OBJECTIVE:To provide some suggestions for reference in establishment of clinical pharmacist institution in China.METHODS:Through analysing the present policy,mechanism,education,social psychology and law,the difficulties confronting us in establishment of clinical pharmacist institution were discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:It needs to improve the mechanism in many aspects and to intensify the reform continuously in the process of establishing clinical phar-macist institution.

OBJECTIVE:To study the characteristics of doctors'behavior in clinical pharmaceutical service in hospi?tal.METHODS:Using statistical method,the doctors at their posts in nationwide scope were sampled and investigated by question-naires.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Hospital doctors have a relatively vague cognizance of clinical pharmacists'work and they are cautious about clinical pharmaceutical service.They admit that they have requirements of clinical pharma?ceutical service,but at the same time they doubt of the pharmacists'capability,and they are just willing to accept the service selectively.

OBJECTIVE:To study the behavioral characteristics of nurses(or chief nurses)in the clinical pharmacy ser?vices.METHODS:Statistical method like questionnaires was used to investigate the clinical nurses(or chief nurses)nationwide at random.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The nurses(or chief nurses)had positive attitudes towards clinical pharmacy services and thought highly of the clinical pharmacists'work both inwardly and outwardly.There is a great need for the knowledge of the pharmacy administration method in the clinical pharmacy services.

OBJECTIVE:This article discusses the development of a new commodity flow pattern,acting delivery,in Chi?nese pharmaceutical circulation.METHODS:Using comparative method to analyze the reasons,the operating framework and the present strategies on developing acting delivery.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The new pattern of acting delivery is con?ducive to reduce pharmaceutical circulation cost,to strengthen enterprises'competitiveness and to use social resources more rationally.That is an inevitable development tendency for Chinese pharmaceutical circulation market and for following inter?national practice.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference material for standardization of lice ns ed pharmacist's consultation service METHODS:From the angle of The Law of Pro tecting Consumer's Rights and Interests,the legal relation between pharmacist and customer,rights and duties of the two parties and fair-honest dealings wer e analysed RESULTS & CONCLUSION:In the new pharmaceutical service,the licens ed pharmacists should take public health as the focus of work,carry out consult ation service according to law,so as to promote the development of social healt h undertaking

Social capital is an invisible capital form that promotes the efficient allocation and utilization of resources.It plays an active role in the prevention and control of chronic diseases.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social capital on the three levels prevention of stroke by means of document retrieval.Social capital is associated with both morbidity and mortality of stroke.Social participation and social support at a high level can promote the rehabilitation of stroke patients,and have a beneficial effect on improving the quality of life and the ability of daily life.Social capital is correlated with stroke related behavioral factors,such as smoking,drinking,obesity,diet and physical activity.People with high social capital stock are more likely to choose healthy behavior patterns,thus reducing the risk of stroke.We should take full account of the social capital factors,and make more comprehensive and effective completion of the three levels of stroke prevention.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the risk in clinical pharmacy service in order to provide reference for Chinese hospitals in both guarding against and reducing risk.METHODS:This study adopted a classified method to set forth the tactics on re?ducing risk of both organization and individual person in clinical pharmacy practice after analyzing the risk factors.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:It is important for the working personnel who engage in clinical pharmacy work to heighten their con?sciousness of risk and to strengthen managing it.

Objective To explore the clinical value of hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital uterine malformation. Method The clinical data of 53 cases with congenital uterine malformation being diagnosed and treated by hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 53 diagnosed cases included 25 with incomplete uterus septum, 14 with complete uterus septum, 4 with rudimentary horn of uterus, 3 with unicomuate uterus, 2 with bicornuate uterus, 3 with double-uterus, 2 with bicorbate uterus. Hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy could diagnose the lesions in the uterine and the abdominal cavity, also could rectify the uterine malformation simultaneously. Ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy all could not diagnose the uterine malformation completely correct, but hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy could do. Conclusion Hysteroscopy combined with iaparoscopy is safe and effective, which can be the first-line selection for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital uterine malformation.

0.05). The vanadium and titanium contents in surface water were higher than those in ground water (P

Objective To investigate whether the protection of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is mediated by toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/NF-kB pathway,and whether these effects are related to the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 min of ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 3 h of reperfusion to induce I/R injury.IPC was performed by 4 cycles of 3-min left coronary artery occlusion followed by 5-min reperfusion before the I/R.The expression of TLR4 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR.TLR4 and NF-kB protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Myocardial infarct size,CGRP concentration in plasma and activity of creatine kinase in serum were also measured.Results IPC significantly reduced the infarct size and creatine kinase activity concomitantly with the increase in plasma CGRP concentration.The expressions of TLR4 protein and mRNA and NF-kB protein were increased by myocardial I/R injury,and dramatically inhibited by IPC.Conclusion IPC protects against myocardial I/R injury by inhibition of TLR4/NF-kB pathway.These effects are related to the increased the release of CGRP.