Objective To investigate the clinical application of forearm arteriovenous fistula in uremia patients, and find out the cause of fistula dysfunction. Methods Three hundred and forty-five chronic uremia patients were collected. Forearm arteriovenous fistula were set up as vascular access. Recorded the relationship betwe the using condition. Results Chronic nephritis was the most, and diabetic nephropathy was lowest in the using fistula time exceeding 2 years, the internal fistula losing function occurred 103 cases in 1 year after intenal fistula establishment, the highest rate was diabetic nephropathy, then hypertension innocence renal arteriolar sclerosis. There were significant difference beween diabetic nephropathy, hypertension innocence renal arteriolar sclerosis and chronic nephritis (P<0.05). Conclusion In diabetic nephropathy and hypertension patients, the using time of fistula is short and the accidence of fistula dysfunction is high.

Objective To investigate the preparation method of hydroxyapatite by amino acids induced hydrothermal technique.Methods The hydroxyapatite nanorods were obtained using alanine and glycine as templates by hydrothermal method.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results The results showed that amino acids induced the formation of hydroxyapatite.Amino acids could affect crystallinity and dispersion of the formed hydroxyapatite.In addition,the substituent content of carbonate ions in hydroxyapatite was reduced by changing the ratio of amino acids.Conclusion Hydroxyapatite with high crystallinity and low carbonate ions can be prepared by hydrothermal method in the presence of amino acids.

The autoimmune cardiomyopathy is a variety of myocardial diseases with significant individual heterogeneity that is mediated by autoimmunity reaction. However, the pathogenesis of the autoimmune cardiomyopathy has not been clearly known. Multiple autoantibodies have been detected in the sera of patients with autoimmune cardiomyopathy, and the studies of related autoantibody profile contributes to understanding the pathogenesis, improving screening and diagnosis, supervising disease progression, estimating prognosis and therapeutic effects. This review will summarize the progress and clinical application of the autoantibody profile in patients with autoimmune cardiomyopathy, providing a reference for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effect and safety of tolvaptan in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction （HFpEF） complicated with hyponatremia. METHODS Overall 106 patients with HFpEF complicated with hyponatremia were collected from the Department of Cardiology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College from January 1， 2020 to June 1， 2023. According to the random number table， the patients were divided into conventional treatment group （n＝53） and tolvaptan group （n＝53）. The conventional treatment group was given conventional treatment. Tolvaptan group additionally received Tolvaptan tablets 15 mg on the basis of conventional treatment group， increasing to 30 mg after 24 h， and then adjusting the dosage according to the levels of serum sodium； the maximum dose should not exceed 60 mg/d， and the medication should be stopped when the serum sodium level was≥150 mmol/L. Both groups of patients were treated for 6 months. The levels and changes of cardiac function indexes [left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular end systolic diameter （LVESD）， left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）]， 24 h urine output， serum sodium， blood creatinine and urea nitrogen were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. The occurrence of adverse drug reaction （ADR） was recorded. RESULTS Before treatment， there was no statistically significant difference in those indexes between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， the levels of LVEF， 24 h urine output and serum sodium in 2 groups were significantly higher than before treatment， and the tolvaptan group was significantly higher than the conventional treatment group； the levels of LVESD， LVEDD and NT-proBNP were significantly lower than before treatment， and the tolvaptan group was significantly lower than the conventional treatment group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The changes in cardiac function indexes， 24 h urine output and serum sodium levels in the atorvastatin group were more significant than the conventional treatment group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the levels and changes of blood creatinine and urea nitrogen before and after treatment， as well as the incidence of nausea and vomiting， dizziness， hypernatremia and frequent urination between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Tolvaptan can improve cardiac function and increase the blood sodium levels in patients with HFpEF complicated with hyponatremia， without affecting their renal function or increasing the risk of ADR.