Objective To investigate the effects of morphine on PTEN expression and NF-κB activity in human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803.Methods The human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 was purchased from Cell Biology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and cultured in DMEM liquid culture medium.The cells were randomly divided into 2 groups(n = 6 each): control group and morphine group.The cells was exposed to 0.1 μmol/L morphine in morphine group.The apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry after being incubated with morphine for 24 h.PTEN expression and NF-κB activity were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The apoptotic rate was significantly increased,PTEN expression was up-regulated and NF-κB activity was significantly decreased in morphine group compared with control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Morphine can promote the apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells by up-regulating PTEN expression and decreasing NF-κB activity.

Objective To investigate the effect of fentanyl on the viability of human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. Methods The human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 was purchased from Cell Biology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and cultured in DMEM liquid culture medium. The cells were seeded in 6-well or 96-well plates and divided into 3 groups (n = 60 wells each): group Ⅰ normal control (group C); group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were exposed to fentanyl 0.01 and 1.00 μmol/L respectively (group F1, F2). The viability of the cells was detected by MTT assay after being incubated with fentanyl for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h. The cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry and the ulrastructure of the cells was examined with transmission electron microscope after being incubated with fentanyl for 24 h. The proliferation of the cells was determined by colony formation assay at 7 day of incubation with fentanyl. Results The viability and proliferation of the cells and the proportion of the cells in S phase were significantly lower, while the proportion of the cella in G2/M phase and the apoptotic rate were higher in group F1 and F2 than in group C but no significant difference was found between group F1 and F2. The nuclear evelope was intact, the nucleolus and chromosomes were clearly visible in group C, while in group F1 and F2 fregmentation of nuclear envelope and nucleolus, chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed in group F2. Conclusion Fentanyl can inhibit the viability of human gastric cancer cells by its pro-apoptosis inducing effect.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt ) pathway in hippocampus of propofol anesthetized neonatal rats. Methods Eighty Sprague-Dawley male rats,aged 7 days,weighing 10-1 5 g,were randomly divided into 8 groups (n= 10 each):normal saline group (group N),DMSO group (group D),intralipid group (group I),propofol group (group P),dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg,50 μg/kg and 75 μg/kg +propofol 100 mg/kg groups (groups PD25 ,PD50 and PD7 5 ),LY294002 25 μg + dexmedetomidine 75μg/kg + propofol 100 mg/kg group (group LYPD).The hippocampus of rats in all groups were taken 2 h after the animals fully awake.The ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed by transmission electron microscope.The pAkt-(ser473 )protein and Akt protein in the hippocampus were evaluated by Western blot analysis.Results There was no significant difference in the expression of Akt protein among the eight groups.Compared with group N,the expression of pAkt (ser473)protein was significantly down-regulated in groups P,PD25 ,PD50 ,PD7 5 and LYPD (P <0.05).Compared with group P,the expression of pAkt (ser473)protein was increased significantly in groups PD7 5 and LYPD (P <0.05).Compared with group PD7 5 ,the expression of pAkt (ser473) protein was significantly down-regulated in group LYPD (P <0.05 ).The structure of hippocampal neurons was normal in groups N,I and D.Nuclear nuclei swelling,chromatin decreasing and mito-chondrion vacuolar degeneration were observed in group P while improved gradually with dexmedeto-midine in a dose-dependent manner in groups PD25 ,PD50 and PD7 5 .Neurons karyopyknosis,partial dissolution of nuclear membrane,chromatin condensation,mitochondria vacuolar degeneration were observed in group LYPD.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine pretreatment provides neuroprotection against propofol-induced hippocampal destruction by preserving PI3K/Akt pathway activity in the de-veloping brains.

OBJECTIVETo observe the vasodilating effect of adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) by antagonizing angiotensin 1 (Ang II), and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSEighteen male, 180-200 g SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6): control group, Ang II (150 ng/(kg x min)) group and Ang II (150 ng/(kg x min)) + ADM2(500 ng/(kg x h)) group. Mini-osmotic pumps filled with peptide were implanted in the back of rats subcutaneously. After two weeks, the blood pressure was measured by the way of carotid intubation. The plasma was collected for the detection of nitric oxide (NO) content and the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The in situ oxidation of fluorescent dye dihydroethidium (DHE) was used for detecting superoxide in rat arteries. The rat isolated arterial rings were made for studying the vasodilating effect of ADM2. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell line EA. hy 926 cells were cultured and their intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by probe DCFH-DA.

RESULTSADM2 dramatically decreased the blood pressure in angiotensin II-induced hypertension rat model, enhanced plasma NO content and the activity of eNOS and reduced superoxide formation in vessel walls. ADM2 also induced relaxation of the vascular rings preconstricted by Ang II in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. In cultured vascular endothelium, ADM2 ameliorated the ROS generation induced by Ang II.

CONCLUSIONAdrenomedullin 2 relaxed blood vessels by antagonizing angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and improving the vascular endothelial function.

Adrenomedullin ; pharmacology ; Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the mechanism of BVT. 2733 on insulin resistance, by using diet-induced obese (DIO) mice model. Methods After having been balanced for 3 days, the C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal diet group and a high-fat diet (HFD) group. After 20 weeks, the obese mice were further randomly divided into an obese control group, a BVT. 2733 group and a pioglltazone (PGZ) group and they were orally administered with placebo, BVT. 2733 and PGZ separately for two weeks.Adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression levels from adipose tissue were analyzed with real-time quantitative PCR. The levels of plasma glucose, serum insulin and adiponectin were measured with biochemical technology, radioimmunoassay and ELISA. Adipocyte sizes were observed with immunohistocbemistry.Results The body weight, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels raised(P<0.05)in the HFD group and the adipocyte sizes were bigger. Serum insulin levels significantly reduced (P<0.05) and adipocyte sizes reduced, while plasma adiponectin level raised (P<0.01)in the two treatment groups as compared with those in obese controls. Both the mRNA expressions of adiponectin and leptin upregulated(P<0.05)in the PGZ group, but their expressions in the BVT. 2733 group did not alter significantly. The body weight of the mice reduced significantly in the BVT. 2733 group. Conclusion BVT. 2733 can reduce body weight significantly and improve insulin resistance, but cannot influence the expression of adipocytokines.

We wished to select a cold-adapted genotype G1P[8] ZTR-68 rotavirus (China southwest strain) in MA104 cells for possible use as a live vaccine. ZTR-68 was recovered originally from children with diarrhea. The virus was cultivated at 37 degrees C at the first passage. Then, the cultivation temperature was decreased stepwise by 3 degrees C per eight passages. In total, the virus was passaged 32 times, and cultivation was terminated at 28 degrees C. Biological characteristics of the virus were analyzed during serial passages. There was no difference between the migration patterns of genomic dsRNA segments according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of original and cold-adapted viruses. Infectious and red cell-agglutination titers of cold-adapted virus were lower than those of the parent virus. Also, the virus formed small-size plaques with irregular shapes at 31 degrees C and 28 degrees C. These results suggested that a genetically stable attenuated virus can be obtained through serial cold-adapted passages. Thus, an alternative strategy is provided by cold-adaption for development of attenuated live rotavirus vaccines.
Adaptation, Physiological ; China ; Cold Temperature ; Diarrhea ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Serial Passage ; Virus Cultivation ; Virus Replication

Objective To explore the influence of early rapidly increased amino acid dosaging on the nitrogen balance and growth in preterm infants.Methods A total of 37 prematures admitted to our NICU within 24 hours after birth and with birth weight of 1 000 g to 1 800 g from November 2011 to January 2013 were randomly divided into study group (n =18) and control group (n =19).Parenteral nutrition (PE) was provided in both groups within 24 hours after birth.The starting amino acid dose was 1.5g/kg per day,then rose by 1 g/kg per day in study group and by 0.5 g/kg per day in control group,until to maximum of 3.5 g/kg per day.The dosage of lipids,glucose,and electrolytes in parenteral nutrition was provided routinely.The trial was double-blinded.Results In the first 5 days of PE,the nitrogen balance had no significant difference between these two groups (F =0.025,P =0.652) ; however,the time of regaining birth weight was significantly shorter in study group [(7.23±2.48) d] than in control group [(9.42±2.03) d] (t=-2.090,P=0.044).There were no differences between these two groups in trems of completely feeding time,weight gain rate,head circumference growth rate,length of hospital stay,and hospital costs (all P ＞ 0.05).Meanwhile,the rates of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,sepsis,mechanical ventilation administration,and damage of hepatic and renal function were also not significantly different.The administration of different dosages of amino acids did not affect the energy intake in both groups (F =1.893,P =0.218).Conclusions Prematures need early amino acid administration,with a starting dosage of more than 1.5 g/(kg · d).Rapid increase of amino acid dosing will not affect early nitrogen balance in premature infants; meanwhile,it contributes to weight gain without increasing the complications and hospitalization costs.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of Chuankezhi Injection atomization inhalation in treating capillary bronchitis.Methods 93 ninety-three children cases of capillary bronchitis were in our hospital from January to December 2015were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group(50 cases) and control group(43 cases) according to the random number table method.The two groups were given the same routine treatment.The treatment group was simuhaneously given 1 mL of Chuankezhi Injection adding into 4 mL of 0.9％ Sodium Chloride Injection,the mixture was inhaled by oxygen atomization at a speed of 4-5 L/s for 10-12 min,with 7 d as one treatment course.The clinical effect,clinical symptom disappearance situation and hospitalization time in the two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate in the treatment group was 98.0％ (49/50),which was higher than 79.1％ (34/43) in the control group;the disappearance time of cough,dyspnea and pulmonary wheezes and crackles and rales,and hospitalizatiorn time in the treatment group were (6.15 ± 1.50)d,(4.5 ± 1.90)d,(4.60 ± 1.70)d,(5.52 ±1.31)d and (6.55±2.30) d respectively,which were significantly better than (7.19 ± 1.85) d,(5.7 ± 2.10) d,(5.81 ± 1.82) d,(6.50 ± 1.83)d and (7.48 ± 2.51) d in the control group,the differences of various indexes between the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Chuankezhi Injection in the assisted treatment of capillary bronchitis has significantly effect and better clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the effects of dietary consumption of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) on the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred and eighty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from a community in Shanghai were randomly divided into MUFA intervention group (MUFA group,n=125) and control group (n=60). The patients in MUFA group consumed tea oil enriched in MUFA for 3 months,while those in control group consumed normal oil. The serum glucose (fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial glucose),fasting insulin and blood lipid were examined before intervention and three months after intervention,and the parameters were compared within groups and between groups. Results The serum fasting glucose,fasting insulin,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol 3 months after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention in MUFA group (P0.05),while the serum fasting glucose,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in MUFA group were significantly lower than those in control group 3 months after intervention (P0.05). Conclusion Dietary consumption of MUFA can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective Previous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is closely related to cardiac remodeling. How?ever, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Moreover, oxidative stress plays an important role on the pathologies of cardiac remodeling. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of VD deficiency on cardiac oxidative stress and the potential sig?nal pathway. Methods The male C57 mice ( 3 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: vitamin D deficiency ( VDD ) group ( vitamin D deficiency feed for 10 weeks) , vitamin D deficiency ( VDA) group ( vitamin D sufficiency feed for 10 weeks) and VDD+calcitriol ( CAL) group ( vitamin D deficiency feed for 10 weeks and then vitamin D sufficiency feed and calcitriol treatment for 10 weeks) . Results There were significant differences between the VDD group and the VDA group in the left ventricular end?diastolic diameter and left ventricular mass index (3.82±0.125 mm vs 3.748±0.092 mm, P<0.05) (119.30±8.54 vs 97.60±3.65, P<0.05). The number of myocardial cells stained with 8?OHDG was higher in the VDD group compared with the VDA group ( 65. 4 ± 2. 3 vs 21. 8 ± 1. 6, P<0.05) whereas was lower after calcitriol supplement. Furthermore, the expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) was sig?nificantly up?regulated and the ratio of p?ASK?1/ASK?1, cytochrome C release, and caspase3 activation were increased in the VDD group . Conclusion VDD can lead to cardiac oxidative injury and the up?regulation of TXNIP and the activation of ASK?1 related apoptotic signal cascade may be involved in this procedure.