OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the improvement of innovation of the management of licensed pharmacists associations in China. METHODS: We analyzed the characteristics of licensed pharmacists associations, defined the connotation of "management innovation" and discussed the strategies for the management innovation of licensed pharmacists associations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The innovation strategies for the management of licensed pharmacists associations in China include idea innovation, system innovation, technological innovation and management mode innovation etc to maintain a sustainable development of organization.

Objective To evaluate the roles of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in predicting the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by studying the correlation between them.Methods A total of 202 patients with CAP admitted from December 2011 to December 2012 were enrolled in this study.All these patients were checked with laboratory tests for BNP level,C-reactive protein (CRP),white blood cell count (WBC) as well as other markers needed for obtaining pneumonia severity index (PSI).The differences in BNP levels,CRP levels,and WBC were compared among different degrees of pneumonia severity,and the correlation between BNP levels and PSI was investigated by a linear correlation analysis.The patients enrolled were divided into a high-risk group (defined as Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade of PSI) and a low-risk group (defined as Ⅰ-Ⅲgrade of PSI).Meanwhile,they were also divided into a survivor group and a non-survivor group according to outcomes.BNP levels between the two groups were compared,and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on the BNP levels versus PSI.Results BNP levels increased with CAP severity (r =0.782,P ＜0.01).The mean level of BNP (263.2 ± 119.6) pg/mLof patients in the high-risk group was significantly higher than that of patients (71.5 ± 54.3) pg/mL in the low-risk group (P ＜ 0.01).The patients in the non-survivor group had significantly higher BNP levels compared to the survivor group [(343.86 ± 125.49) vs.(183.00 ±121.71) pg/mL,P ＜ 0.01].In addition,there were positive correlations between BNP levels and PSI (r =0.782,P＜0.001),between BNP levels and CRP levels (r =0.560,P＜0.01),and between BNP levels and WBC (r =0.513,P＜0.001).The BNP level had a high accuracy in predicting the severity of CAP (AUC =0.952).The optimal cut-off point of BNP level for distinguishing high-risk from low-risk patients was 125.0 pg/mL,with a semitivity of 0.891 and a specificity of 0.946.Moreover,BNP level had a definite accuracy in predicting mortality (AUC =0.823).Its optimal cut-off point for predicting death was 299.0 pg/mL,with a sensitivity of 0.675 and a specificity of 0.816; its negative predictive cut-off value was 0.926,and positive predictive value was 0.426.Conclusions BNP level is positively correlated with the severity of CAP.The patient with BNP level above 125.0 pg/mL should be hospitalized immediately and patients with BNP level higher than 299.0 pg/mL are at the high risk of death.Therefore,BNP is a useful biomarker for evaluating the severity of patients with CAP.

BACKGROUND:Elastic stable intramedulary nailing and titanium plate fixation are two methods for the treatment of midshaft clavicular fractures. Current research about comparison of these two methods is not too much, and most of cases were retrospectively analyzed. OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of elastic stable intramedulary nailing and titanium plate fixation for midshaft clavicular fractures. METHODS:The PubMed database, CBM, EMbase database, Cochrane Library database, CNKI database and Wangfang database were searched to collect the trials on midshaft clavicular fractures. The searching time ranged from the date of building to September 2015. The quality of trails was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Seven trials involving 512 patients were included. (2) Meta-analysis results showed the postoperative functional recovery was better in the elastic stable intramedulary nailing group than that of the plate fixation group (P< 0.01). (3) The average bone union time, operation time, incision length,intraoperative blood loss and the hospital stay of the elastic stable intramedulary nailing group were less than those of the plate fixation group (P< 0.01). (4) There were no significant differences in incidence rate of complications between two groups.(5) It is concluded that elastic stable intramedulary nailing for treating midshaft clavicular fractures is superior to the plate fixation in the efficacy. As the first choice for treatment of midshaft clavicular fractures, above conclusions are needed to be verified by large-scale multi-center randomized controled trials.

Objective To study the effect of valsartan on expression of MCP-1 in the myocardium of diabetic rats,to investigate the protective effect of valsartan on the myocardium of diabetic rats.Methods 30 rats were divided into at random:normal control group(NC group),diabetic model group(DM group),diabetic model plus valsartan therapy group(DV group).Diabetic rats were induced by STZ,at 8th week,expression of MCP-1 in the myocardium of diabetic rats,and diabetic rats treated with valsartan was detected respectively by using immunohistochemistry.Results At 8th week,the expression of MCP-1 of DM group was much higher than in both DV group and NC group(P

Objective To investigate the relation between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and type Ⅳ collagen and the renal lesion of diabetes mellitus in diabetic rats. Methods Wistar rats were divided at random into normal control group(NC group) and diabetic model group(DM group), each group containing 20 animals. The rats models of diabetic mellitus were induced by streptozotocin(STZ). At the 8th week after induction, the expression levels of VEGF and type IV collagen in the kidney tissues in the two groups of rats were detected using immunohistochemistry. At the same time, the renal function of the rats was measured. Results At the 8th week,the expression levels of VEGF and type IV collagen of kidney tissues in DM group was much higher than those in NC group(P

It is documented that nearly half of the global population have been infected with Helicobacter pylori (Hp).In Chinese consensus report on management of Hp infection,bismuth quadruple therapy composed of proton pump inhibitor,bismuth and two antibiotics is recommended as the first-line Hp eradication regimen.However,large doses of oral antibiotics and PPI often disrupt the well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic state,and impair the protective effect of biological barrier.Furthermore,the alteration of microbial composition secondary to eradication therapy might be associated with the increased adverse effects of Hp eradication therapy and re-infection.This paper summarized the advances in study on effects of Hp eradication therapy on intestinal microecology and the advantages of probiotics supplementation in Hp eradication therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the improvement of licensed pharmacists associations in China.METHODS:To analyze the misunderstanding of marketing and marketing strategies of the licensed pharmacists associations in China.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The licensed pharmacists associations in China should acquire the marketing idea of market guide and society guide,and optimize grouping the product strategies,place strategies,promotion strategies,prize strategies in order to realize the goal of marketing management of the organization.

Child ; Diarrhea ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective:Study the relationship of HLA I and B7 1 to elucidate the role of costimulatory molecule on antigen presentation in immunological rejection.Methods:FCM was applied to detect the expression of B7 1 Then the cytotoxicity of PBML was observed before and after blocking the HLA I Results:The level of HLA I expression increased greatly(P

Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; genetics ; Mutation ; WT1 Proteins ; genetics