Objective To observe the effect of Ruzengping granule on mammary gland of rat with mastoplasia. Methods After benzoate estradiol and progestogen had been injected into rats for 35 days, the mastoplasia model was made. The model rats were treated with Ruzengping granule for 30 days, to measure the mammary papilla diameter of the rats in all groups, to observe morphologic changes of mammary papilla and the changes of mammary gland under microscope, to determine the content of estradiol in blood serum and blood rheology by radio-immunity. Results Ruzengping granule could significantly inhibit the mammary papilla's diameter of the mastoplasia rats, lessen mammary papilla’s symptoms in morphology, reduce the quantity of lobule of mammary gland, lobule-alveolus in mammary gland and the diameter of acinar lumina. Ruzengping granule could also significantly improve blood rheological nature and degrade content of estradiol in blood serum. Conclusion Ruzengping granule can healing efficaciously rat’s mastoplasia induced by benzoate estradiol.

Objective:To establish the optimal extraction technology of Xiaoer Yinqiao granules by orthogonal test. Methods:The effects of water amount,extraction duration and extraction times were investigated by orthogonal design using the contents of forsythia-side A and chlorogenic acid as the indices. Results: The optimum extraction process was as follows: adding 8-fold amount of water, and extracting 1. 5 h for the first time, and then adding 6-fold amount of water, extracting 1 h for the second and third time, respective-ly. Conclusion:The extraction technology is simple, reasonable and reliable.

Objective To observe the levels of cAMP and adenylyl cyclase(AC) in hippocampus of mice with vascular dementia(VD) and the effect of Dihydroergocriptine(DHE),and to explore the molecular pathogenesis of VD.Methods The mice were subjected for ischemia-reperfusion three times on bilateral common carotid arteries by knots to establish models of VD and the changes of learning and memory were tested on d29/d30 after operation.DHE was administrated to another group of mice,which was taken as treatment group.The cAMP level was evaluated by the radioimmunoassay;AC mRNA positive neurons of hippocampus CA1 area were examined through in-situ hybridization.Results Compared with shamed-operation group,the learning and memory of model group was worse(P

AIM: To observe the effects of diosgenin on enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity of FT-207 in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS: The inhibitory rate on tumor growth and immune function of the in tumor-bearing mice model of transplanting MFC,HepA,H_22 and S_180 tumor were measured. RESULTS: Diosgenin had significant restraining effects on MFC in mouse.It could enhance the activity of macrophage and the level of serum hemolysin. CONCLUSION: Diosgenin can enhance the anti-tumor effect of FT-207.It can also improve the immunological function and reduce the adverse reactions of chemotherapy.

Objective To study the effects of Hydergine on expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in hippocampus and actions of mice with ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods 36 mice were randomly divided into model group,Hydergine group and sham-operated group. The models of ischemia-reperfusion injury were made by knotting bilateral common carotid arteries. The behavioral abnormalities were investigated by step-down test and water maze test, and the expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in neurons of hippocampus were observed by immunohistochemistry technique. Results Compared with model group, the performance records of learning and memory in Hydergine group were better (all P

OBJECTIVETo describe a hospital outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and summarize its clinical features and therapeutic approaches.

METHODSThe outbreak started with a SARS patient from the community, and a total of 96 people (76 women and 20 men, mean age (29.5 +/- 10.3) years, 93.8% of whom were health care workers) who had exposure to this source patient became infected in a short time. Clinical data in this cohort were collected prospectively as they were identified.

RESULTS(1) The incubation period ranged from 1 to 20 (mean: 5.9 +/- 3.5) days. The duration of hospitalization was (17.2 +/- 8.0) days. (2) The initial temperature was (38.3 +/- 0.6) degrees C, while the highest was (39.2 +/- 0.6) degrees C (P < 0.001), with fever duration of (9.0 +/- 4.2) days. (3) Other most common symptoms included fatigue (93.8%), cough (85.4%), mild sputum production (66.7%), chills (55.2%), headache (39.6%), general malaise (35.4%) and myalgia (21.9%). (4) The radiographic changes were predominantly bilateral in the middle or lower lung zones. The number of affected lung fields was 1.2 +/- 0.8 on presentation, which increased to 2.9 +/- 1.4 after admission (P < 0.001). The interval from the beginning of fever to the onset of abnormal chest radiographs was (3.5 +/- 2.3) days, which increased in size, extent, and severity to the maximum (6.7 +/- 3.5) days later. The time before the lung opacities were basically absorbed was (14.9 +/- 7.8) days. (5) Leukopenia was observed in 67.7% of this cohort. The time between the onset of fever and leukopenia was (4.4 +/- 2.3) days, with the lowest white blood cell count of (2.80 +/- 0.72) x 10(9)/L. (6) The lowest arterial oxygen saturation was (94.8 +/- 3.1)% with supplementary oxygen. (7) Antibiotical therapies included tetracyclines (91.0%), aminoglycosides (83.3%), quinolones (79.2%); 18.8% of the patients received a combination of tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, while 11.5% received a combination of tetracyclines and quinolones, and 63.5% received a combination of tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and quinolones. Vancomycin was used in 13.5% of the patients. (8) 68.8% of the patients were treated with methylprednisolones for a mean interval of (4.9 +/- 2.4) days. The initial dose was (67.3 +/- 28.2) mg/d and the maximal dose was (82.4 +/- 30.5) mg/d. (9) Human gamma-globulin, interferon-alpha, antiviral drugs (oral ribavirin or oseltamivir) were used respectively in 68.6%, 46.9% and 92.7% of the patients. (10) Ninety-five patients (99.0%) had a complete clinical recovery, and only 1 patient (1.0%) died.

CONCLUSIONSSARS appears to be quickly infectious and potentially lethal among health care workers, characterized by acute onset and rapid progression, and mostly bilateral lung involvement on chest radiographs. Proper administration of glucocorticosteroids seems to be of some benefits. Antibiotics, human gamma-globulin, interferon-alpha, and antiviral drugs, although empirically, might be useful to shorten the clinical course.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross Infection ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo identify valid measures for preventing outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among protected healthcare workers in isolation units.

METHODSArchitectural factors, admitted SARS cases and infection of healthcare workers in different isolation wards between January 30 and March 30, 2003 were analyzed.

RESULTSFour types of isolation wards were analyzed, including the ward where the thirty-first bed was located on the twelfth floor, the laminar flow ward in the Intensive Care Unit where the tenth bed was located on the fifteenth floor, the ward where the twenty-seventh bed was located on the thirteenth floor of the Lingnan Building, and thirty wards on the fourteenth to eighteenth floors of the Zhongshan Building. The ratios (m(2)/m(3)) of the area of the ventilation windows to the volume of the rooms were 0, 0, 1:95 and 1:40, respectively. Numbers of SARS cases in the wards mentioned above were 1, 1, 1 and 96, respectively. Total times of hospitalization were 43, 168, 110 and 1272 hours, respectively. The infection rates of the healthcare workers in the areas mentioned above were 73.2%, 32.1%, 27.5% and 1.7%, respectively. The difference in the infection rates was of statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONSIsolating SARS cases in wards with good ventilation could reduce the viral load of the ward and might be the key to preventing outbreaks of SARS among healthcare workers along with strict personal protection measures in isolation units.

Adult ; Disease Outbreaks ; prevention & control ; Facility Design and Construction ; Female ; Hospital Units ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Isolation ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Ventilation

Objective:To investigate the long-term effect of open reduction and internal fixation and one stage rotator cuff repair in treatment of proximal humeral fractures combined with rotator cuff tear.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed on clinical data of 40 patients with proximal humeral fractures combined with rotator cuff tear admitted to Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2012 to December 2015. There were 24 males and 16 females, aged 52-93 years [(72.5±10.2)years]. According to Neer classification, there were 7 patients with two-part proximal humerus fractures, 27 with three-part proximal humerus fractures and 6 with four-part proximal humerus fractures. All patients received open reduction and internal fixation using locking plates and one stage rotator cuff repair. Functional shoulder exercises were carried out after operation. Fracture healing and wound healing were observed postoperatively. Shoulder active motion, visual analogue score (VAS) and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale were assessed and compared before operation and at the last follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 4.5-8.5 years [(6.2±1.2)years]. All wounds and fractures healed without infection or nonunion. At the last follow-up, the active forward elevation of affected shoulder was 100°-150° [(121.8±15.8)°], the external rotation with the shoulder in neutral position was 30°-80° [(47.0±15.9)°], the external rotation with the shoulder abduction was 60°-80° [(73. 5±6.2)°], the internal rotation with the shoulder abduction was 60°-80° [(70.5±7.1)°], showing significant differences compared to preoperative 30°-60° [(44.8±11.1)°], 0°-30° [(12.0±10.4)°], 0°-30° [(13.8±7.7)°], 30°-60° [(47.0±8.5)°], respectively (all P<0.01). The VAS was 1 (0, 1)points at the last follow-up, and was 6(5, 6)points before operation ( P<0.01). The UCLA shoulder rating scale was 28-35 points [(31.0±2.3)points] at the last follow-up, compared with preoperative 8-11 points [(10.3±0.8)points] ( P<0.01), and rated as excellent in 10 patients, good in 23 and poor in 7, with the excellent-good rate of 83%. Conclusion:For patients with proximal humeral fractures combined with rotator cuff tear, open reduction and internal fixation and one stage rotator cuff repair can significantly restore the shoulder motion, relieve the pain and recovery shoulder function, and the long-term therapeutic effect is satisfactory.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of baicalein （BAI） on SH-SY5Y cell injury in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-activated BV-2 cells conditioned medium and its mechanism. MethodThe BV-2 cells were activated with 1 mg∙L^-1 of LPS to establish the conditioned medium of the LPS group， and a blank group and groups of BAI with low， medium， and high concentrations （4， 8， 16 μmol∙L^-1） were established. SH-SY5Y cells were cultured with the conditioned medium of each group. The cell viability of BV-2 cells in each group after the intervention was determined by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）. The content of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in the supernatant of BV-2 cells in each group was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein expression of α-synuclein （α-syn） and tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） in SH-SY5Y cells was observed by immunohistochemical （IHC） staining， and the nuclear transfer of nuclear factor kappa-B p65 protein （NF-κB p65， p65） in SH-SY5Y cells was observed by immunofluorescence （IF）. The protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）， p65， phosphorylated p65 （p-p65）， and Myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） in SH-SY5Y cells was observed by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the blank group， the viability of BV-2 cells in the LPS group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the content of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the cell supernatant was significantly increased （P<0.01）. As compared with the LPS group， the cell viability was significantly increased in groups of BAI with low， medium， and high concentrations （P<0.01）， and TNF-α in the cell supernatant was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The content of IL-6 in the cell supernatant was decreased in the BAI group with high concentration （P<0.05）， and the content of IL-1β in the cell supernatant was significantly decreased in the BAI groups with medium and high concentrations （P<0.01）. The results of conditioned medium cultured SH-SY5Y cells showed that as compared with the blank group， the protein expression of p65 in the LPS group entered into the nucleus and accumulated， and the protein expression of TH was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while that of α-syn， TLR4， MyD88， and p-p65 was increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the LPS group， the protein expression of p65 in SH-SY5Y cells in BAI groups with low， medium， and high concentrations gradually dispersed into the cytoplasm and had the enhanced protein expression of TH （P<0.01） but the lowered protein expression of α-syn （P<0.01）. The protein expression of TLR4， MyD88， and p-p65 was decreased in the BAI group with high concentration （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the protein expression of p-p65 and MyD88 was decreased in the BAI group with medium concentration， and the protein expression of MyD88 was decreased in the BAI group with low concentration （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the protein expression of p65 among groups. ConclusionBAI can inhibit the activation of BV-2 cells， thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response caused by LPS and further inhibiting the damage of inflammation to SH-SY5Y cells. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduction of the inflammatory response， thus playing a neuroprotective role.