Objective To investigate the clinical application of forearm arteriovenous fistula in uremia patients, and find out the cause of fistula dysfunction. Methods Three hundred and forty-five chronic uremia patients were collected. Forearm arteriovenous fistula were set up as vascular access. Recorded the relationship betwe the using condition. Results Chronic nephritis was the most, and diabetic nephropathy was lowest in the using fistula time exceeding 2 years, the internal fistula losing function occurred 103 cases in 1 year after intenal fistula establishment, the highest rate was diabetic nephropathy, then hypertension innocence renal arteriolar sclerosis. There were significant difference beween diabetic nephropathy, hypertension innocence renal arteriolar sclerosis and chronic nephritis (P<0.05). Conclusion In diabetic nephropathy and hypertension patients, the using time of fistula is short and the accidence of fistula dysfunction is high.