The first blood product albumin was developed during World War Ⅱ.Since then, blood products began to play an irreplaceable role in military trauma and emergency cares .Currently, the supporting system of blood and blood products has become increasingly sophisticated .Development of novel blood products also improved dramatically .Universal virus inactivated freeze-dried plasma has also been purchased by the military .Albumin is used as antishock blood volume expansion for emergency treatment of military trauma .Different kinds of albumin including albumin of various concentra-tions, high purity albumin and albumin in soft packages are available .Specific immunoglobulin has become the regular stra-tegic storage of some developed countries , used for the prevention and treatment of infection in military trauma , emerging infectious diseases and against the potential threat of bioagents and bioterrorism .Local hemostatic produced upon fibrinogen and thrombin as well as coagulator Factor Ⅶperforming integral hemostasis effect have become increasingly significant for treating hemorrhage in military trauma .Development of anticoagulants including human protein C and antithrombin has got great improvement .These medicines have the potential for preventing and treating sepsis caused by military trauma .Prote-ase inhibitors including α2-macroglobulin are expected to work in the specific medicine .In conclusion , blood products will play a greater role in the future war and non war military operations .

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and assess the computer-assisted fabricated individual titanium mesh technique applied for reconstruction of fractured orbital walls to correct post-traumatic enophthalmus and diplopia. Methods: Twenty patients (12 males and 8 females) were inclu-ded in this study. All of patients suffered from unilateral impure orbital fractures. Group A included 8 patients who were reconstructed for the fractured orbit with computer-assisted fabricated titanium mesh technique. Group B had 12 patients treated with traditional methods (titanium meshes in 2, autogenous bone grafts in 7 and Medpor implantation in 3). CT data of group A was input into a image software to rebuild a 3-D orbit and then mirror the unaffected side onto the affected side to replace the demolished orbit. A resin model of the reshaped orbit was then produced and was used to develop custom-fabricated titanium mesh for repair of the fractured orbital wall. The fabricated mesh was used in operation to reconstruct the orbital wall. Treatment was assessed in comparison with traditional way by means of clinical examinations and CT measurements. Results: The difference between pre-operative and post-operative enophthalmos: the mean value of group A was 2.6 mm, group B was 2.0 mm;the difference between the pre-operative and post-operative enlargement volume of traumatic orbit: the mean value of group A was 4.3 mL, group B was 3.7 mL; Index of Medial orbital wall of both groups was 100% and Index of inferior wall reconstruction of group A was 84.7%, group B was 53.3%; The mean depth of implants of group A was 31.2 mm, of group B was 28.3 mm; Improvement of diplopia of group A was 1.5 quadrants, that of group B was 1 quadrant. There were no infection, gaze restriction, or graft extrusion in all patients after operation. Conclusion: Computer-assisted fabricated titanium mesh technique could provide more accurate orbital reconstruction and improve the correction of enophthalmus and diplopia.

Objective To explore the difference of the tremor of Parkinson's disease(PD) in early stage and physiological tremor by tremor analysis.Methods 14 patients with PD(group PD) and 9 cases of physiological tremor(group physiological tremor) were studied.The surface electrode of the accelerometry(Acc) was pasted at the end of certer-metacarpal of back of hand.At the same time,surface electrodes of electromyography(EMG) were pasted on the forearm flexors and extensors.The tremor graphices and myoelectric activities were recorded in 30 s with and without 1000 g bearing respectively.Tremor frequency and related myoelectric activities were analysed.Results Acc record: The main manifestations were static tremor and tremor frequency was no significant difference when with and without loading in group PD.In group physiological tremor,the main manifestations were posture or active tremor.With loading,the tremor frequency was significant reduced(P

Coagulation factors ,which are involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation process of organism ,perform mutual coordination with the anticoagulation system .The dynamic balance between them inorder to maintain the normal blood physiological state .The molecular structure , physicochemical properties , physiological function involved in the trau-matic bleeding hemostasis were detailed in this paper .Meanwhile , the importance of coagulation factors for trauma hemo-stasis and coagulation ,the coagulation factor products , and their use were reviewed here to provide reference for the devel-opment of coagulation factors as drugs .

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of postoperative hemorrhage of cholejejunal or pancreato - jejunal anastomotic stoma after pancreato - duodenectomy by the way of fibercholedochoscopy. Meth- ods The drainge tube was extracted out of choledochojejunal anastomotic stoma. And fibercholedochoscopy was in- serted in fistula to affirm hemorrhagic position of choledochojejunal or pancreato - jejunal anastomotic stoma. And then local coagulation and microwave solidifying was proceeded with. Local spray of Galla - chineses compound solution was performed for hemostasis. Results We succeeded in hemorrhage of four choledochojejunal and six pancreato - jejunal anastomotic stoma One failed for frequent hemorrhage in pancreato - jejunal anastomotic stoma. Conclu- sion Fibercholedochoscopy is the first selective and effective method in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative hemorrhoge of pancreato - jejunal or choledochojejunal anastomotic stoma after whipple operation.

Twenty five serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) have been identified worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods of virus universal detection are essential for fighting against bluetongue (BT). We have therefore developed and evaluated a pair of primers which can detect various serotypes of BTV by RT-PCR. Analysis of the viral protein 7 (VP7) and the non-structural protein (NS1) gene from different serotypes of BTV by DNAstar showed that the 5' end of the NS1 gene is the most conserved region. The primer pairs (P1 and P2) were designed based on the highly conserved region of NS1. The novel primers were evaluated by detecting BTV serotypes 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 21 and 22. The specificity of the primers was estimated by comparing to gene sequences of viruses published in GenBank, and further assessed by detecting BTV serotype 1-12 and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 1-4. The sensitivity and repeatability of PCR with the novel primers were evaluated by successfully detecting the recombinant plasmid pGEM-T121 containing the diagnosed nucleotide sequence. Our results suggest that these unique primers can be used in high throughout and universal detection of the NS1 gene from various BTV serotypes.

Objective To detect the activity of α1 antitrypsin(AAT) with initial velocity of enzymatic reaction in order to detect the activity of samples in the process of separating and purifying plasma protein ,chromogenic substrate assay was optimized.Methods The effect of trypsin concentration and reaction time on enzymatic reaction was acquired by the kinetic monitoring mode of the microplate reader .Initial velocity was calculated to confirm the largest concentration of trypsin which was saturated by substrate .AAT was incubated with trypsin and absorbance produced by enzymatic reaction of remaining trypsin and substrate could reflect the activity of AAT .A standard curve was established with △D fitting with the activity of AAT standard.The activity of related samples was detected and the precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated . Results Trypsin concentration was 0.0625 mg/ml.Within 20 minutes, enzymatic reaction was with initial velocity .The range of the standard curve was 200-1200 IU/ml.Correlation coefficient was more than 0.99.The activity of Cohn Ⅳ, samples of pre-processing and elution were (720.59 ±18.63), (601.84 ±19.18),and (568.09 ±24.83)IU/ml, respec-tively.The relative standard deviation was less than 10%. Sample recovery rate was 90%-110%.Conclusion The optimized chromogenic substrate assay greatly improves accuracy and precision .The method can be used for the detec-tion of AAT activity of samples in laboratories and workshops .

Objective To develop an effective process for isolating and purifying haptoglobin ( Hp) from Cohn fractionⅣby a new ion exchange chromatography and to preliminarily identify and analyze the product of each purification step . Methods The fraction was first diluted and impurities were adsorbed with Rivanol .Then, the supernatant was treated with 50%ammonium sulfate.Finally, the precipitate was redissolved , and Hp was purified further with Q Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography .Native-PAGE was used to measure the activity of the haptoglobin-bound hemoglobin , while SDS-PAGE analysis and immunoblot were used for identification of the target protein .Results After pretreatment , some of the impuri-ties were removed from the Cohn fraction Ⅳ, and the target protein was enriched .In our case, the target protein was Hp and Hp2-2 was the main phenotype in the human plasma fraction Ⅳ.Target protein band and high purity were identified by SDS-PAGE.Immunoblot analysis further proved that this method could successfully isolate the target protein Hp , and the activity of 2.8 U/ml was measured by Native-PAGE method.Conclusion Haptoglobin is successfully isolated from human Cohn fractionⅣwith this method.The purification process is simple and suitable for scale-up production with a good prospect.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects between laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) +laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE) and endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) + laparoscopic cholecystectomy( LC ) for secondary choledocholithiasis.MethodsThe clinical data of patients with secondary choledocholithiasis receiving LC + LCBDE or EST + LC from January 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively compared. Parameters included operation time, postoperative complication, length of stay,cost of hospitalization. All patients received follow up of 1 year. Enumeration data was analyzed by chisquare test and measurement data was analyzed by t test.ResultsIn this study 87 patients received LC +LCBDE,76 patients received EST + LC.Patients in LC + LCBDE group had shorter hospital stay, less hospital charges and less complications. There was not difference in the procedure success rate and stone remanent rate between the two groups.ConclusionsLC + LCBDE could be used as the first choice for patients with gallstones and secondary choledocholithiasis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which hydrogen(H2) helps prevent acute lung injury induced by hyperoxia (HALI) in rats.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, HALI group and H2 group, with 10 rats in each group.The control group was exposed to air at atmospheric pressure.Rats in HALI and H2 groups were exposed continuously to pure oxygen (100%O2) for 60 hours and during this period, 10 ml/kg of normal saline or H2-saturated normal saline was given every 12 hours by intraperitoneal injection to the HALI and H2 groups, respectively.After treatment, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen was examined and histopathological examination was conducted in each group.Then,RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to measure the transcriptional level and protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (human heme oxygenase 1, HO-1) in rat lung tissue.Results Compared with the HALI group, H2 group showed significantly decreased severity of lung injury and a marked increase in the arterial oxygen saturation.Besides, H2 treatment induced up-regulation of HO-1 mRNA and protein levels.Conclusion The findings suggest that HO-1 may play an important role in the protection against HALI by H2.