Reduced blood flow is the principle pathophysiologic event in acute ischernic stroke.Hence,flow augmentation is the most important goal in stroke management.Improvement of cerebral blood flow can be accomplished by proximal arterial recanalization or by other systemic approaches.Diastolic counterpulsation is a non-invasive method to improve the perfusion of heart,kidneys and brain.This review summarizes the history,possible mechanism and the role of external counterpulsation in ischemic stroke.

AIM: To establish the preparative method of dispersible tablet of total notoginseng saponin (DTTNS) by powder direct compression,and to evaluate it pharmaceutical characteristics. METHODS: The effect of factors on the disintegration of DT-TNS was investigated by single factor method,and the formulation was optimized through orthogonal design. RESULTS: The disintegration time of DT-TNS containing 40% total notoginseng saponin was within 1 min while the formulation mainly consisted of 49% MCC as filler,12% of PVPP mixed with 3% L-HPC as disintegrating agent. In addition,the dissolution of DT-TNS was almost finished in 10-15 min. CONCLUSION: The preparative method of DT-TNS by powder direct compression is simple,with short disintegration time and high dissolution rate.

Objective To investigate the value of PET-CT in TNM staging and three-conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) in esophageal carcinoma. Methods From September 2007 to November 2008, 20 patients with pathologically confirmed esophageal carcinoma were enrolled, including 2 treated with surgery and 18 with 3DCRT. All the patients received PET-CT simulation before the treatment. The length and maximum transverse diameter of Grit based on esophagoscope, esophagography, CT, PET-CT_(SUV2.5) and PET-CT_(40%SUVmax) were compared. The TNM stages were compared based on CT and PET-CT images. Three treatment plans were produced and analyzed based on images of CT, PET-CT_(SUV2.5) and PET-CT_(40%SUVmax),respectively. Results The length of lesion on esophagoscope, esophagography, CT, PET-CT_(SUV2.5) and PET-CT_(40%SUVmax) was 4. 93 cm, 5.06 cm, 6. 67 cm, 5. 89 cm and 4. 84 cm, respectively. The corresponding maximum transverse diameter on the last 3 images was 4. 05 cm, 3.38 cm and 2. 95 cm, respectively. In all, 31, 21 and 14 positive lymph nodes were identified according to CT images, PET-CT images and the both. Five patients with CT diagnosed stage M_0 were found to have distant metastasis by PET-CT images, and 1 patient with CT diagnosed stage M_1 was excluded by PET-CT. The volumes of GTV_(CT) were similar with GTV_(SUV2.5) in 2 patients, smaller in 5 patients, and larger for the remaining 13 patients. For these 13 patients, the radiation dose of normal tissues based on GTV_(SUV2.5) was relatively lower. Conclusions The length of lesion based on PET -CT_(SUV2.5) matches the pathological length best , followed by esophagography. With PET-CT_(40%SUVmax) the actual lesion length may be underestimated. TNM stage might be changed by PET-CT, and then the target volumes and radiation doses of normal tissues might be reduced.

Background and purpose:Epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of gynecologic cancers and overall survival rates have improved little in the last 20 to 30 years. CXXC ifnger protein 5 (CXXC5) plays an important role in AML (acute myeloid leukemia) and MDS (myelodysplasia). However, little is known about its clinical signiifcance and biological function in epithelial ovarian cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the CXXC5 in ovarian cancer and the effect of the CXXC5 on ES-2 cell proliferation. Methods:①The alteration of CXXC5 in cancer genomics data of TCGA (Cancer Genome Atlas) was analyzed.②The CXXC5 protein in the tissue chips was detected containing 37 benign ovarian cyst and 173 malignant tumor samples. The relationship between the expression of the CXXC5 with the clinicopathological features of patients with ovarian cancer was analyzed by SPSS software;③The cells with the highest CXXC5 expression quantity from 5 ovarian cancer cells were selected by re-al-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot.④ES-2 cells with shRNA stable transfection were construted us-ing the strategy of lentivirus infection and analyzed cell proliferation by cell counting kit-8(CCK8). Results:①Through the TCGA database, CXXC5 ampliifcation was found in 7 of 563 cases.②The CXXC5 expression in ovarian malignant carcinoma (39.3%) was higher than that in benign ovarian cyst (13.5%, P=0.003), the histologic type was highly asso-ciated with CXXC5 (43%in serous, 22.9%in mucinous, 23.5%in endometrioid, 67%in clear cell, P=0.014) and there was a signiifcant correlation between CXXC5 and lymph node metastasis (positive vs negative, P=0.022).③The ES-2 cells with shRNA stable transfection had a growth disadvantage (P<0.05). Conclusion:The CXXC5 gene might have an advantage in proliferation of epithelial ovarian carcinoma and be expected to become the biomarker of poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the stability and degradation kinetics of Ketoprofen-Paeonol conjugate (Ket-Pae).

METHODRP-HPLC method was used to determine the solubility and partition coefficient of Ket-Pae. Stability test was carried out to investigate the factors affecting Ket-Pae. The kinetic studies of Ket-Pae degradation were conducted in different pH buffer solutions and 80% rat plasma at 37 degrees C.

RESULTKet-Pae showed significant degradation phenomenon at high temperature. The solubility of Ket-Pae was decreased about 200 to 300 times compared with parent drugs in water while the lnP increased about 4 times. The degradation curve displayed a V-shape, and kept maximum stability at week acidic (pH 5.0, t(1/2) = 11.4 d). Ket-Pae degraded quickly with very short half life of 1.3 min in plasma, therefore easily released ketoprofen and paeonol.

CONCLUSIONThe lipophilicity of Ket-Pae is increased, its stability is affected by temperature and pH value.

Acetophenones ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ketoprofen ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Solubility

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: External counterpulsation (ECP) is a noninvasive method used to enhance cerebral perfusion by elevating the blood pressure in ischemic stroke. However, the response of the beat-to-beat blood pressure variability (BPV) in ischemic stroke patients during ECP remains unknown. METHODS: We enrolled recent ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls. Changes in the blood flow velocities in bilateral middle cerebral arteries and the continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure before, during, and after ECP were monitored. Power spectral analysis revealed that the BPV included oscillations at very low frequency (VLF; <0.04 Hz), low frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz), and high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.40 Hz), and the total power spectral density (TP; <0.40 Hz) and LF/HF ratio were calculated. RESULTS: We found that ECP significantly increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both stroke patients and controls. ECP decreased markedly the systolic and diastolic BPVs at VLF and LF and the TP, and the diastolic BPV at HF when compared with baseline. The decreases in diastolic and systolic BPV reached 37.56% and 23.20%, respectively, at VLF, 21.15% and 12.19% at LF, 8.76% and 16.59% at HF, and 31.92% and 23.62% for the total TP in stroke patients, which did not differ from those in healthy controls. The change in flow velocity on the contralateral side was positively correlated with the total TP systolic BPV change induced by ECP (r=0.312, p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: ECP reduces the beat-to-beat BPV when increasing the blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity in ischemic stroke patients. ECP might be able to improve the clinical outcome by decreasing the beat-to-beat BPV in stroke patients, and this should be explored further in future studies.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure* ; Cerebrovascular Circulation* ; Counterpulsation* ; Humans ; Methods ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Perfusion ; Stroke*