Objective To discuss the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCABG). Methods A total of 33 patients underwent small incision, off-pump, single-vessel direct coronary artery bypass grafting in this hospital from March 2001 to September 2003. Left anterior small thoracotomy was adopted in 14 patients, whereas partial midline sternotomy was conducted in 19 patients. The left internal mammary artery was anastomosed to the anterior descending artery in 31 patients, construction of the aorta root-anterior descending artery anastomosis using the great saphenous vein was carried out in 1 patient, and the right gastroepiploic artery was anastomosed to the posterior descending artery in 1 patient. Results The operative mortality was a zero. The intraoperative blood loss was 163?120 ml, and the postoperative drainage, 193?169 ml. The assisted respiration time after operation was 6 4?5 5 hours and the duration in ICU was 17 8?4 4 hours. Follow-up for 14 7?7 4 months found no deaths. Conclusions MIDCABG is a safe and reliable procedure, offering minimal invasion, less blood loss and fewer complications.

Objective To demonstrate the visual results and complications of an cryopexy in combination with intravitreal injection of expending gas in the therapy of primary rhegmatogenous retinaldetachment (RRD). Methods Thirty-two cases (32 eyes) were retrospectively reviewed in this study. The RRD diagnosis was confirmed by best corrected visual acuity,slit-lamp microscope,indirected ophthalmoscope and Goldman three-mirror contact lens. All patients had undergone cryopexy with intravitreal gas injection and assisted by correct body position. Patients were followed for 6 to 24 months. Post-operative BCVA,final anatomical outcome, complications and failed cases were analyzed. Results The reattachment rate of cryopexy with intravitreal gas injection was 81%(26/32 eyes). Four eyes required additional scleral buckling. Two eyes needed additional vitrectomy with intravitreal injection of expending gas (SF6).Final retinal reattachment was achieved in all 32 subjects (100%). Postoperative BCVA was significantly improved (P < 0.01). Conclusion Cryopexy with intravitreal gas injection is a simple,less trauma, lower cost and effective surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinaldetachment.

Objective To compare the efficacy of CO2 laser and conventional laryngeal microsurgery in the treatment of benign lesions of vocal cord (polyp of vocal cord) and precancerous lesions (leukoplakia of vocal cord) of patients. Methods A total of 60 patients with vocal cord polyps were selected, and randomly divided into two groups, each with 30 patients. Thirty patients with vocal cord leukoplakia were selected and randomly divided into two groups, each with 15 patients. One group was performed by cold instruments for lesion resection (conventional group), the other by CO2 laser for removal of diseased tissue or mucosal ablative surgery (laser group). Two groups of patients were examined by laryngostroboscope, electronic laryngoscopy, GRABS, VHI subjective ratings and objective voice analysis before operation and one week, one month and three months after operation. ResuIts The outcomes of those with vocal cord polyps in early recovery (1 week) laser group were slightly worse than the conventional group. In later recovery (1~3 months), with electronic laryngoscopy inspection, laryngostroboscope mucosal wave observation, the analysis of subjective and objective data from the two groups showed no significantly differences. For patients with vocal cord leukoplakia in early recovery (1 week), laser group slightly worse than the conventional group, in later recovery (1~3 months), there were no obvious difference between the two groups in electronic laryngoscopy inspection, laryngostroboscope mucosal wave observation, the analysis of subjective and ob_jective data. Follow -up operations, the recurrence rates in laser group was significantly lower than conventional group. ConcIusion The treatment by CO2 laser can significantly improve their pronunciation quality for vocal cord polyps and vocal cord leukoplakia patients, it has a good therapeutic effect, especially the long-term effective of vo_cal cord leukoplakia is better than conventional operation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of endothelial differentiation gene/lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors (Edg/LPA) and its clinical significance in human pancreatic cancer.MethodsFifty cases of pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal tissues were collected,and Real-time PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of Edg-2/LPA1,Edg-4/LPA2 and Edg-7/LPA3 receptors mRNA and protein,and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.Results The expressions of Edg-2/LPA1,Edg-4/LPA2,Edg-7/LPA3 receptor mRNA were (0.142 ± 0.042 ) ％,(0.471 ±0.064)％,(0.231 ±0.043)％ in pancreatic cancer,and the corresponding values were (0.132 ±0.029)％,(0.027 ±0.015)％,(0.163 ±0.046)％ in adjacent normal tissues.The expressions of Edg-4/LPA2 receptor mRNA in pancreatic cancer were significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues ( P ＜0.05 ).The expressions of Edg-4/LPA2 receptor protein in pancreatic cancer were significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The expressions of three types of Edg /LPA receptor mRNA in pancreatic cancer were parallel to serum CA19-9 levels.The expressions of Edg-4/LPA2 receptor mRNA were associated with tumor size,differentiation degree,and invasive ability and metastasis.While the expressions of Edg-2/LPA1,Edg-7/LPA3 receptor mRNA was associated with invasive ability and metastasis only.ConclusionsEdg-4/LPA2 receptor is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer,which suggesting the malignant biological behavior of pancreatic cancer.

The lack of effective in vitro infection model for hepatitis E virus (HEV) has greatly hindered the quantitative analysis of neutralizing titers of anti-HEV antibodies and human sera, thus impeding further studies of HEV-stimulated antibody responses and the immunological mechanisms. In order to improve this situation, the infection of HepG2 cells that are inefficient for HEV replication was continuously monitored until the viral load reached the limit of detection on day 13, the results of which confirmed the feasibility of using this cell line to establish the infection model. Then, neutralization assays of five anti-HEV murine monoclonal antibodies and serum samples collected from four HEV vaccine recipients (collected before and after vaccination) were performed by 96 multi-channel parallel infections, nucleic acid extraction, and qPCR. The results showed that the cell model can be applied for quantitative evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of different antibodies and antiserum samples from HEV vaccine recipients. In this study, we have successfully established a high-throughput in vitro HEV replication model, which will prove to be useful for the evaluation of HEV vaccines and studies of HEV epitopes.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; immunology ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; analysis ; immunology ; Hepatitis E ; immunology ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; chemistry ; immunology ; physiology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutralization Tests ; methods ; Virus Replication

To investigate the mechanism of high product specificity of gamma-clodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from alkalophilic Bacillus clarkii 7364, we aligned protein sequence and structure model, found out that loss of 6 amino acids at subsite -7 probably affected its product specificity. Using overlapping PCR method, we inserted 6 amino acids into subsite -7 of CGTase. The mutant CGTase gene was ligated with pET-20b (+) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The extracellular recombinant enzyme was used to transform soluble starch into cyclodextrins (CDs). HPLC analysis results show that, compared to wild CGTase, the gamma-CDs produced by mutant enzyme decreased from 76.0% to 12.5%, whereas the ratio of alpha- and beta-CDs increased from 8.7% and 15.2% to 37.5% and 50%. The possible mechanism was that, compared to alpha-, beta-CGTase, wild gamma-CGTase lacks 6 amino acids in its subsite -7. This conformation provided more space for glucose combination and was thus advantageous for forming gamma-CD. When the 6 amino acids were inserted into the subsite -7 of wild gamma-CGTase, the space to bind with glucose reduced and consequently resulted in less gamma-CD production.
Bacillus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mutant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective:To predict the mechanism of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix- Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (PQ-AT) in the treatment of diabetes encephalopathy (DE) using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking; To conduct experimental verification.Methods:The active components and targets of PQ and AT were screened by TCMSP database. The GeneCards and Disgenet were used to collect DE related target genes. String database and Cytoscape software were used to structure PPI network and perform visualization analysis. The common targets were imported into Metascape platform for GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding ability of active components to core targets. Rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, and a low-dose group of PQ-AT (1.08 g/kg), a high-dose group of PQ-AT (2.16 g/kg), and a metformin group (0.18 g/kg) using a random number table. To establish the rat model of diabetes encephalopathy, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was used in addition to the blank group. After a 12-week drug intervention, TNF-α and Cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) protein expression in the cerebral cortex of rats was detected using Western blot.Results:A total of 26 active components in PQ-AT and 107 related targets of DE were obtained, mainly including TNF, JUN, and PTSG2, which were mainly concentrated in TNF signaling pathway, cancer and other signal pathways. Molecular docking showed that the main active components of PQ-AT had relatively stable binding activity with TNF-α and PTGS2. Western blot results shows that compared with the model group, the expressions of PTGS2 and TNF-α significantly decreased in each administration group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:PQ-AT can act on TNF, CASP3, JUN, STAT3, PTGS2 and other core targets to regulate signal pathways such as TNF, and inhibit inflammatory reaction to achieve the effect of treating DE.

ObjectiveTo systematically study the global standards and implementation guidelines for health-promoting schools issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2021, explore the theories applying the components of WHO health services and construct the policy framework, content standards, and implementation path for integrating physical activity into the construction of health-promoting schools in primary and secondary schools. MethodsBased on the WHO health service system theory, a content analysis of WHO and UNESCO core policy documents in the fields of physical activity and health promotion in schools was conducted, including Making Every School a Health-Promoting School: Global Standards and Indicators; Making Every School a Health-Promoting School: Implementation Guidelines; and WHO Guidelines on School Health Services, to construct the policy framework, standard and implementation guideline framework, core content and implementation path for integrating physical activity into the construction of health-promoting schools in primary and secondary schools. ResultsThe content of the integration of health-promoting schools into the health service system could be constructed in six domains including leadership and governance, financing, service delivery, human resources, health technology and facilities, and health information systems. Implementing health services in the school environment to build health-promoting schools, the main tasks in six areas were refined into eight standards and 13 implementation areas. Integrating physical activity into health-promoting schools could be constructed from the six blocks of the health service system, including leadership and governance, financing for health-promoting schools, human resources for health-promoting schools, provision of school health services, technology and equipment, and health information. There are six implementation approaches in six blocks of health system: to strengthen the policy and governance capacity of integrating physical activity into health-promoting schools; to raise sufficient funds for the construction of physical activity integrated health-promoting schools; to integrate physical activity into the construction of health-promoting schools and provide comprehensive health care for teachers and students; to train human resources related to physical activity and health; to provide support for health technology and equipment and facilities for the construction of physical activity integration into health-promoting schools; and to establish a health-promoting school information system integrating physical activity and conduct related research. ConclusionPhysical activity is an important part of health services. Starting from the six components of health service, with the policy support of concept of health-promoting schools, this paper discussed the framework and content of integrating physical activity into health-promoting schools standards and implementation guidelines from the perspective of health services, and specific approaches to integrate physical activity into health-promoting school.

ObjectiveTo explore the policy framework, core content, and curriculum implementation of physical activity and health-related curriculum in perspective of health-promoting school. MethodsBased on the policies related to health-promoting school and the World Health Organization (WHO) theory of health service system, content analysis was conducted on the core policy documents of WHO and UNESCO, and to construct the policy framework, core contents, and implementation pathways of physical activity and health-related curriculum in schools from the perspective of health-promoting school. The core policy documents included Making Every School a Health-Promoting School: Global Standards and Indicators; Making Every School a Health-Promoting School: Implementation Guidelines; and WHO Guidelines on School Health Services. ResultsPolicy framework, theoretical basis, core content, and implementation pathways of physical activity and health-related curriculum were established in perspectives of WHO policies of health-promoting school. The core content of physical activity and health-related curriculum in health-promoting school context were systematically analyzed in terms of school physical activity and health-related curriculum. The specific implementation path of physical activity and health-related curriculum in health-promoting school involved six aspects: curriculum objectives, curriculum content, curriculum approaches, curriculum evaluation, learning materials, and teacher training. ConclusionHealth promotion is an important part of health service system. Health-related curriculum in schools is the use of educational and health-related tools to provide health services to students in a school context. Physical activity and health-related curriculum is a comprehensive health service for students' physical and mental health development in a health-promoting school setting. The pathways and methods for constructing a physical activity and health-related curriculum in a health-promoting school perspective involve six main areas: curriculum objectives, curriculum content, curriculum approaches, curriculum evaluation, learning materials, and teacher training.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays a major role in cancer immunotherapy by stimulating specific T cell responses and restoring the antitumor immune system. However, effective type II ICD inducers without biotoxicity are still very limited. Herein, a tentative drug- or photosensitizer-free strategy was developed by employing enzymatic self-assembly of the peptide F-pY-T to induce mitochondrial oxidative stress in cancer cells. Upon dephosphorylation catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase overexpressed on cancer cells, the peptide F-pY-T self-assembled to form nanoparticles, which were subsequently internalized. These affected the morphology of mitochondria and induced serious reactive oxygen species production, causing the ICD characterized by the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs enhanced specific immune responses by promoting the maturation of DCs and the intratumoral infiltration of tumor-specific T cells to eradicate tumor cells. The dramatic immunotherapeutic capacity could be enhanced further by combination therapy of F-pY-T and anti-PD-L1 agents without visible biotoxicity in the main organs. Thus, our results revealed an alternative strategy to induce efficient ICD by physically promoting mitochondrial oxidative stress.