity showed the highest risk of NAFLD （males： HR： 3.19， 95%CI： 2.16-4.70； females： HR： 3.34， 95%CI： 2.46-4.54） and the lowest potential of recovery （males： HR： 0.58， 95%CI： 0.42-0.82； females： HR： 0.58， 95%CI： 0.44-0.77）. Persistently high triglycerides were also associated with a higher risk of developing the disease. ConclusionResidents aged 65 years old and above in Xinqiao， Shanghai had a higher incidence and recovery rate of NAFLD. Women， being obese and having hyperlipidemia are at a higher risk for the development and persistence of NAFLD.