Objective To quantitatively examine the relationship between xeroderma pigmentosum complementation C group (XPC)rs2228000 (C /T)polymorphism and the susceptibility of breast cancer. Methods The relevant case-control studies published up to December 2015 which investigated XPC rs2228000 (C /T)polymorphism and breast cancer risk were identified by searching PubMed,Cochrane Library,Chinese Biomedical Literature Data,Wanfang Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP Database. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software and odds ratio (OR)with its 95%CI were estimated. Results A total of 8 researches involving 9 case-control studies (3 850 breast cancer cases and 5 047 healthy controls) were included.The Meta-analysis showed that there was statistical association between XPC rs2228000(C /T)variance and breast cancer risk in the homozygous model (TT vs.CC:OR =1.28,95%CI:1.08-1.52,Z =2.80,P =0.005)and recessive model (TT vs.TC +CC:OR =1.23,95%CI:1.05-1.43, Z =2.64,P =0.008),but not in the allele model,heterozygote model and dominant model.In the subgroup of ethnicity and genotyping methods,the different significant correlation was existed between them under Asian and PCR-RFLP in genetic models (T vs.C:OR =1.21,95%CI:1.05-1.40,Z =2.63,P =0.009;TT vs. CC:OR =1.55,95%CI:1.13-2.13,Z =2.70,P =0.007;TT +TC vs.CC:OR =1.26,95%CI:1.02-1.55,Z =2.19,P =0.028;TT vs.TC +CC:OR =1.39,95%CI:1.04-1.87,Z =2.23,P =0.026).We also found significant association between them in subgroup of population-based controls in the homozygous model (TT vs.CC:OR =1.27,95%CI:1.02-1.57,Z =2.16,P =0.031).Conclusion XPC rs2228000 (C /T)polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer,especially in Asian,and gene-type TT may increase the risk of breast cancer.

Objective To explore the association between Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation C group (XPC) Lys939Gln (A/C) gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of gastric cancer.Methods By searching PubMed,Cochrane Library,Elsevier,Springer-Verlag,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Biomedical Literature Data,VIP Database and Wanfang Database,all eligible case-control studies published up to September 2015 were selected and the quality of each article was valuated by two reviewers independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was performed by using STATA 12.0 software.Odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated.The text was estimated for the subgroup analysis,sensitivity analysis and publication bias test.Results A total of 7 case-control studies were included,including 2 336 cases with gastric cancer and 3 502 controls.The Meta-analysis showed that compared with the allele A,the allele C increased the risk of gastric cancer (OR =1.09,95％ CI:1.01-1.18,Z =2.12,P =0.034);compared to the genotype AA,the homozygous model (CC) and dominant model (CC + AC) also increased the risk of gastric cancer (CC vs.AA:OR =1.19,95％ CI:1.00-1.42,Z =2.00,P=0.046;CC+ACvs.AA:OR=1.12,95％CI:1.00-1.25,Z=2.03,P=0.042).The Meta-analysis showed the statistical significance between XPC Lys939Gln (A/C) gene polymorphism and the gastric cancer risk in subgroup of Asian people (C vs.A:OR =1.10,95％ CI:1.01-1.20,Z =2.28,P =0.023;CC vs.AA:OR=l.21,95％CI:1.01-1.46,Z=2.02,P=0.043;CC +AC vs.AA:OR =1.13,95％ CI:1.01-1.27,Z =2.11,P =0.035) and the source of community in the control group (C vs.A:OR =1.11,95％ CI:1.01-1.21,Z=2.25,P =0.024;CC vs.AA:OR =1.23,95％ CI:1.02-1.50,Z =2.12,P =0.034).Conclusion XPC Lys939G1n (A/C) gene polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility of gastric cancer,and genotype CC,CC + AC and allele C can increase the risk of gastric cancer.

The content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the aerial part of Panax notoginseng in different productive area was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. HPLC analysis was made on a C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm,5 microm) with acetonitrile and water containing 4.1 g x L(-1) sodium acetate as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 254 nm. The HPLC method showed good linearity within the range of 0.01 - 1.03 g x L(-1). The average recovery of GABA in the stems and leaves of P. notoginseng and the flowers of P. notoginseng was 101.7% (RSD 1.1%, n = 3) and 97.3% (RSD 0.38%, n = 3), respectively. The contents of GABA in the samples of different productive areas were not significant different, and the average contents of GABA in the stems and leaves of P. notoginseng and the flowers of P. notoginseng were 0.49% and 0.53%. This method was simple and reliable, and it was suitable for the determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the aerial part of P. notoginseng.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; analysis

Objective:To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in renal tissues of patients with hepatitis B virus- associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN).Methods:Twenty HBV-GN specimens with complete nephrology data and 10 normal renal specimens were randomly chosen for the present study.Cell apoptosis was detected by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)and the apoptotic index was calculated;immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2.ResuLts:The apoptotic index in HBV-GN group was obviously higher than that of the control group;the apoptotic cells were mainly distributed in the proximal and distal renal tubules and the collecting duct epithelial cells,seldom seen in the glomerular cells.The expression of Bcl-2 in HBV-GN patients was predominately present in the renal tubular epithelia cells(positive in the plasma,membrane and nuclear);the expression of Bax was found in both glomerular cells and renal tubular cells,mainly in tubular epithelial cells,seldom seen in Bowman's capsule or glomerular mesangial region.Conclusion:Apoptosis in the kidney of HBV-GN patients mainly occurs in the renal tubular epithelial cells;expression of Bax and Bcl-2 is mainly in the renal tubular epithelial cells,suggesting that the injury of tubular interstitial damage may be one of the important factors for the development of HBV-GN.

Objective To identify the clinical profile and neuro-imaging findings of the right temporal lobe variant of semantic dementia (RTLV),and to understand the relationship between anatomic and function by comparison to the left temporal lobe atrophy.Methods Of 70 patients with diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia in our memory clinic,three patients with right temporal lobe atrophy were identified based on the MRI scans.We obtained the profile of cognitive function,behavior and personality changes in these 3 patients and compared them with those in 5 semantic dementia (SD) patients with predominant leftsided temporal lobe atrophy.We also underwent 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) with statistical parametric mapping analysis in these 3 patients.Results In RTLV patients,the most prominent cognitive deficits were impairment of prosopagnosia,and getting lost.Variety behavioral symptoms including apathy,social disinhibition,stereotypy,compulsive behaviors were more prevalent in early course for patients with RTLV,which were different from SD patients with semantic loss began with anomia or single-word comprehension.18F-FDG-PET scan showed decreased metabolism mainly in right temporal lobe and in other brain regions with varying degrees.Conclusions The RTLV is clinical heterogeneous.Prosopagnosia,behavioral changes and getting lost are the main features in the early course.It therefore,might be proposed a separate clinical entity.

Objective To investigate the correlation between asymmetric dimethylarginine (AD-MA) and endothelial dysfunction in patients with uremia.Methods Uremic patients who did not receive hemodialysis were defined as A group (n =40) ; uremic patients who had received hemodialysis were divided into B group (n =45) ;healthy people were defined as C group (n =20) ;and chronic kidney disease (stage 2 ～ 4) patients were defined as D group (n =20).The diameter of intima-media thickness,and endothelium-dependent or independent dilation (EDD or EID) of radial artery in right forearm were detected with diasonography.The levels of ADMA were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results Compared to C group,the levels of ADMA in A,B and D groups were significantly increased [C:(0.78 ±0.19) μmol/L,A:(1.51 ±0.16) μ mol/L,B:(1.13 ±0.14) μmol/L,D:(0.92 ±0.11) μmol/L; P ＜0.05].Compared to A group,the levels of ADMA were significantly decreased in B group (P ＜0.05).EDD and EID were decreased significantly in A,B and D groups compared to C group [EDD:C:(13.52±1.73)％ vs A:(7.32 ±0.54)％,B:(9.02 ±0.86)％,D:(10.13 ±1.25)％,P ＜0.05;EID:C:(14.45±1.85)％ vsA:(10.37 ±1.51)％,B:(9.54±1.39)％,D:(11.17±1.56)％,P ＜0.05].EDD in B group was significantly lower than A group (P ＜0.05).In group A,a negative correlation was found between EDD and the level of ADMA (r =-0.81,P =0.020).Conclusions ADMA level was significantly increased in uremic patients.A close correlation existed between ADMA and endothelial dysfunction of radial artery.

Objective To investigate the metabolism and function of the intestinal microbiota from liver cirrhosis patients.Methods Sixteen cases of liver cirrhosis and twenty normal individuals were selected , whose intestinal microbiota metagenomic DNA was extracted , followed by high-throughput Solexa sequencing and the bioinformatics analysis of metabo-lism and function annotation to compare the differences between the patients and normal subjects and find out about the cir -rhosis-related functions .Results The functional diversity was significantly reduced in the intestinal microbiota of cirrhotic patients.At the module or pathway level , the intestinal microbiota of patients showed an enrichment in metabolisms of drugs, essential amino acid , propanoate metabolism and inflammatory reaction , whereas an opposite tendency was observed in the metabolic ability of butyrate , bile acid and cell cycle .Conclusion Under the influence of liver cirrhosis , the growth environment in the intestine is destroyed , causing, the intestinal microbiota the exhibit some compensation to adapt to the changed intestinal micro-environment .

Adolescent ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Dacryocystitis ; surgery ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microwaves ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Compound changpu yizhi decoction combined with nimodipine on clini-cal symptoms,cognitive function and cerebral blood flow velocity of patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)after stroke, and its medication safety. METHODS:84 MCI patients after stroke in our hospital from Feb. 2012 to Oct. 2014 were selected as re-search objects and randomly divided into observation group and control group,42 cases in each group. All patients received basic preventive treatment;control group was additionally given Nimodipine tablet 30 mg,tid,po;based on it,observation group was given Compound changpu yizhi decoction,one dose a day,taking with warm water every morning and evening. They were treated for 3 months. Clinical symptoms of patients were compared by vascular dementia TCM syndrome table before and after treatment, mini-mental state examination(MMSE)was used to compare the cognitive function of patients before and after treatment,cerebral blood flow velocity before and after treatment and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were compared. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in clinical symptom scores,cognitive function score and blood flow velocity of main artery between 2 groups(P>0.05). Clinical symptom scores of 2 groups were decreased significantly,while cognitive function and cerebral blood flow velocity were increased significantly;there was statistical significance,compared to before treatment (P<0.05). Memory scores,pain scores,complexion scores,tongue scores,pulse scores,additional scores and total scores in observa-tion group were obviously lower than control group;orientation ability scores,recall ability scores,language skills scores and com-prehensive cognitive function scores in observation group were obviously higher than control group;blood flow velocities of anteri-or cerebral artery,middle cerebral artery,posterior cerebral artery,vertebral artery and basilar artery in observation group were obvi-ously faster than control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05). The incidence of ADR in observation group and contral group were 11.90%and 9.52%,there was no statistical significance between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Compound changpu yi-zhi decoction combined with nimodipine helps to relieve clinical symptoms of MCI patients after stroke,improve cerebral blood circulation and cognitive function,with good safety.

Objective To integrate research training into clinical teaching effectively, the essential steps are understanding the students` demand and mastery, factors hindering learning and how to learn effectively.MethodsStudents in 7th grade in Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), graduate students and residents under clinical training, trained doctors for advanced studies from primary hospitals were surveyed with questionnaire by collecting educational background, the demand of learning medical research methodology, factors hindering learning, specific issues need in medical research methodology, learning model and assessment approaches.Results Totally 69 people were surveyed.92.75% of the respondents said they had studied medical research methodology and related courses before.However, 51 people (73.91%) answer they cannot read literatures with critical thinking.52 people (75.37%) indicated that they had difficulty in conducting research.58 (84.06%) people said it is very necessary to study the medical research methodology.No learning opportunities and enough time were the main hinders forlearning relevant knowledge.The top three high-demanding issues are sample size calculation and statistical knowledge, study design, and how to use the statistical software.44 (63.77%) people suggest e-learning with case based learning.Conclusions Integrate medical research methodology teaching into clinical teaching is in high-demand for students.E-learning is suggested with case based learning.