Objective To evaluate the reporting item quality of randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine as an adjunctive therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods The terms including Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, randomized controlled trials, and non-small cell lung cancer were searched in Chinese and English databases by computer systems to collect relevant literatures. Based on the CONSORT 2010 (consolidated standards of reporting trials 2010), the reporting item quality of the abstracts and main text in eligible papers was evaluated. Results Ninety-five eligible studies were identified from 692 potential eligible articles. None reported all of abstract and main text items in CONSORT 2010. Only 4.12％could be identified as the randomized trial in the title. More than 40％of reports showed the scientific background or rationale in the abstract but not in the main text. Three (3.16％) eligible reports defined the primary or secondary outcome measures. None reported complete information of subjects throughout the clinical trial process. Results A total of 95 eligible papers were collected, of which 0 papers reported complete abstracts and text entries according to the CONSORT. The titles of 4.12％papers were identified as randomized trials. More than 40％of the papers only reported the study purpose or hypothesis in the abstract. 3.16％of the papers reported primary and secondary efficacy index entries, and 0 papers reported complete information of subjects from enrollment to included data analysis sets. Conclusion There is a serious problem of items shortage in the literatures of randomized controlled clinical trials on Chinese herbal medicine as an adjunctive therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The randomized controlled clinical trials of Chinese herbal medicine as an adjunctive therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer should be reported based on the CONSORT to improve the quality of trials.

Objective To explore the role of mindfullness in the negative life events,depression,and poor sleep quality.Methods Using five facet mindfullness questionnaire(FFMQ),adolescents self-rating life events checklist (ASLEC),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to investigate 2 792 freshmen in a medical university in Guangzhou.Results The FFMQ score (126.02±12.14) was negatively correlated with ASLEC score(23.93±19.81),SDS score(35.89±7.31) and PSQI score (3.45±2.13) (r=-0.17,r=-0.44,r=-0.26,P＜0.01).The boys in the aspects of " mindfullnessinaction" scored significantly higher than that of girls (21.20 ± 3.36,20.52±2.88,P＜0.01).The girls scored significantly higher than boys in the PSQI,SDS (3.58±2.15,3.21 ±2.08,P＜0.05;36.22±7.26,35.27±7.35,P＜0.01).Mindfullness and sleep quality showed a chain-mediated effect between negative life events and depression,and the model fitting was good (RMSEA =0.048,CFI =0.962,TLI =0.943).The total mediating effect size was 61.41％.The mediating path through mindfullness,with the effect size of 16.71％,and the chain-mediating effect was 8.94％.Conclusion The higher the level of mindfullness,the lower the individual's depression score and the better the quality of sleep.Mindfullness and the sleep quality play a role of chain-mediating effect between negative life events and depression.

To investigate the inhibitory effect of sildenafil on Caco-2 cell proliferation and its anti-inflammatory effect on menadione-induced NCM460 cell inflammation model, MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation. Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO)levels were detected by fluorescent probe. Western blot was used to detect the expression of eNOS/ERK/JNK pathway related proteins in Caco-2 cells and correlated inflammatory cytokines in NCM460 cells. The effect of sildenafil on the growth of two probiotics was determined by spectrophotometry. Results showed that sildenafil signi-ficantly inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells and enhanced the expression levels of eNOS, p-eNOS, p-JNK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins in Caco-2 cells; while after adding NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME), the expression levels of eNOS, p-eNOS, p-JNK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins were significantly lower than those of the sildenafil group. Compared with the menadione group, sildenafil significantly reduced ROS levels in NCM460 cells and inhibited the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, p62, and TNF-α. Moreover, high concentrations of sildenafil had no obvious toxic effects on Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Thus, the results indicated that sildenafil could effectively inhibit the intestinal inflammatory response without affecting the balance of the intestinal flora, and prevent colorectal cancer by reducing the oxidative stress responses in the intestinal cells.

Objective To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in Hebei cancer registry available areas in 2011.Methods Data were collected from 8 population-based cancer registries systems in Hebei province.Incidence and mortality rates stratified by areas (urban/rural),sex,age group and cancer site were analyzed.10 common cancers in different groups,proportions and cumulative rates were calculated.The Chinese population census in the year 2000 and Segi's populations were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates.Results In all the 8 cancer registries that covering a total of 4 573 293 population (2 139 779 in urban and 2 433 514 in rural areas),data was used for the analysis.The total new cancer incidence cases and deaths were 11 269 and 7 477,respectively.All the morphologically verified cancer cases (MV％) accounted for 75.26％ while 3.85％ of the incident cases were identified only through death certification records (DCO％).The mortality to incidence ratio appeared as 0.66.The crude incidence appeared in the Hebei cancer registration areas was 246.41/105 (264.55/105 in males and 227.75/105 in females).The age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) appeared as 207.13/105 and 206.61/105 respectively,with the cumulative incidence rates as (0-74 age years old) 23.57％.The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 242.64/105 and 200.19/105 in urban areas,whereas 249.72/105 and 214.11/105,respectively in rural areas.The crude mortality in Hebei cancer registration areas was 163.49/105(196.54/105 in male,129.51/105 in female),with age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) as 144.48/105 and 147.69/105.The cumulative mortality rate (0-74 age years old) was 14.71％.The cancer mortality (167.91/105) in rural areas seemed higher than the mortality (158.47/105) in urban areas.The most common sites of cancers were:stomach,lung,esophagus,breast,liver and colorectal,which accounted for 71.66％ of all the cancer cases.Lung cancer,stomach cancer,esophagus cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the major causes responsible for the cancer deaths in the areas with data of cancer registration,which accounted for 74.79％ of all the cancer deaths.Conclusion The coverage of Hebei cancer registration population could reflect the cancer burden in various areas and populations.The most commonly seen cancers were stomach,lung,esophagus,breast,liver,and colorectal,in Hebei province.In order to reduce the burden of cancers,prevention and control measures should be strengthened.

Objective:To establish the reference for serum metabolomics profiles among healthy Han adults in China, and explore the variation on metabolomics profiles by geographic regions, sex, and age.Methods:Cross-sectional data and serum samples were obtained from the China National Health Survey. A total of 1 039 male and 1 032 female healthy adults(≥30 years) were included in this study. Serum metabolomics analyses were conducted with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) was performed to compare the differences of metabolomics among different region, sex, and age.Results:Significant differences on metabolomics profiles were identified among region, sex, and age. A total of 114 region-related metabolites were spotted, including 53 metabolites that involved in human metabolic pathways, mainly peptides(20 metabolites) and glycerophospholipid metabolism-related(14 metabolites). Fifty-nine metabolites were pinned down to be sex-related, among which cotinine was significant in all 7 provinces. Age-related metabolites were only found in Shaanxi and Hainan, with 22 metabolites were recognized.Conclusion:Serum metabolomics varies by geographic regions, sex, and age. When metabolomics is applied for diagnosis or biomarker screening in various studies, it shall take into consideration of setting tailored references.

Objective: To determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Schistosoma (S.) japonicum infections in humans, livestock, and Oncomelania (O.) hupensis across the endemic foci of China. Methods: Based on multi-stage continuous downscaling of sentinel monitoring, county-based schistosomiasis surveillance data were captured from the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019. The data included S. japonicum infections in humans, livestock, and O. hupensis. The spatiotemporal trends for schistosomiasis were detected using a Joinpoint regression model, with a standard deviational ellipse (SDE) tool, which determined the central tendency and dispersion in the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis. Further, more spatiotemporal clusters of S. japonicum infections in humans, livestock, and O. hupensis were evaluated by the Poisson model. Results: The prevalence of S. japonicum human infections decreased from 2.06% to zero based on data of the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019, with a reduction from 9.42% to zero for the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in livestock, and from 0.26% to zero for the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in O. hupensis. Analysis using an SDE tool showed that schistosomiasis-affected regions were reduced yearly from 2005 to 2014 in the endemic provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Anhui, as well as in the Poyang and Dongting Lake regions. Poisson model revealed 11 clusters of S. japonicum human infections, six clusters of S. japonicum infections in livestock, and nine clusters of S. japonicum infections in O. hupensis. The clusters of human infection were highly consistent with clusters of S. japonicum infections in livestock and O. hupensis. They were in the 5 provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu, as well as along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Humans, livestock, and O. hupensis infections with S. japonicum were mainly concentrated in the north of the Hunan Province, south of the Hubei Province, north of the Jiangxi Province, and southwestern portion of Anhui Province. In the 2 mountainous provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan, human, livestock, and O. hupensis infections with S. japonicum were mainly concentrated in the northwestern portion of the Yunnan Province, the Daliangshan area in the south of Sichuan Province, and the hilly regions in the middle of Sichuan Province. Conclusions: A remarkable decline in the disease prevalence of S. japonicum infection was observed in endemic schistosomiasis in China between 2005 and 2019. However, there remains a long-term risk of transmission in local areas, with the highest-risk areas primarily in Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake regions, requiring to focus on vigilance against the rebound of the epidemic. Development of high-sensitivity detection methods and integrating the transmission links such as human and livestock infection, wild animal infection, and O. hupensis into the surveillance-response system will ensure the elimination of schistosomiasis in China by 2030.

BACKGROUND: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a key biomarker for cancer immunotherapy and prognosis. Integration of MSI testing into a next-generation-sequencing (NGS) panel could save tissue sample, reduce turn-around time and cost, and provide MSI status and comprehensive genomic profiling in single test. We aimed to develop an MSI calling model to detect MSI status along with the NGS panel-based profiling test using tumor-only samples. METHODS: From January 2019 to December 2020, a total of 174 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were enrolled, including 31 MSI-high (MSI-H) and 143 microsatellite stability (MSS) cases. Among them, 56 paired tumor and normal samples (10 MSI-H and 46 MSS) were used for modeling, and another 118 tumor-only samples were used for validation. MSI polymerase chain reaction (MSI-PCR) was performed as the gold standard. A baseline was built for the selected microsatellite loci using the NGS data of 56 normal blood samples. An MSI detection model was constructed by analyzing the NGS data of tissue samples. The performance of the model was compared with the results of MSI-PCR. RESULTS: We first intersected the target genomic regions of the NGS panels used in this study to select common microsatellite loci. A total of 42 loci including 23 mononucleotide repeat sites and 19 longer repeat sites were candidates for modeling. As mononucleotide repeat sites are more sensitive and specific for detecting MSI status than sites with longer length motif and the mononucleotide repeat sites performed even better than the total sites, a model containing 23 mononucleotide repeat sites was constructed and named Colorectal Cancer Microsatellite Instability test (CRC-MSI). The model achieved 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared with MSI-PCR in both training and validation sets. Furthermore, the CRC-MSI model was robust with the tumor content as low as 6%. In addition, 8 out of 10 MSI-H samples showed alternations in the four mismatch repair genes ( MLH1 , MSH2 , MSH6 , and PMS2 ). CONCLUSION MSI status can be accurately determined along the targeted NGS panels using only tumor samples. The performance of mononucleotide repeat sites surpasses loci with longer repeat motif in MSI calling.
Humans ; Microsatellite Instability ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; DNA Mismatch Repair

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer patients who are positive for hormone receptor typically exhibit a favorable prognosis. It is controversial whether chemotherapy is necessary for them after surgery. Our study aimed to establish a multigene model to predict the relapse of hormone receptor-positive early-stage Chinese breast cancer after surgery and direct individualized application of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients after surgery. METHODS: In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between relapse and nonrelapse breast cancer groups based on RNA sequencing. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify potential relapse-relevant pathways. CIBERSORT and Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter algorithms were used to analyze immune infiltration. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, log-rank tests, and multiple Cox regression were performed to identify prognostic signatures. A predictive model was developed and validated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS: A total of 234 out of 487 patients were enrolled in this study, and 1588 DEGs were identified between the relapse and nonrelapse groups. GSEA results showed that immune-related pathways were enriched in the nonrelapse group, whereas cell cycle- and metabolism-relevant pathways were enriched in the relapse group. A predictive model was developed using three genes ( CKMT1B , SMR3B , and OR11M1P ) generated from the LASSO regression. The model stratified breast cancer patients into high- and low-risk subgroups with significantly different prognostic statuses, and our model was independent of other clinical factors. Time-dependent ROC showed high predictive performance of the model. CONCLUSIONS A multigene model was established from RNA-sequencing data to direct risk classification and predict relapse of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in Chinese patients. Utilization of the model could provide individualized evaluation of chemotherapy after surgery for breast cancer patients.
Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; East Asian People ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics* ; Breast ; Algorithms ; Chronic Disease ; Prognosis ; Tumor Microenvironment