The HPLC-ELSD method was used in the content determination of astragaloside, astragalosideⅠ, astragalosideⅡand astragalosideⅢ in Mongolia Radix Astragali (Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus(Bge.) Hsiao) among 16 batches from various habitats. The DIKMA Diamonsil C18 (150 mm× 4.6 mm, 5μm) was adopted with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase at a gradient mode program. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. And the column temperature was 30℃. The ELSD detector parameters were the drift tube temperature at 90℃, and the air flow rate of 2.8 L·min-1. The SPSS 16.0 software was used in the cluster analysis of content determination. The results showed that when the injection volume was within the range of 0.093 2-1.02μg (r = 0.999 5), 0.789-8.78μg (r = 0.999 7), 0.506-3.13μg (r = 0.999 6), and 0.016 1-1.38μg (r = 0.999 2) for astragaloside, astragalosideⅠ, astragalosideⅡ and astragalosideⅢ, respectively, the average recoveries were 97.55%, 98.61%, 99.68%, 98.58%with RSD of 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.3%, 1.2%, respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that the single using of astragaloside as index was unable to differentiate Mongolia Radix Astragali from various habitats. However, the simultaneous determination of 4 types of astragalosides as indexes can differentiate Mongolia Radix Astragali from various habitats. It was concluded that the method was simple, quick and accurate, which can directly reflect the quality status of Mongolia Radix Astragali from different origins. It also provided new ideas for the quality control of Mongolia Radix Astragali.

Sepsis should be defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dys-regulated host response to infection. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is one of the methods for the clinical treatment of sepsis. For patients undergoing CRRT, rational antimicrobial therapy is very important for the control of patient's infection. However, during CRRT, there is no clear guideline for the dose adjustment of antibiotics. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of CRRT combined with antibiotics on sepsis treatment in China and abroad, and discussed its effect on antibiotic clearance, and provided reference for clinical work.

Objective To compare the mid- and long-term results of tricuspid valve (TV) repair with or without an annuloplasty ring. Methods Two hundred seventy-seven patients underwent TV repair at our division (Sep. 2001 to Sep. 2008) ,of which 203 had, predominantly, a De Vega or Kay procedure (non-ring group) and 74had an annuloplasty with an artificial ring (ring group). TV pathology mainly was functional (secondary) and several with rheumatic leaflets involvement. Concomitant procedures consisted of mitral valve surgery in all patients,aortic valve surgery in 81 ,and coronary bypass in 19. Clinical and echocardiographic data followed for 1.5 to 3.5years were obtained. Results Postoperationally,the mid-term(1.5 years) follow-up was 100% completed and the long-term follow-up for 3. 5 years was 89. 9%. The recurrence of TV regurgitation (TR) of moderate and lower degree was not significantly different(χ2 = 1.3128, P= 0.26) in the 1.5 years follow-up between the two group,whereas the recurrence of TR of moderate to severity degree was significantly less in the ring group (χ2 =5. 8159,P =0.023).In the long term follow up,the TR in the ring group (25%) was significantly lower than that of 15% in the non-ring group (χ2 = 4. 9328, P = 0.036) . There are higher proportion of patients developing to moderate TR in the non ring group(34%) than in the ring group (10%) (χ2 =7. 9120,P =0.005). The TR developed fast in the ring group,increasing from 18% at 1.5 years follow up to 10% at 3.5 years follow up (χ2 = 2. 1327, P = 0.016),whereas it was relatively stable in the non-ring group,with 7% at 1.5 year follow up and 10% at 3.5 year follow up. Conclusions Placement of an annuloplasty ring in patients undergoing TV repair could remarkably improved the mid and long terum outcome. In clinic practice, we should be more positive to the functional TR and prefer to the procedure with annuloplasty ring.

The development of efficient molecular imaging probes with high specificity, high sensitivity, and low toxicity is the core in promoting the development of cancer molecular imaging technology. Natural expressed purified protein-based nanocage with self-assembling ability to form intrinsically cavity structure has been widely used to prepare various molecular imaging probes of cancer for its ideal physical properties, excellent biological compatibility, exceptional biodegradability as well as diverse engineering strategies. This paper focuses on the research progress of natural protein-based nanocage from the following aspects: various types of protein-based nanocages of different origins and compositions, cargos loading mechanisms, functionalization strategies, and their recent advances in cancer molecular imaging.

Objective To evaluate the role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel in mitigation of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by isoflurane preconditioning in rats and the relationship with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 280-320 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,isoflurane preconditioning group (group Ⅰ-pre),and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD,a selective mitoKATP channel antagonist) group.Cerebral I/R was produced by modified 4-vessel technique described by Pulsinelli in anesthetized rats.In group Ⅰ-pre,the rats were exposed to 1.5％ isoflurane for 1 h everyday for 5 consecutive days before ischemia.In group 5-HD,5-HD 15 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before ischemia and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group Ⅰ-pre.Neurological behavior was evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion.The rats in each group were sacrificed at 72 h of reperfusion,and the brains were removed for determination of neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of caspase-3 and phosphor-JNK (p-JNK) protein (using Western blot) in hippocampal tissues.Apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the number of grid cross was significantly decreased,hanging time was shortened,apoptotic rate was increased,and caspase-3 expression was up-regulated in I/R,Ⅰ-pre and 5-HD groups,the expression of p-JNK protein was up-regulated in IR and 5-HD groups,and no significant change was found in the expression of p-JNK protein in group Ⅰ-pre.Compare with group I/R,the number of grid cross was significantly increased,hanging time was prolonged,apoptotic rate was decreased,and the expression of caspase-3 and p-JNK protein was downregulated in group Ⅰ-pre,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group 5-HD.Compared with group Ⅰ-pre,the number of grid cross was significantly decreased,hanging time was shortened,apoptotic rate was increased,and the expression of caspase-3 and p-JNK protein was up-regulated in group 5-HD.Conclusion The mitoKATP channel is involved in mitigation of cerebral I/R injury by isoflurane preconditioning through blocking the JNK signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To assess the feasibility of anticoagulation therapy after mechanical valve replacement in grass-root health institutions.Methods One hundred and sixty one patients with mechanical valve replacement received anticoagulation therapy with warfarin,including 79 cases receiving the therapy in grass-root health institutions (test group) and 82 cases in the tertiary hospitals (control group).The patients were followed up for 12 months after operation;the rate of anticoagulation efficacy,the anticoagulationrelated complications,and the anticoagulation-related cost were documented and compared between two groups.Results The international normalized ratio (INR) tests were performed for 1 021 times in test group and 717 times were up to anticoagulation standard (70.2 ％,717/1 021),while INR tests in control group were performed for 965 times and 688 times were up to standard (71.3％,688/965);there were no significantly differences in efficacy rate between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in rate of bleeding events and thrombosis between two groups [16.5％ (13/79) vs.12.2％ (10/82),6.3％(5/79) vs.4.9％(4/82),respectively,x2 =0.596,P=0.44,x2 =0.161,P=0.69].The anticoagulation-related cost per month and per patient in test group was significantly lower than those in control group [(63.1 ±.12.8) vs.(176.6 ± 16.4) yuan,t =48.716,P ＜0.05].Conclusion Compared with the tertiary hospital,the anticoagulation therapy in grass-root institutions can accomplish the similar clinical outcomes and significantly reduce the medical cost in patients with mechanical valve replacement.

Microdialysis is an automatic biological sampling technique that is directed into the target tissue. Microdialysis is used to monitor the changes of drug and related substances associated with pathological physiology of tumor in the target tissue at the molecular level. Microdialysis is applied to evaluate the pharmaco-kinetics of drugs in the target tissue of tumor,optimize the combination therapy,explore molecular targeted therapy and study the early diagnosis and prognosis of tumor. Microdialysis provides a new idea and method for the prevention and cure research of tumor.

In order to search for new antiplatelet agents with higher potency, a series of tetramethylpyrazine ( TMP) /chalcone hybrids ( 2-26) were synthesized and evaluated based on the principle of bioisostere and hybrid-ization. They exerted inhibitory activity against adenosine diphosphate ( ADP )-induced and arachidonic acid ( AA)-induced platelet aggregation to varied extent. Among them, compound 8 was the most potent with IC50 of 0. 14 mmol/L on ADP-induced platelet aggregation ( 9. 1 folds of TMP and 10. 5 folds of chalcone ) and 0. 09 mmol/L on AA-induced platelet aggregation ( 8. 8 folds of TMP and 10. 0 folds of chalcone) , which was superior to clinically used anti-platelet drug aspirin ( ASP, IC50 =0. 15 mmol/L) .

Objective To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on the quality of recovery during the early period after gynecological laparoscopic surgery using the Quality of Recovery?40 questionnaire ( QoR?40). Methods Sixty patients, aged 20-60 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-28.0 kg∕m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status ⅠorⅡ, scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery, were equally and randomly divided into either control group ( group C ) or acupuncture group (group Acu) using a random number table. Bilateral Neiguan (PC6) and Hegu (L14) acupoints were stimulated for 30 min starting from the time point before skin incision and immediately after the end of surgery. The quality of recovery was assessed using the QoR?40 on 1 day before surgery, and at 24 and 48 h after surgery. The patient′s cognitive function was assessed using Mini?Mental State Examination. The requirement for rescue analgesics was recorded. The occurrence of nausea and vomiting was also recorded. Results Compared with group C, the global QoR?40 and Mini?Mental State Examination scores were significantly increased, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting and requirement for rescue analgesics were decreased at 24 and 48 h after surgery in group Acu ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion Acupuncture can improve the quality of recovery during the early period after gynecological laparoscopic surgery using the QoR?40.

Aims Toevaluatethepharmacodynamic efficacy of different types of antiangiogenic agents as HM-3 on a non-small cell lung cancer xenografts tumor model .To explore the interaction between the antian-giogenic agents and the tumor microenvironment,and to offer suggestions for clinical therapy.Methods Thenon-smallcelllungcarcinomaxenograftmodelwas established in Balb/c nude mice.The model mice were treated with Docetaxel(10 mg·kg-1 )as the positive control.The mice were parallelly treated with,HM-3 at the doses of 3 mg · kg-1 and 48 mg · kg-1 and, Avastin(5 mg·kg-1 ).The parameters include tumor volume,tumor weight and immunohistochemical analy-sis.Result Animalexperimentsshowedthatdocetaxel had good anti-tumor activity.Tumor growth inhibition by tumor weight of G2 docetaxel(10 mg·kg-1 )group was 60. 80%.Tumor growth inhibition by tumor weight of G3 HM-3(3 mg·kg-1 )group,G4 HM-3(48 mg· kg-1 )group ,G4 Avastin(5 mg·kg-1 )group,were 43. 60%,-34. 80%,44. 40%,respectively.Con-clusion Theantigiogeniceffectisaffectedbytumor growth stage,tumor microenvironment and their work-ing mechanisms.Angiogenesis inhibitors HM-3 has a certain effect of inhibiting tumor growth,but to little a-vail.HM-3 shows on inhibitory effect in a dose-de-pendent manner at the doses of 0~6 mg·kg-1 .HM-3 at a high dose of 48 mg · kg-1 has no inhibitory but promoting effects on human non-small cell lung carci-noma A549 xenografts in nude mice .Special dose-effect relationship indicates that dosage should be paid attention to in the clinical use of blood vessel inhibi-tors.