Objective To provide better clinical management ,we use evidence‐based analysis through systematic evaluation the distribution of pathogens of neonatal nosocomial infections in China .Methods We searched from CNKI ,CBM ,VIP ,Wanfang and PubMed .The articles were selected according the criteria ,and the qualified articles were extracted related data using excel soft‐ware .The related rate were calculated and merged by using Comprehensive Meta Analysis software and selected appropriate model calculation OR value and 95% confidence interval .Results Sixty‐eight articles were included .The most common pathogens of neo‐natal nosocomial infection were Staphylococcus[32% (95% CI:27% -37% )] ,Salmonella[32% (95% CI:0% -68% )] in China . Subgroup analysis revealed:the most common pathogen of infection were Staphylococcus in the hospitals at all levels ;the most com‐mon pathogen of infection was Staphylococcus in the special hospital ,while Salmonella in the general hospital;the most common pathogen of infection was Salmonella in the eastern region ,and were Staphylococcus in the central and western region .The most common pathogen of infection was Staphylococcus from 1985 to 1999 ,and was Virus from 2000 to 2012 .Conclusion Staphylococ‐cus was the most common pathogen .

Against the deficiencies of the current preventive medicine education curriculum,training programs and curriculum were reformed according to the training objectives of the modem preventive medicine, while new ideas of preventive medical personnel training were explored in order to cultivate practical professionals with a certain ability to innovate and to adapt the development of modern public health and preventive medicine preferably.

Objective To develop a new type of electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA ) . Methods Double layers of self‐assembly immunosensor for the detection of OTA were constructed based on the composite single‐walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)/chitosan(CS) membrane immobilized on glassy carbon electrode(GC) .Scanning electron mi‐croscopy(SEM) ,square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyze the characterization of the sensor ,then its specificity for detection was studied .Results SWNTs/CS composit membrane could increase the sensitivity of OTA detection sig‐nificantly ,and effectively distinguish the different types of mycotoxins .Conclusion The electrochemical immunosensor developed in the study is easy to operate and could detect OTA rapidly with good specificity and low detection limit .

Children with pediatric tumors have better prognosis and longer survival than adults, suggesting that attention should be paid to the long-term complications induced by radiotherapy. In this article, the data from more than 40 clinical studies of pediatric tumor radiotherapy published in the recent decade were retrospectively analyzed. Long-term complications of nervous system, cardio-cerebrovascular system, respiratory system, endocrine system, urinary system, reproductive system, skeletal development, long-term secondary tumors were considered and the corresponding radiation dose-volume parameters were summarized, aiming to guide radiation oncology physicians and physicists to optimize radiotherapy plans for children with pediatric tumors.

Objective To develop and evaluate an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow assay ( UPT-LF) for detection of aflatoxin M1(AFM1) in milk powder and milk.Methods AFM1-UPT-LF was established with up-converting phosphor ( UCP) nano-particles as the bio-label of competitive mode based LF assay .Sensitivity, quantitative ability and precision were evaluated using simulated AFM 1-postive samples with serial standard concentrations .The qualita-tive and quantitative detection performance of AFM 1-UPT-LF was evaluated with reference to liquid chromatography-mass spectrography ( LC-MS) to detect samples of milk powder and milk simultaneously .Results AFM1-UPT-LF could conduct qualitative and quantitative detection without sample pretreatment within 20 min.The detection limit of AFM1-UPT-LF reached 0.1 μg/kg in milk powder and 0.3 μg/L in milk.There was good linearity ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 μg/kg and 0.3 to 0.7 μg/L for milk powder and milk, respectively.The sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) area under the curve ( AUC) of AFM1-UPT-LF for qualitative result could meet the need of national standards for AFM1 limit in dairy products.After statistical analysis, there was no significant difference (milk powder: t=0.66, P>0.05;milk:t=1.01, P>0.05) between AFM1-UPT-LF and LC-MS for quantitative detection .Conclusion The good qualitative and quantitative detection performance of AFM 1-UPT-LF for milk powder and milk makes possible on-site rapid detection of AFM1 in dairy products quantitatively .

Objective To understand the risk factors of hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP) due to Carbapenem-resistant Kleb-siella pneumonia (CRKP) ,and propose prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of hospital infection rate .Methods A total of Klebsiella pneumonia infection 73 patients with HAP ,who were treated in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Chongqing from January 2014 to March 2016 were included .The 27 cases with CRKP were assigned as case group ,46 cases with Carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumonia(CSKP) were included as control group .Univariate and the multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis was performed for the risk factors .Results Univariate analysis showed that ,before infection ,the use of antimicrobial agents≥7 days ,Carbopenems ,mechanical ventilation ≥7 days ,APACHE Ⅱ score ,and at least 11 factors were the risk factors for CRKP HAP .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ,Carbapenems ,and mechanical ventilation≥7 days before infection and APACHE Ⅱ score was an independent risk factor of CRKP HAP .Conclusion Carbapenems ,and mechanical ventilation≥7 days before infection and APACHE Ⅱ score are the independent risk factors for CRKP HAP .Rational use of antibiotics ,reducing me-chanical ventilation and doing good hand hygiene are effective measures to reduce the incidence of CRKP HAP .

To investigate molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine Rheum offcinale against Yersinia pestis, whole genome DNA microarray that contains 4005 annotated genes of Y. pestis was used. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of R. offcinale extract against Y. pestis was determined by liquid dilution method. The gene expression profile of Y. pestis was performed after exposured to R. offcinale extract at a concentration of 10 X MIC for 30 and 60 minutes. The total RNA extracted and purified from Y. pestis were reverse-transcribed to cDNA and labeled by Cy3-Cy5 dye. The labeled probes were hybridized to the microarray and the results were obtained by a laser scanner and analyzed by the SAM software. The microarray data was confirmed by RT-PCR. The platform of the DNA microarray-based bacteria transcriptional profiling was eshtablished. The results revealed general gene expression changes of Y. pestis were a global phenomenon. Down-regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in ribosome protein synthesis was a remarkable change. Genes encoding cell envelope and transport/binding proteins were the major changed genes of the Y. pestis in response to R. offcinale.
Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Down-Regulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rheum ; chemistry ; genetics ; Yersinia pestis ; drug effects

Objective:To understand the current situation of medical humanistic quality of standardized trainees for hospitalizations in Chongqing, and put forward the corresponding educational countermeasures and suggestions. Methods: According to the method of convenient sampling, 5 resident doctors standardized training base were selected with half a random, then 110 trainees were randomly selected to conduct a cognition investigation about the medical humanistic quality. EpiData 3. 0 was adopted for double entry data and SPSS22. 0 software was used for analyzing data. Results:There were 98. 06％ of standardized trainees for hospitalizations paid more attention to medical humanistic quality. In the selection of medical humanistic quality courses, 81. 55％ of the trainees chose The Doctor-patient Relationship, 77. 67％ of the trainees chose The Medical Psychology. In the evaluation of the importance of medical humanistic quality to the clinical work, 96. 12％ of the standardized trainees for hospitalizations believed that it was important. Conclusion: In order to improve the medical humanistic quality of the standardized trainees for hospitalizations, all aspects should be taken seriously:it should make efforts from the trai-nees' self-awareness, the teaching teachers' attention to the medical humanistic quality and the medical humanis-tic quality environment provided by the training base.

BACKGROUND: We aim to explore the association between self-reported snoring and hypertension among adults aged 30-79 in Chongqing, China. METHODS: A total of 23,342 individuals aged 30-79 were included at baseline from August 2018 to January 2019, and the final sample size for the analysis was 22,423. Face-to-face interviews and physical examinations were conducted by trained investigators. Logistic regression was performed to study age-specific and gender-specific associations between snoring and hypertension. RESULTS: Frequent snoring was associated with the risk of hypertension for each age and gender group, and the frequency of snoring was positively correlated with the risk for hypertension. For the three age groups (< 45, 45-59, ≥ 60), compared with the non-snoring group, those who snore often had a 64.5%, 53.3%, and 24.5% increased risk of hypertension (< 45: OR = 1.65, 95%CI 1.34-2.02; 45-59: OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.37-1.72; ≥ 60: OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.09-1.42), respectively. For men and women, those who snore often had a 46.8% and 97.2% increased risk of hypertension, respectively, than the non-snoring group (men: OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.33-1.63; women: OR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.75-2.23). CONCLUSIONS People who snore frequently should pay close attention to their blood pressure levels in order to achieve early prevention of hypertension, particularly for snorers who are female and aged under 45; importance should be attached to their blood pressure control.
Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Report ; Snoring/complications*