AIM:To investigate the functional changes and histopathological basis of Oddi's sphincter under hypercholesterolemia. METHODS:Twenty - four New Zealand rabbits were equally divided into be groups ran- domly. Experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ fed with cholesterol - added forage for 4 and 8 weeks respectively before sacri- ficed. Images, functions and histopathological characteristics of Oddi's sphincters of experimental groups were studied and compared with control group by cholangiography, catheter manometry, and quantitative analysis of nitric oxide synthase. RESULTS: The hasal pressures of proximal low - pressure segment of Oddi's sphincter of hath experimen- tal groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (20.9?6.1 mmHg, 25 .6?9.1 mmHg, respectively) were higher than those of control group sig- nificantly (11 .7?2. 8 mmHg, P

Objective To explore the role of the transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the occurrence and development of the pulmonary fibrosis as well as the synthesis and distribution of these two factors in relation to the angiogenesis process of the pulmonary tissues. Methods The rats were randomly assigned to control group (CG) and bleomycin group (BLM) with the same physical conditions. The bleomycin was introduced to the lung tissues of the rats in the BLM group to mimic the pulmonary fibrosis process. The synthesis and distribution of VEGF and TGF-?1 were observed and recorded on day 3, 7, 14, and 28 in both groups by the immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization approaches. The pathological changes of the subjects were also observed and recorded using both the light-microscope and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) on the same dates.Results The BLM group demonstrated the great significance in both of the VEGF and TGF-?1 presentation and the pathological changes in the pulmonary tissues comparing to the CG group. In the BLM group, VEGF and TGF-?1presented dramatically in the early stages of the fibrosis and this phenomenon lasted with the parallel increases of both the factors. This presentation of VEGF and TGF-?1 showed the greatest distribution on day 28 in the lung interstitial cells and the areas of the presentation corresponded to that of the new angiogenesis and the fibrohyperplacia of the pulmonary tissues. The endothelial cells of the lung capillaries were observed to demonstrate early necrosis, separation from the base, and increased penetrance followed by a great amount of angiogenesis with twisted new blood capillaries and blood embolism formation within, which continued to show on day 28 in the BLM group.Conclusion The presentation of VEGF and TGF-?1 is highly corresponded with the angiogenesis of the bleomycin treated pulmonary tissues in the rats. The continued significant presentation of these two factors may relate to the damage of the new formed capillaries or the impairment of the pulmonary tissues in rats.

Objective To study the changes and significance of sCD14 in inflammatory response of patients with gouty arthritis.Methods CD14 mRNA was measured using quantitative real-time PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).The expression of CD14 mRNA in PBMCs was compared between patients with acute gouty arthritis (AGA)(n =31)and non-acute gouty arthritis (NAGA)(n =23)and healthy controls (HC)(n =20).β-actin was selected as the internal control.The protein expressions of sCD14,IL-1βand TNF-αwere measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients’ plasma.The protein expression of CRP was measured using immunoturbidimetry in patients’ plasma. Routine blood and blood biochemistry indexes were measured by routine blood analyzer and blood biochemistry analyzer of patients with AGA,NAGA and HC.We analyzed the correlation between CD14 mRNA,sCD14 protein expression and each clinical indicator.Results When compared with that in AGA group,the mRNA expression of CD14 increased significantly in PBMCs of HC patients (P < 0.05 ).When compared with that in HC and NAGA patients,the protein expression of sCD14 increased significantly in the plasma of AGA patients (P <0.01).The protein expression of sCD14 was significantly lower in the plasma of NAGA than in HC (P <0.05).The protein expression of sCD14 increased significantly in the plasma of AGA compared with HC and NAGA (P < 0.01 ).When compared with those in HC,the protein expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α increased significantly in the plasma of AGA and NAGA (P < 0.01 ).When compared with that in NAGA,the protein expression of IL-1βincreased significantly in plasma of AGA (P <0.01). The indexes of WBC increased significantly in AGA compared with HC (P <0.01),and WBC increased significantly in NAGA compared with HC (P <0.05).The indexes of GR and MO increased significantly in AGA compared with HC (P <0.05),and MO increased significantly in AGA compared with NAGA (P < 0.05 ).The indexes of UA increased significantly in AGA and NAGA compared with HC (P <0.01).There was a positive correlation between CD14 mRNA expression and IL-1β in PBMCs in AGA group (r s =0.362,P =0.045).A positive correlation was found between GR and the protein expression of sCD14 in NAGA patients’plasma (r s = 0.397,P = 0.030 ). Conclusion The dysregulated expressions of CD14 mRNA in PBMCs and sCD14 protein in GA show that sCD14 may play a significantly regulatory role in inflammatory reaction.

Objective To compare the results of CT/MRI registration by using two different marker materials. Methods CT and MR transversal images (using electric wire and thin tube filled with lohexol injection as matching points respectively) were obtained from nine cases with brain tumor. Another CT and MR transversal images were also obtained by using the cod-liver oil capsule filled with gadopentetate dimeglumine injection as matching points with the same scanning position. The images were transferred to the TPS for image registration and the effect was evaluated. Results The CT/MRI CRE range for using different kinds of marker material was 0.16-0.28cm,while was 0.06-0.16cm for using the same marker material. Conclusion Comparing with the method using different kinds of material,the method using the same spherical material can get better results in CT/MRI registration.

BACKGROUND:A large number of clinical trials have found that the number of bone marrow stem cels at the femoral neck and proximal femur in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head is significantly reduced, accompanied by decreased activity, which causes a significant decrease in osteogenic capacity that the necrotic bone cannot be effectively repaired after absorption, leading to the colapse of the femoral head. OBJECTIVE:To probe into the early clinical efficacy of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cel transplantation with porous core decompression for treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:Forty-five patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (49 hips) were enroled in this study, and underwent autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cel transplantation with porous core decompression. After treatment, pain scores, Harris hip score, scores on the satisfaction of patients were evaluated, as wel as X-ray, CT and MRI examinations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the patients received a folow-up visit of 11-14 months, averagely (12.5±0.6) months. During the folow-up, there were no complications and serious adverse reactions. Postoperative pain scores and Harris scores were both improved significantly compared with preoperative ones (P < 0.05). At 12 months after treatment, the excelent satisfaction rate was up to 92%. Patient’s MRI low signal region accounting for a percentage of the volume of the femoral head was decreased from (40.1±7.34)% preoperatively to (20.23±5.4)% at 6 months postoperatively, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cel transplantation with porous core decompression for treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head has significantly clinical effects at early stage, which can obviously reduce joint pain, improve and restore hip joint function, and delay progression of disease.

Objective To compare the effects of two head holders on the setup errors during head and neck neoplasms radiotherapy.Methods Totally 30 patients were divided into groups A and B randomly and equally.Group A applied TypeSTM Extension for setup,and group B used Type-S Overlay Board,with thermoplastic film applied to fixation.Varian23IX image guided linear accelerator was involved in the therapy,and the patients underwent CBCT-guided therapy once a week in 6 weeks.The setup errors at left-right,head-foot and anterior-posterior directions were obtained by bone registration and manual checking.Results The absolute setup error at anterior-posterior direction of group A,was (2.31 ± 1.35) mm,which was significantly higher than (1.88±1.79) mm of group B (P=0.032).There were no obvious differences between the setup errors of group A and those of group B (P＞0.05),and the weekly absolute errors of group A were not statistically different from those of group B (P＞0.05).Conclusion There are no significant differences between the effects of the two head holders on the setup errors during head and neck neoplasms radiotherapy,and proper head holder can be selected according to clinical requirements.

50%),3 cases speculate that tubecavity didn′t change obviously between cancer lesion and bronchus.The main appearance of bronchiole near lesion distribution was presented as expressed,displacement,going round.There was not constriction obviously or blockage in tubecavity.The main appearance of histology near lesion border was presented as degenerated fibrous tissue envelope and collapse alveoli tissue by lesion expressed.Conclusion The pathological base of interface imaging asymmetry distribution in PLC is bronchial tube emphraxis,lymphatic vessel refluent obstruction,pulmonary interstitial fibrous tissue proliferation,carcinoma infiltration in cancer nodules and lung interface that cancer lesion resulted.

Objective To explore the effect of paracrine extracts derived from human adipose stem cells on white matter injury of neonatal rats and to compare the difference of therapeutive effect between the cerebellum medulla oblongata pool injection and the jugular vein injection.Method A total of 73 three-day-old SD rats were chosen to establish the model of white mater injury.After 24 hours,the 73 rats were randomized into the experimental group (n =46) and the control group (n =27).Then the experimental group was reclassified into ventricular group (n =23) and intravenous group (n =23).In the ventricular group,the paracrine extracts of human adipose stem cells was injected locally into the cerebellum medulla oblongata pool injection,while the extracts was injected into the jugular vein in the intravenous group.The control group was reclassified ventricular control group (n =15) and intravenous control group (n =12),and equivoluminal saline was injected the same way as the experimental group.Frozen sections of the brain tissue from 3 rats of each experimental group one day after injection were stained with fluorescein-conjugated streptavidin to study the distribution of the extracts.The brain tissue of 3 rats from each subgroup 3 days after injection were stained with hematoxylin eosin (HE) to observe the pathomorphological changes.While 7 days later,myelin basic protein (MBP) of white matter which was obtained from 7 rats of each group was detected by immunofluorescence staining.28 days after injection,the remaining rats were assessed by neurobehavior tests.For the rats that died during the experiment,the same number of the rats would be substituted in this study.Result The paracrine extracts were found to transfer to the brain lesion area,and the amount of the extracts was more in the ventricular group.The results of the HE staining showed that the white matter injury was more severe in the ventricular control group,and extensive area of infarction were found in this group.White matter injury was mild in the experimental group,and the structure of the corpus callosum was more complete in the ventricular group.MBP semi-quantitative scores of the ventricular group (0.7 ± 0.3) and intravenous group (1.7 ± 0.3) were lower than those of ventricular control group (3.4 ± 0.4)and intravenous control group(3.3 ±0.3).And the MBP scores of ventricular group was significantly lower than that of intravenous group (P ＜ 0.05).The scores of the neurobehavioral tests of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group,while the scores of the ventricular group were significantly higher than those of the intravenous group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The paracrine extracts derived from adipose stem cells could improve the prognosis of white matter injury,and cerebellum medulla oblongata pool injection showed better curative effect than the jugular vein injection.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of transcatheter thrombus-breaking combined with local infusion of reteplase (rPA) in treating severe pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Methods During the period from June 2010 to June 2013 at authors’ hospital, transcatheter thrombus-breaking combined with local infusion of reteplase was carried out in 26 patients (17 males and 9 females) with severe pulmonary embolism. The changes of pulmonary circulation and the cardio - pulmonary hemodynamics after the treatment were analyzed. Results The preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure, arterial blood oxygen partial pressure and the blood pressure were (63.78 ± 6.89) mmHg, (73.23 ± 11.51) mmHg and (87.35 ± 10.92) mmHg respectively, while the postoperative ones were (26.23 ± 10.27) mmHg, (93.48 ± 6.17) mmHg and(127.14 ± 13.15) mmHg respectively, and the differences between preoperative and postoperative ones were statistically significant (P<0.01). All the patients were followed up for 6 - 36 months. Significant stable clinical improvement was obtained in 25 patients, and recurrence was seen in one patient. Conclusion Transcatheter thrombus-breaking combined with local infusion of reteplase can quickly improve the pulmonary circulation and the clinical conditions for patients with severe pulmonary thromboembolism, and it has no obvious complications. This technique carries excellent value in maintaining the stability of hemodynamics.