Objective To study the prostate volume of normal children and adolescents and to evaluate the development of prostate central zone and peripheral zone.To provide the preliminary MRI standards of prostate growth and development for nomal Chinese children and adolescents.Methods Five hundred and fifty eight healthy male volunteers,aged from 2 to 25 years were retrospectively analysed.They were divided into 5 groups by the ages (group A:2 to 5 years,group B:6 to 10 years,group C:11 to 15 years,group D:16 to 20 years and group E:21 to 25 years).All the volunteers underwent conventional MRI examinations at our institution (T2WI axial and coronal image acquisition).The prostate volume of different age groups were measured,the development of the central zone and peripheral zone were scored by two radiologists,and the datas were treated by Nonparametric test.Results Group A children's prostate nearly not development,only individual MRI measurable its size; Group B most not development,only 6 children visible prostate form,but can't distinguish the anatomical division; Group C prostate gland development better,MRI can measure the size,but distinguish its central and peripheral area is difficult ; Group D prostate gland development rapidly,differences are obvious,but only a few central and peripheral area boundary clear; Group E the central and peripheral area boundary clear,form full,T2 WI signal contrast clear.The median prostate volumes of 5 groups were 0.000,0.000,2.450,7.990 and 10.600 cm3,respectively(x2 =215.452,P ＜ 0.01).The median prostate scores of 5 groups were 0.04,0.31,1.34,2.23 and 2.60,the prostate volumes were significant difference among these 5 groups except group A and group B(x2 =127.460,P ＜0.01),there were significant difference among the volumes and the scores of these five groups (P ＜0.01).Conclusions MRI provided the basis of objective and truth for the the measurements of volume and the observations of prostate development in this study,that offers preliminary reference range for normal Chinese children and adolescents prostate development status.

Pharmacokinetic analysis has attracted more and more attentions in the research field of bioactive natural product. However, there is limited study on the pharmacokinetics of polysaccharides. This paper focused on the research progresses of pharmacokinetics of polysaccharide, summarized the applications of chromatography, isotope labeling method, spectrophotometry, fluorospectrophotometry and biological assay in the analysis of polysaccharide pharmacokinetics, elucidated the behaviors of absorption, distribution, degradation and excretion of polysaccharide in experimental animals, and revealed the effects of physicochemical characteristic, administration dose and route on the pharmacokinetic properties of polysaccharide, which could be served as a reference for the related works.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Injections ; Intestinal Absorption ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Tissue Distribution

Objective To explore the feasibility of quantitative assessment of pancreatic perfusion using dynamic contrastenhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).Methods Totally 68 healthy volunteers were divided into youth,middle and old groups according to ages.All volunteers underwent pancreas DCE-MRI examination.Images were transmitted to Research-DCE MRI Tool workstation to calculate the quantitative parameters,including volume transfer constant (Ktrans),interstitium-toplasma rate constant (Kep),interstitial volume (Ve) and plasma volume (Vp).Independent sample t test and one-way ANOVA test were used to evaluate the differences of pancreatic perfusion.Results There were no significant differences of Ktrans,Kep, Ve and Vp between male and female;Ve in old group was higher than that in youth and middle groups (P =0.036,0.001);Vp of pancreatic head was higher than that of pancreatic body and tail (P=0.011,0.023).Conclusion DCE-MRI can be applied to provide a reliable quantitative assessment of pancreatic perfusion noninvasively.The parameters of DCE-MRI of pancreatic perfusion are independent of gender but vary with age and pancreatic sites.

Objective To improve the understanding of malignant triton tumor on imaging findings.Methods CT and MRI findings of rare malignant triton tumor in 3 cases confirmed histologically were analysed with review of the literatures.Results 3 tumors included prostatic malignant triton tumor with pulmonary metastatic tumors and neurofibromatosis-I in 1 case,left haunch malignant triton tumor in 1 case and right maxillary sinus malignant triton tumor with destruction of maxillary sinus paries in 1 case.The imaging appearances of tumors were the huge soft tissue mass which strongly suggested malignant tumors,high signal intensity on T2WI,circular septa inside the tumors with low signal intensity.Conclusion Although the qualitative diagnosis of malignant triton tumor depends on pathological examination,CT and MRI play a useful role in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this tumors.

Objective To explore surgical methods of removing polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) and the right time of repairing the deformity of breast after removing PAHG.Methods We operated with endoscopy to remove PAHG through the lower mammary areolar incision.According to injection influence,we made the dicision whether to put the silicon gel prosthesis (hereafter referred to as prosthesis) simultaneously,and to fix the porsthesis,and to rebuild the imframammary fold of breast using biological repair membrane (hereafter referred to as membrane).Results In all 46 patients,39 patients' injection and their envelope were removed entirely.7 patients left part of the envelope because of its thin and wide characters.14 of them accepted prosthesis augmentation mammaplasty simultaneously and 5 of these accepted membrane repair.4 patients received prosthesis augmentation in stage Ⅱ.All patients' incision were primary healing.The incision scars were not obvious.1 patient with breast cancer suffered breast excision; 1 patient who received prosthesis and membrane simultaneously appeared prosthesis displacement after 3 months and fixed again.1 patient who received membrane appeared hydrops in residual cavity,and the membrane was removed finally.Conclusions This method with endoscopy through mammary areolae is necessary for cleaning PAHG entirely.We can use prosthesis to repair the deformity of breast after removing PAHG,and if necessary use membrane to fix the implant and rebuild the inframammary fold of the breast.

Objective To investigate the imaging findings of Ewing’s sarcoma in ilium,pubis,and ischium,and to improve the diagnostic veracity.Methods The imaging manifestations of 1 5 patients with pathologically proved Ewing’s sarcoma in ilium,pubis or ischium were retrospectively analyzed.All the 1 5 patients were underwent X-ray examination.Among them,12 cases performed CT examination and 1 1 cases performed MRI examination.Results In all the 1 5 Ewing’s sarcoma patients,8 lesions located at the iliac.7 lesions located at the pubic and ischial.12 cases showed simple osteolytic bone destruction on X-ray images,3 cases showed mixed bone destruction.All the 1 5 cases showed soft-tissue mass around the lesion.On CT images,7 cases showed swelling in the periphery of the lesion areas and internal osteolytic bone destruction,5 cases showed irregular oateomas,hyperosteogeny or osteo-sclerosis surrounding bone destruction areas,6 cases showed irregular periosteal reactionsurrounding the lesion areas,12 cases showed soft-tissue mass surrounding the lesion areas.On MRI,7 cases showed long T1 and long T2 signal,4 caese showd T1 low and T2 heterogeneous high signal,5 cases showed high signal in the fat suppression sequences.All the 1 1 cases who underwent MRI examination showed bone destruction and soft tissue mass on MRI.Conclusion Although rare,Ewing’s sarcomas of the ilium,pu-bis,and ischium have some certain image features.X-ray,CT and MRI examinations play an important role in the diagnosis and dif-ferent diagnosis of these conditions.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with simvastatin and fenofibrate in patients with combined hyperlipidemia.

METHODSA total of 221 patients with combined hyperlipidemia were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg simvastatin (n = 72) or 200 mg fenofibrate (n = 68), or a combination of 10 mg simvastatin + 200 mg fenofibrate (n = 81) for 6 months. Lipid profiles, physical and laboratory investigations for adverse effects were assessed.

RESULTS(1) Combination treatment were more effective in normalizing lipid profile than any monotherapy. Serum TC, LDL-C, and TG were reduced by 30%, 37% and 56% respectively, whilst HDL-C significantly increased by 24% (all P < 0.01). The improvement in TG and HDL-C achieved by combination treatment was superior to fenofibrate or simvastatin alone. (2) The success rate of TC, LDL-C and TG control in the combination therapy group were 51%, 55% and 61% respectively, with an overall success rate (all three together) of 45%, which was superior to either drug given as monotherapy. (3) All treatments were well tolerated with no increase in adverse events for combination therapy versus monotherapy.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study demonstrated that combination therapy with fenofibrate (200 mg/day) and low-dose simvastatin (10 mg/day) is more effective than monotherapy in patients with combined hyperlipidemia, and is generally safe and well tolerated.

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Fenofibrate ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V ; drug therapy ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Simvastatin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative parameters of pancreatic cancer at 3.0T MR.Methods 27 patients with pathologically proved pancreatic cancers were underwent DCE-MR at a 3.0 T scanner.AToft with Vp model was used to quantify K trans ,k ep ,Ve and Vp in the pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissues.All parameters among different tissues were analyzed and compared by SPSS1 7.0.Results The K trans 、k ep 、Ve 、Vp values of pancreatic cancer were(0.303± 0.321)min,(1.387±1.486)min,(25.07±10.98)%and(3.420±4.692)% respectively ,while those values of normal pancreatic tis-sue were (1.235±0.777)min,(9.277 ± 7.996 )min,(1 7.89 ± 8.882 )%,and(7.1 96 ± 6.704)%,respectively.The differences be-tween the four parameters of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue were statistically significant(F =33.188,25.414,6.984, 5.78,P <0.05).Conclusion Quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI accurately reflect changes in tumor blood perfusion and microcir-culation,they may be helpful to differentiate the atypical lesion.

Objective To compare radiation dose and image quality of prospectively ECG-triggered sequence acquisition mode and Flash(high-pitch spiral acquisition)mode in DSCT angiography of children with congenital heart disease.Methods Sixty children with clinically suspected congenital heart disease and undertook DSCT prospectively ECG-triggered scan were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups.The Flash mode and prospective sequence scanning mode were applied in group A and B,respectively.The CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),effective dose(E),and image quality were compared between two groups.Refered to surgery or cardiac angiography(DSA),the diagnostic coincidence rates were compared between two groups.Results The CTDIvol in group A and B was(0.32 ± 0.10)and(1.40 ± 0.43)mGy(t=13.32,P＜0.05),respectively.The DLP was(6.46 ±1.92)and(17.91 ±4.80)mGy·cm(t=7.97,P＜0.05).E was(0.19±0.05)and(0.45±0.12)mSv (t=16.64,P＜0.05).The image quality score in group A(4.03 ± 1.15)was higher than that in group B (3.13 ± 1.38)(t=3.55,P＜0.05).The total diagnostic coincidence rates were 100％(A)and 93％ (B).But the deformity diagnostic coincidence rates in group A(91％)was higher than that in group B (75％)(x2=7.72,P＜0.05).Conclusions In DSCT diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children,using flash scan mode can reveal more cardiac deformities than using prospective sequence scanning mode,and could reduce the radiation dose.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) at different sites including the chest (covered and uncovered),forehead and scapula,compared with total serum bilirubin (TSB) before and after phototherapy.Method Neonates who underwent blood test of TSB together with the average TcB at chest over 6 mg/dl from September 2015 to July 2016 in our Hospital were enrolled in our study.TcB measurements were done by the transcutaneous bilirubinometer (JH20-1 C) at the sites of the chest,forehead and scapula within 30 minutes after venous or arterious blood sampling for testing TSB after admission.An area of 2 cm diameter over the left chest was covered during phototherpy.TSB was tested immediately and within 12 ～ 24 hours after phototherapy,while TcB was measured within 0.5 hour after blood sampling at the covered sites over the left chest,right chest,forehead and scapula.IBM SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis.Data were compared via Pearson correlation analysis,ANOVA of repeated measurement data,student's t test and Bland-Altman analysis.Result A total of 437 data were collected from 364 neonates were enrolled in our study.Before phototherapy,the values of TcB at different sites were highly correlated and consistent with TSB (P ＜ 0.05),especially taken from the chest (the difference value of TcB and TSB-1.2 ± 2.3 mg/dl).Immediately and within 12 ～ 24 hours after the phototherapy,the values of TSB and TcB taken from the covered left chest showed the highest consistency (-1.2±2.3 mg/dl and-0.5 ± 1.6 mg/dl).When TSB exceeded 15 mg/dl before phototherapy,the difference between TSB and TcB taken from chest was 1.5 ± 1.6 mg/dl,while if TSB was below 15 mg/dl,the difference was-1.9 ± 1.9 mg/dl.They were significantly different (P ＜ 0.001).And difference between TSB and TcB taken from chest was not affected by gender gestational age,birth weight,days of birth and different measurements.When TcB taken from the covered or uncovered chest was less than the TSB threshold value of 3.3 mg/dl for phototherapyl,or the TcB of the left covered sternum lower than the threshold value of 2.6 mg/ml for cessation of phototherapy,97.5％ of the TSB would not exceed the corresponding value.Conclusion The TcB values of both uncovered chest before phototherapy and covered chest after phototherapy were highly consistent with TSB,and could be applied in the replacement of TSB in the assessment and management of neonatal jaundice.