Astrocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ependymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective:To explore the effect of autoimmune regulator to TLRs expressions on peripheral antigen presenting cells(APC).Methods:①pEGFPC3-AIRE plasmid was transfected with liposome.②Confocal microscopy was used to observe the effect of transfection.③RT-PCR assay was used to detect the expressions of AIRE and TLR1-9 in RAW264.7cells at 36,48,72,96 h after transfection.Results:①The plasmid was transfected into RAW264.7 cells successfully,and the efficiency of transfection was 60~70%.②AIRE transfected RAW264.7 cells were achieved,and the best time was 72 h.③At 72 h after transfection,the expressions of TLR1,4,5,9 increased,and TLR3,7,8 reduced.The expression of TLR2,6 increased at 96 h.Conclusion:AIRE may regulate the immune response by control TLR expression in APC.It maintain the effective response to pathogen and tolerance state to self tissues through the effects to different TLRs.

Objective To explore liver protective effects of the stems and leaves and roots of Scutellariae Radix from different areas of Gansu Province;To discuss differences in liver protection of the stems and leaves and roots of Scutellariae Radix. Methods All Kunming mice were randomly divided into 11 groups:normal group, model group, positive control group, Scutellariae Radix root groups and Scutellariae Radix stem-leaf groups of Longxi, Minxian, Weiyuan, Zhangxian. The mice received gavage with relevant medicine once a day for 7 days. 2 hours after the last medication, the mice were given peritoneal injection with 0.1%CCl4 and olive oil to establish the models with liver injury. Hepatic index, the activity of serum ALT and AST, the levels of T-AOC in the liver tissue were calculated in 18 hours after establishing the models. Results Compared with the model group, hepatic index, the activity of serum ALT and AST in the mice of Scutellariae Radix root groups from difference producing areas decreased significantly (P<0.05);the levels of T-AOC in the liver tissue was raised notably (P<0.05). Compared with stem-leaf groups from the same producing area, hepatic index, the activity of ALT and AST in the mice of Scutellariae Radix root groups were remarkably lower than these of Scutellariae Radix stem-leaf groups (P<0.05);the levels of T-AOC in the liver tissue was evidently higher than that of Scutellariae Radix stem-leaf group (P<0.05). Conclusion Scutellariae Radix root water decoction can prevent and protect CCl4-induced acute liver injury to a certain degree, while Scutellariae Radix stem-leaf water decoction shows no significant protective effect on acute liver injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of adenosine preconditioning on the expression of myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCABG).Methods Forty patients, aged 44-68 yr, with more than three coronary artery obstructions and the ejection fraction≥40%,undergoing elective OPCABG, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20 each): control group and adenosine group. Adenosine group received adenosine preconditioning, with the initial infusion rate of 50 μg. kg-1.min-1, then increasing to 100μg.kg-1.min-1after 1 min, finally increasing to 150 μg. kg-1 . min-1 after 2 min and maintaining for 7 min. Vascular anastomosis was started at 5 min after preconditioning. While the control group received normal saline instead of adenosine. Tissue samples of the right auricle were taken before preconditioning (baseline) and at 15 min after blood current retum to measure the expression of myocardial TNF-α mRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA. The myocardial ultrastructure was observed and hemodynamic parameters were monitored.Results The myocardial damage was milder in the adenosine group than in the control group. The expression of myocardial TNF-α mRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA was significantly lower in the adenosine group than in the control group ( P＜0.05).Conclusion Adenosine preconditioning can attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing OPCABG through down-regulating the expression of myocardial TNF- mRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA.

Background Clinical studies indicated that the pathogenesis of most corneal dystrophy is associated with the mutation of the transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) gene.However,the molecular mechanism of mutated TGFBI gene in corneal dystrophy is unclear. Objective The present study was to investigate the expression of the TGFBI gene in human corneal tissue and cells in vitro.MethodsHuman corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes were cultured and passaged,and donor corneal tissue was obtained for the section preparation.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TGFBI mRNA in human corneal tissue and cells.Immunofluorescence was used to test the expression of the TGFBI protein in the human corneal tissue,and immunohistochemistry was used to test the expression of the TGFBI protein in human corneal epithelial cells and corneal stromal cells.ResultsRT-PCR analysis showed that TGFBI mRNA could be detected as a 1274 bp band in human corneal tissue and corneal stromal cells,but no TGFBI mRNA was observed in corneal epithelial cells.Immunofluorescence assay revealed that corneal stromal cells were positive ly expressed for the TGFBI protein,but the corneal epithelial cells did not express the TGFBI protein.Immunohistochemistry indicated that the expression of TGFBI was detected the red fluoressence in the cytoplasm of corneal stromal cells;however,no positive response was found in corneal epithelial cells.ConclusionsThe expression of the TGFBI gene occurs in human corneal stromal cells but not in the corneal epithelial cells.This result might be of helpful for studying the function and role of TGFBI gene in pathogenesis of corneal dystrophy.

Pharmacokinetic analysis has attracted more and more attentions in the research field of bioactive natural product. However, there is limited study on the pharmacokinetics of polysaccharides. This paper focused on the research progresses of pharmacokinetics of polysaccharide, summarized the applications of chromatography, isotope labeling method, spectrophotometry, fluorospectrophotometry and biological assay in the analysis of polysaccharide pharmacokinetics, elucidated the behaviors of absorption, distribution, degradation and excretion of polysaccharide in experimental animals, and revealed the effects of physicochemical characteristic, administration dose and route on the pharmacokinetic properties of polysaccharide, which could be served as a reference for the related works.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Injections ; Intestinal Absorption ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Tissue Distribution

A mAb T2-2 was generated using hybridoma techniques, and its target was identified as a 46 ku-cytokeratin (CK), based on biochemical study and a completely overlapped binding pattern of mAb T2-2 with anti-pan-CKs antibodies. An epithelia-specificity of the mAb T2-2 was determined by screening 68 human normal and 65 tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry. Unlike most of anti-CKs antibodies, the mAb T2-2 recognized a mono-specific epitope only expressed on the 46 ku CK, suggesting that mAb T2-2 is superior to most anti-CKs antibodies that cross-reacted with many different kinds of CKs. In addition, it was found that the mAb T2-2 was multipurpose with a broad applicability to ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and was also compatible with various fixation reagents. These results strongly indicate that the mAb T2-2 has potential applications for studying CKs function and for diagnosis of tumor and other disorders.

Objective:Occult breast cancer (OBC) accounts for 0.3%-1.0%of all breast cancers. Because of the rarity of this dis-ease, its treatment and prognosis remain unclear. Our study evaluated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors associated with OBC. Methods:A total of 82 patients diagnosed with OBC based on available criteria were treated at the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, between January 1968 and June 2014. Except for 16 patients who were treated by needle biopsy or excisional biopsy only and were subsequently excluded, all of the cases reported were included in the study. Of the remaining 66 patients, one was male. Patient data, tumor characteristics, and treatment and outcome variables were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. A unicentric retrospective review of 66 patients with OBC was performed. Re-sults:The median follow-up was 75.5 months (7.0-328.0). No significant differences in OS and DFS were observed between patients who underwent mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection (Mast+ALND) and those who underwent breast conservation surgery (P>0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that nodal status is a significant prognosis factor of DFS (P=0.031). Conclusion:No significant difference in treatment outcomes between mastectomy+ALND and breast conservation surgery was observed. Nodal status may be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in OBC patients.

From the perspective of clinical doctors, in the teaching idea, national policy, school policies and different stages of clinicians cultivation , the article introduced the concept of translational medicine in the process of the clinical doctors tralning in the United States. It described US medical schools' (U.S. Virginia University School of medicine, for example) implementation ap-proach of translational medicine ideas in different stages, such as before entering school, during the period of school, practice exam and physician clinician tralning. It provided the reference for the de-velopment of translational medicine education in the process of China clinician education and tralning, including:medical students' integration into the related clinical research in preschool through volunteer service, the choice of multiple combination model of clinical science and basic research, interdisci-plinary examination of medical practitioners and the provisions of the research work in resident and specialist tralning stage.

Objective:To study the expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) in rat cerebral ischemia model and the neuroprotective effect of Ngb after ischemia and hypoxia. Methods: Totally 113 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, hemorrhagic infarction (HI) group and hemin treatment group. The brain water content, infarcted tissue volume, neuropathologic changes (H-E staining) and expression of Ngb (immunocytochemical staining) were examined 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after model establishment. Results: The brain water contents and the infarcted tissue volumes in the hemin treatment group were significantly different from those of the MCAO group and HI group (P