C erbB 2 is overexpressed in 20%～30% of human breast cancers,this oncoprotein plays an important role in predicting response to chemotherapy in breast cancer.Overexpression of c erbB 2 in breast cancer is associated with resistance or sensitivity to certain chemo therapeutic drugs, c erbB 2 can be expected to be a biological marker to direct chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND:At present, there is no relevant systematic research about the effects of ankle-foot orthoses on lower limb muscles. OBJECTIVE:To extract the main features of the surface electromyography signals of the lower limbs from normal people with ankle-foot orthoses and to analyze the effects of the fixed ankle-foot orthoses on lower limb muscle fatigue. METHODS:Each of five male healthy young adults was respectively required to walk with and without special ankle-foot orthoses for three times. (1) Group 1, walking in a nature gait without orthoses. (2) Group 2, walking in a natural gait with ankle-foot orthoses (the ankle center was packaged over 1.0 cm by the orthoses that was recorded 1.0 cm); wearing the same orthoses but 1.0 cm in the ankle was removed and the ankle plastic edge was just through the ankle center to colect the data (recorded as 0 cm); after 1.0 cm was removed again in the ankle, walking in a natural gait (recorded as-1.0 cm). (3) Group 3, wearing 1.5 cm heel-height ankle-foot orthoses and walking in a natural gait; wearing the same orthoses but with 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm heel-height and walking in a natural gait. During walking, surface electromyography signals were colected from the biceps femoris muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius of the lower limbs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Without orthoses, the surface electromyography signals were the weakest. (2) For any muscle, the electrical activity of subjects without orthoses was weaker than that of subjects wearing orthoses at different hardness. (3) For the biceps femoris muscle, the integral electrical value without orthoses was very close to that wearing orthoses with normal heel height. Meanwhile, these two values were lower than that wearing orthoses with abnormal heel height. These findings indicate that the fixed plastic ankle-foot orthoses could cause the fatigue of the biceps femoris muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius; and the orthoses with abnormal heel height can further increase the fatigue of the biceps femoris muscle.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestation and laboratory examination of chronic diarrhea in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and analyze the reasons that causes the chronic diarrhea in children.Methods Clinical data of 7 patients (male 4 cases,famale 3 cases)with AIDS with manifestation of chronic diarrhea among the 17 cases were diagnosed as AIDS in Beijing children′s hospital from Jan.1999 to Dec.2006.The time of diarrhea,degree of dinrrhea,characteristic of stool,accompaniment symptom,laboratory examination were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average onset age was 6 years old(from 2-9 years old).The average time of diarrhea was 6 months(from 1-16 months).Four cases main complained with chronic diarrhea,3 cases came to the hospital because of fever,cough and wasting;6 cases with diarrhea,7 cases with malnutrition and anemia,5 cases accompanied hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis,6 cases had delay in growth and development,2 cases with abnormal stool routine exam,1 case with positive stool culture of fungi.All patients were with lower CD4,5 cases with lower CD4/CD8.Conclusions Chronic diarrhea is a common symptom in children with AIDS,and usually accompanied by obvious delay in growth and development,malnutrition and anemia,the reasons that causes the chronic diarrhea are consi-dered to be related with both the opportunistic infection and HIV infection.

AIM:To explore whether A3 adenosine receptor plays a role in the modulation of vascular reactivity after hemorrhagic shock in rat,and to find out the prospective drug target to restore the decreased vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock. METHODS:The hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg) model was established in rat,and the reactivity of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to norepinephrine (NE) was observed. A3AR expression at protein level and mRNA level were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. RESULTS:The vascular reactivity of SMA to NE after hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg) was decreased significantly in a biphasic response manner. The expression of A3AR mRNA in SMA after hemorrhagic shock decreased without significant difference. The expression of A3AR protein has a slight increase without statistical difference after 30 min of hemorrhagic shock and then has a significant decrease (especially at 2 h and 4 h after hemorrhagic shock). The usage of IB-MECA,a selective A3AR agonist,significantly increased the responsiveness of SMA to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat. MRS1523,the selective A3AR antagonist,significantly abolished the restoration of the vascular reactivity to NE by IB-MECA in hemorrhagic shock in rat. CONCLUSION:A3AR plays a role in the modulation of vascular responsiveness to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat,and the selective agonist of A3AR could restore the reactivity of SMA to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat.

Objective: To study the treatment of complicated and giant carotid body tumor. Methods: A giant carotid body tumor was dissected 2 years ago. The external carotid artery was embolized by means of catheterization before surgical intervention, and techniques of internal shunting and autogenous blood transfusion was used during the operation. Results: The tumor was resected completely without cerebral vessel disorders and major cephalic nerve injuries. Conclusion: The application of radial intervention of external carotid artery, shunting of internal carotid artery and autogenous blood transfusion are helpful to the treatment of giant and re operative carotid body tumor.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the variance of antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella.spp isolated in our hospital during the recent 5 years.METHODS:Disk diffusion test was used to study the anti microbial resistance.The results were evaluated based on the criteria recommended by American Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.The data analysis was performed using WHONET-5software.RESULTS:Atotal of 840 strains of Klebsiella.spp were collected fromour hospital during2003～2007,of which,59.3% were fromrespiratory secretion speci men,12.0%fromblood speci men,and10.1% from secretions.The detection rate of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella.spp was from51.0% to65.1%.No I mipenem-and Meropenem-resistant Klebsiella.spp strain was detected.Susceptibility test showed that Klebsiella.spp-producing ESBLs was multiple resistant,and the anti microbial resistance of Klebsiella.spp has increased year on year.CONCLUSION:Monitoring of the drug resistance of Klebsiella.spp should be strengthened.The variation of the anti microbial resistance of Klebsiella.spp should be noted so as to direct rational drug use in the clinic and prevent spreading of drug resistant strains.

The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs in treating osteoporosis have become the focus under study. Pharmacological studies have shown that traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs are promoters for the proliferation of osteoblasts, inhibitors for the activity of osteoclasts, regulators for the estrogen level and its receptor, plays important roles in promoting osteogenesis and suppressing adipogenesis of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), modulating the function of OPG/RANK/RANKL system and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, as well as antioxidation. The anti-osteoporotic active ingredients and pharmacological action mechanism of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs are summarized from the perspective of molecular and cell biology in this paper, so as to provide references for the study of their mechanism of anti-osteoporosis and for the development of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying and bone-strengthening drugs.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the remineralization effects of the Aominqing dental desensitizer and the fluoride dentifrice on the demineralized enamels. Methods Sixty-three teeth were randomly divided into three groups after demineralization , then was remineralized for eight days by using Aominqing dental desensitizer, fluoride dentifrice (1.1 g/L), and deionized water, respectively. The thin sections of teeth were analyzed under the con-focal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The morphology of the surface of teeth was observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results Under CLSM, the evaluation parameter area of the fluorescent lesion (A,μm2) processed by Aominqing and by fluoride was (3.19 ± 0.19) × 104, (3.61 ± 0.26) × 104 μm2, respectively. The total fluorescence (TF) was (0.61 ± 0.09) × 106, (0.89 ± 0.15) × 106, average fluorescent of the lesion(AF) was (18.98 ± 1.56), (24.65 ± 2.39), and the above parameters were all less than those in the blank control group [A=(4.89 ± 0.24) × 104 μm2,TF=(1.78 ± 0.21) × 106, AF = 36.29 ± 2.57] (P < 0.01). The evaluation parameters in the Aominqing group were less than those in the fluoride dentifrice group(P < 0.05). Under SEM, the surface of the group processed by Aominqing was the smoothest, compared to the fluoride dentifrice group and the blank control group. Conclusions Both Aominqing dental desensitizer and fluoride dentifrice (1.1 g/L) have the remineralization effects on the demineralized enamels, and the former has a stronger effect.

Objective:To study the characteristic of hearing loss in essential hypertension. Method:Sixty-eight cases (136 ears) of patients with essential hypertension were divided into two groups, i. e. group A, patients without retinal alteriosclerosis (35cases, 70 ears ) and group B, patients with retinal alterioselerosis (33cases, 66 ears ). The control group consisted of 30 cases (60 ears) of the same sex and same age. AH people were measured by pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Result:The pure tone thresholds measured in group B hypertensive patients were significantly higher than in the normal controls (P<0. 05) , whereas pure tone thresholds in group A were not different from those in the control group(P>0. 05). From 1000 to 8 000 Hz , DPOAE amplitudes of hypertensive group A and group B were lower than that in control group(P<0. 01). Only on the frequency points of 4 000 Hz , the detection rate of DPOAE in group B was lower than that in control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Hypertension is a risk factor of degeneration of the hearing apparatus. The hearing function of hypertensive patients has probability to be impaired, although they do not feel hearing loss.

To analyze and summarize the clinicopathological features of renal inflammatory lesions which were easily misdiagnosed as renal tumors.Methods The cases from March 2006 to August 2015 in the Department of Pathology at Xijing Hospital were analyzed,retrospectively.Due to the diagnosis made by clinicians that these were renal (including renal pelvic) tumors,all cases had undergone radical nephrectomy or tumor enucleation.Among them,several inflammatory lesions were confirmed,and were combined with the patients' clinicopathological data and literature review to investigate the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Results Of the 1 195 cases,only 6 cases (less than 1％) were renal inflammatory lesions,named as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (2 cases),renal malakoplakia (1 case),renal tuberculosis (1 case),IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (1 case),and renal Wegener's granulomatosis (1 case).These diseases occurred in two males and four females (aged 14 to 55 years).All patients underwent radical nephrectomy due to the detected unilateral solitary renal mass in the imaging examination.Conclusion Renal inflammatory lesions are very rare,which show masses that are easily misdiagnosed as neoplastic lesions.Some of them have similar histological features.As the differences of treatment,a sufficient understanding of the clinicopathological features of these diseases is important to make a correct diagnosis.