With the development of molecular imaging technology, incorporate multiple modes of medical imaging imaging techniques of SPECT/CT and PET/CT technology with a certain degree of development. But compared to SPECT/CT and PET/CT technologies, SPECT/CT far earlier than PET/CT technology to clinical applications, due to a variety of factors influence SPECT/CT far PET/CT clinical applications to grow faster. This article highlights the progress and problems of SPECT/CT technology.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo obtain 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 by the method of enzymolysis with the protopananxtriol saponins, and to provide the theory for large-scale preparation of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1.

METHODAB-8 macroporous resin was used to isolate the total saponins of the stems and leaves from Panax ginseng and the protopanaxtriol saponins (mainly included Rg1 and Re) were obtained. Then, we used enzymic hydrolysis (helicase) with the protopanaxtriol saponins to get the secondary ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh1. High performance liquid chromatography analysis method was established to determine the conversion with the YMC C18 column at the 25 degrees C. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1) and detective wavelength was 203 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A)-water(B) was eluted by the way of 0-29 min,19%-26% A, 29-30 min, 26%-30% A, 30-55 min, 30%-38% A, 55-60 min, 38%-40% A.

RESULTHighly purified protopanaxtriol saponins were obtained through AB-8 macroporous resin. The average conversion was 36.7%. The method was simple and stable.

CONCLUSIONThe method is able to obtain secondary ginsenoside 20 (S)-Rh1 with high efficiency. This study develop the preparation resource for the ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh1.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Enzymes ; chemistry ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; Hydrolysis ; Panax ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; Snails ; enzymology

Objective To analyze the differential expression of Stathmin in human cells infected with human-tropic porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV)and to explore the potential molecular effect of human-tropic PERV on human cells.Methods HEK293 cells were infected with the human-tropic PERV infectious molecular clone.PCR,real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis were applied to confirm that HEK293 cells were infected.Then real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to analyze the differential expression of Stathmin at the mRNA level and protein level,respectively.Results HEK293 cells were infected by human-tropic PERV.Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that Stathmin was up-regulated in HEK293 cells infected with PERV compared with the control cells.Conclusion Stathmin was up-regulated in HEK293 cells infected with human-tropic PERV.These studies will be helpful for revealing the interaction of PERV and human cells,and for understanding the molecular effect of humantropic PERV on human cells.In addition,it suggested that PERV infection may infect cell growth and physiological functions,even be pathogenic.These will help to clarify the biologic characteristics of PERV and evaluate the safety of PERV in pig to human xenotransplantation.

Objective To establish a mouse model of aorta dissection (AD) by β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) in drinking water + subcutaneously pumped angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion.Methods Forty 3-week-old C57B1/6J male mice were randomly divided into two groups.All animals received 0.1 g/kg/d BAPN in drinking water for 4 weeks.Then the BAPN drinking + saline infusion group and BAPN drinking + Ang II infusion group received continuous saline or Ang II (1,000 ng/kg/min) infusion, respectively, via subcutaneous osmotic minipump for 72 hour.The mice were restricted in a noninvasive computerized tail-cuff system and their arterial systolic blood pressure and heart rate were monitored.Autopsy was performed if a mouse died during the experiment.At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed by injection with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital and the aortas were harvested.The formation of aortic false lumen was observed by pathology using hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results The overall incidence of AD in the BAPN drinking administration +Ang II infusion group was 95%, whereas the incidence of AD in the BAPN drinking administration +saline infusion group was only 5%.The mortality from dissecting aneurysm rupture was 24% in the BAPN drinking administration +Ang II infusion group during the experiment.Pathological examination of the aortic cross-sections clearly showed the formation of blood-filled false lumens induced by Ang II.Conclusions A mouse model with high incidence of aortic dissection is successfully established.

Objective:To investigate the potential factors influencing the extent of coronary artery lesion in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with an emphasis on the role of serum SIRT1.Methods:We assessed the clinical data from 81 ACS patients admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Serum SIRT1 was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the extent of coronary artery lesion was evaluated by SYNTAX score before revascularization. All the patients were divided into two groups: high SYNTAX score (severe coronary artery lesion, n=38) and low SYNTAX score (moderate coronary artery lesion, n=43), by means of the median of SYNTAX score. Potential factors influencing SYNTAX score were analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis. Results:Compared with the low SYNTAX score group, patients in the high SYNTAX score group had higher serum SIRT1 level [379.38 (490.14) ng/L vs. 242.95 (173.85) ng/L, P<0.001] and frequency of coronary artery disease family history (42.11% vs. 20.93%, P=0.039). There was no statistical difference among other factors between the two groups. Serum SIRT1 was positively correlated with SYNTAX score in ACS patients ( R=0.452, P<0.010). Serum SIRT1 (ln adjusted), age and estimated glomerular filtration rate were independently correlated with SYNTAX score (ln adjusted) in multiple linear regression analysis (Adjusted R2=0.330, P<0.001). Conclusions:For the first time, we discussed the correlation of serum SIRT1 with extent of coronary artery lesion in ACS patients. Cardiologists should pay more attention to high-risk patients in order to improve the prognosis of ACS patients through timely revascularization strategies.

Objective To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the expression of a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS-1), and to study whether the application of small interfering (si)RNA specifically targeting ADAMTS-1 would help to recover IPC protection in the aged heart. Methods The 32 young (4 months) and 32 aged(24 months) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned randomly to IPC group (n=20) and sham operated group (n= 12) respectively. Myocardial samples from the ischemic-reperfused region were harvested for detecting the ADAMTS-1 expression. In addition, the 110 aged SD rats were assignedrandomly to ADAMTS-1 siRNA group and control group (n=55, each). The effects of ADAMTS-1siRNA transfcction on the expression of ADAMTS-1 protein, myocardial infarction survival rate,heart function and myocardial infarction size after IPC were observed.Results Twenty-four hours after IPC, the ADAMTS-1 protein expression increased significantly in iscbemic-reperfused region both in young and aged rats (P＜0. 05), and the protein expression was higher in aged rats than in young rats (P＜0.05). In young-IPC group, the absorbency showed ADAMTS-1 protein expression at 0 hrs and 24 hrs after IPC were 0. 05±0.01 and 0.12±0.03 by immunohistochemical staining, and were 0.68±0. 16 and 1. 17±0.21 by Western blots respectively. In aged-IPC group, the absorbency showed ADAMTS-1 protein expression at 0 hrs and 24 hrs after IPC were 0.07±0. 03 and 0.21 ±0.04 by immunohistochemical staining, and were 0. 76±0. 21 and 1. 48±0. 17 by Western blots. In the aged rats, ADAMTS-1 siRNA transfection inhibited ADAMTS-1 protein expression (0. 66±0. 19and 0.78±0.21, by Western blots at 0 hrs and 24 hrs after IPC, P＞0.05), but didn't improve myocardial infarction survival rates [ADAMTS-1 siRNA group and sham operated group: 14.3% (5/35) vs. 17.1 %(6/35), P＞0.05], left ventricular fractional shortening [(14.0±3.2)% vs. (13.0±2.9)%, P＞0.05] and myocardial infarction size[(39.0±4.1)% vs. (38.0±5.3)%, P＞0.05].Conclusions ADAMTS-1 expression induced by IPC increases significantly in aged versus in young rats. ADAMTS-1 knockdown by siRNA inhibits ADAMTS-1 protein expression but cannot recover the age-associated loss of IPC protection.

Objective To explore the value of situational simulation teaching in the in the trainee teaching of cardiovascular medicine. Methods 7-year students of Beijing university of traditional Chinese medicine in the 2016-2017 school year were divided into experimental group and control group, with 50 students in each group. Situational simulation teaching was used in the experimental group while the control group carried out regular teaching. Student self-assessment questionnaire and clinical test were used to evaluate teaching effect. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical processing, and t-test was used for comparison between groups. Results Student self-assessment questionnaire showed that, the scores of study interest, theoretical knowledge, thinking, clinical practical ability and the overall satisfaction in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); As to clinical test, theory knowledge and case analysis assessment in the experimental group were higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Situational simulation teaching is helpful to improve the clinical comprehensive ability of students.

Objective: To establish the mouse aorta dissection (AD) model through drinking water containing β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). Methods: Forty 3-week-old C57B1/6J male mice were divided into four groups according to randomized block design: control, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN groups (dissolving respective dose of BAPN in the drinking water, n=10 each group). Arterial systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured weekly in conscious, restrained mice using a noninvasive computerized tail-cuff system. Mice those died of rupture of aortic dissecting aneurysm during the study were autopsied and the aorta was examined. After 4 weeks, survived mice were sacrificed by an overdose of sodium pentobarbital and the whole aorta was harvested and analyzed. Results: The incidence of AD and the mortality of ruptured AD was 0 and 0 in control group, 30% (3/10) and 20% (2/10) in 0.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, 50% (5/10) and 40% (4/10) in 0.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, 90% (9/10) and 70% (7/10) in 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group (both P<0.05 vs. control group). The incidence of AD and the mortality of ruptured AD increased in proportion to BAPN concentration increase. In 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, 7 mice died of dissecting aneurysm rupture during the experiment, among which 5 dissecting aneurysms were mainly located in the thoracic aorta and 2 dissecting aneurysms in abdominal aorta. The diameters of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta were (1.38±0.19) and (1.23±0.13) mm in control group, (2.43±1.56) and (1.30±0.26) mm in 0.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, (2.45±1.28) and (1.30±0.31) mm in 0.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, (2.87±0.57) and (1.95±0.81) mm in 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group (both P<0.05 vs. control group). The diameters of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta in mice also increased in proportion with BAPN concentration increase. Furthermore, blood-filled false lumen formation and elastic fibers fragmentation were evidenced in hematoxylin-eosin stained and Vitoria blue-Sirius red stained aortic cross-sections of mice in the 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group. Conclusion BAPN treatment induced aortic dissection model in C57Bl/6J mice can serve as a useful wild-type mouse model for the mechanism and pharmaceutical studies of AD.

Objective To compare the image quality of chest low dose CT (LDCT) using automatic exposure control (AEC) and constant current control (CCC) and explore a more reasonable scanning protocol. Methods Two hundred and eighty participants were examined with 64 CT scanner at 7 centers in China. All were divided into 4 groups. Two groups underwent LDCT using AEC with standard deviation set at 25 (A1) and 30 (A2) respectively and the tube current ranged from 10 mA to 80 mA. The other two groups underwent LDCT using CCC with tube current set at 40 mA (C1) and 50 mA (C2) respectively. The axial and MPR images were evaluated by two radiologists who were blinded to the scanning protocols.The radiation dose, noise and the image quality of the 4 groups were compared and analyzed statistically.Differences of radiation dose and noise among groups were determined with variance analysis and t test,image quality with Mann-Whitney test and the consistency of diagnosis with Kappa test. Results There was a significant lower DLP in AEC group than in CCC group [(82.62±40.31)vs ( 110.81±18.21) mGy·cm (F =56. 88 ,P ＜ 0. 01 )], whereas no significant difference was observed between group A2 and group A1 0. 05]. The noisy of AEC group was higher than that of CCC group both on lung window(41.50±9.58 vs 40.86±7.03) and mediastinum window (41.19±7.83 vs 40.92±9.89), but there was no significant difference( Flung =0.835, P=0.476, Fmediastinum =1.910, P=0.128).The quality score of axial image in AEC group was higher than that in CCC group (superior margin of the brachiocephalic vein level: 4.49±0.56 vs4.38±0.64,superior margin of the aortic arch: 4.86±0.23 vs 4.81±0.32,the right superior lobar bronchus Level:4.87±0.27 vs 4. 84 ± 0. 22, the right middle lobar bronchus Level: 4.90±0.25 vs 4.88±0.21) except on the right inferior pulmonary vein level(4. 92 ±0. 25 vs 4. 93 ±0. 17) and superior margin of the left diaphragmatic dome level (4. 91±0.27 vs 4.93±0.22) on lung window, but no significant differences (F=0.076-1.748, P＞0.05) were observed. A significant higher score in AEC group was observed on mediastinum window compared with CCC group on superior margin of brachiocephalic vein level (2.57±0.77 vs 2. 46 ± 0. 59, F = 8. 459, P ＜ 0. 05 ), however, the score of AEC group was lower than that of CCC group on other levels without significant differences (superior margin of the aortic arch:3.36 ±0. 63 vs 3.45 ±0. 60,the right superior lobar bronchus level: 3.94 ±0. 56 vs 3. 95 ±0. 51 ,the right middle lobar bronchus Level: 3.80 ±0. 58 vs 3. 87 ±0. 50,the right inferior pulmonary vein level: 3.72 ±0. 56 vs 3.78 ±0. 53, superior margin of the left diaphragmatic dome level: 3.58 ± 0.63 vs 3.68±0.56,F=0.083-3.380,P ＞ 0.05 ). The MPR image quality of AEC group was better than that of CCC group both on lung window and mediastinum window (Zlung =-2.258, Zmedlastinum=-1.330, P＞0.05). For all participants including the underweighted group, the normal group and the overweighted group, the image quality of A1 group was better than that of A2 group without significant differences (the underweighted group: Zlung=0.000, P=1.000, Zmedastinum= 0.000, P=1.000;the normal group: Zlung =-0.062, P=0.950, Zmediastinum =-0.746, P = 0.456; the overweighted group: Zlung = - 1.177, P = 0.239,Zmediastinum =-1.715, P=0.144) both on lung and mediastinum windows, and for the higher BMI participants, a better image quality was obtained in A1 group than in A2 group on the mediastinum window (Z = -1. 715, P = 0. 144). Conclusions The total radiation exposure dose of AEC group is significantly lower than that of CCC group, but no statistical significant differences are observed between both groups in image quality and noise level. The AEC technique is highly recommended in thoracic LDCT scan for screening program, and the SD25 ( SD value = 25) scan protocol is suggested for higher BMI population while the SD30 (SD value = 30) scan protocol for lower BMI population.

Objective:To evaluate the independent prognostic value of minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope (VE/Vco 2 slope)on heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Methods:131 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated in the cardiology department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019 were collected and followed up 3 months after discharge. They were divided into heart failure (HF) group and non-heart failure (NHF) group. All the patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) before discharge.Results:Three months after discharge, the VE/Vco 2 slope was higher in HF group than in NHF group (36.7±3.8 vs 29.7±4.0, P=0.014). The best VE/Vco 2 slope cutoff for the prediction of heart failure after 3 month was 33.05 with a sensitivity of 81.4% and a specificity of 80.6% [area under curve (AUC) was 0.844, P<0.001]. VE /Vco 2 slope level was an independent predictor of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction after discharge ( OR=1.245, 95% CI: 1.021-1.366, P=0.019). Other independent indicators related to heart failure included N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptid (NT-proBNP) level ( OR=1.283, 95% CI: 1.019-1.399, P=0.033). Conclusions:VE/Vco 2 slope yielded strong, independent predictive value for heart failure at 3 month after discharge to AMI patients.