[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV on neurological function and the protein expres -sion of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), Notch1 and NF-κB in acute cerebral hemorrhage (ACH) rats.METHODS:ACH model in rats was established via injection of autologous blood , and the rats were divided into 4 groups:sham, ACH, ACH+astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) and ACH+astragaloside IV (200 mg/kg) groups.The impairment of neurological func-tion in each group was graded , and the brain coefficient and water content were calculated .The serum level of NSE was measured by ELISA.Additionally, the expression of Notch1 and NF-κB was determined by Western blot .RESULTS:As-tragaloside IV improved the neurological function and decreased the brain coefficient and water content in ACH rats .Moreo-ver, the ACH-induced increase in NSE was inhibited after astragaloside IV treatment .Similarly, astragaloside IV also sig-nificantly attenuated the expression of Notch 1 and NF-κB in ACH rats.CONCLUSION: Astragaloside IV attenuates the impairment of neurological function in ACH rats , which may be through decreasing the NSE level and down-regulating the expression of Notch1 and NF-κB.

Adult ; Arthritis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Radiography ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Resveratrol on type Ⅱ collagen induced arthritis.Methods Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) animal model was established by subcutaneous injection of type Ⅱ collagen emulsified with incomplete and complete Freud's adjuvant to Wistar rats.Fortytwo rats were successfully induced and randomly divided into 7 groups:the experimental group (A),the leflunomide treatment group (B),the TGP treatment group (C),the methotrexate group (D),the low dose Resveratrol group (E),the medium dose Resveratral group (F) and high dose Resveratrol group (G) and the normal control group (H).Symptoms of arthritis were recorded and selalm levels of the anti-C Ⅱ antibody were detected by ELISA.Results For arthritis index.there was no significant difference between groups E and A,neither between groups C and F.The arthritis index was lower in group G than group C,but both of them were higher than groups B and D.② For serum anti-C Ⅱ antibody level,that of group A was higher than groups B,C,D,F and G.There was no difference between groups A and E,and groups C and F.That of Group G was lower than groups C and E.Conclusion High and medium dose of Resveratrol can relieve foot joints swelling in the CIA rats,but low dose does not have similar effect.The effect of medium dose of Resveratrol iS similar to TGP,but weaker than that of leflunomide.Resveratrol may conduct its anti-inflammatory effect via lowering the concentration of the anti-C Ⅱ antibody in the serum.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hey) level and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).To analyze the association between the NS,N10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTFHR) gene polymorphism and AS.Methods One hundred patients with AS and 60 healthy controls were included in the study.The plasma Hey level was examined by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and MTHFR gene polymorphism was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).Results Compared with heahhy controls,the plasma Hey level in AS patients was significantly higher than that of the controls (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the frequen-cies of MTHFR genotype and alleles between AS and the controls (P＞0.05),But the ratio of T/T genotype mutation was different between AS and the controls (P＜0.05).The plasma Hey level of T/T genotype was significantly higher than that of C/T or C/C genotype in AS and the controls (P＜0.01).Logisticalregression analysis indicated that Hey was an independent risk factor for AS (P＜0.01,0R=4.582,95%CI=1.984～10.585).Conclusion The plasma homocysteine level is significantly increased in AS patients.Hyperhomo-cysteinemia is an independent risk factor for AS.MTHFR T/T genotype mutation is an important mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia and may be related with AS.

Objective To study the distribution patterns of the SNPs for the 3 sites (Ⅱe105Val, Ala114Val and Asp147Tyr) of glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) in epilepsy patients without definite etiological factors. Methods At the same time, the possible relationship of GST-pi gene mutation with the vulnerability of drug-resistant epilepsy, drug-responsive epilepsy and EEG feature were explored. The SNPs of GST-pi for healthy people, drug-responsive epilepsy patients and drug-resistant epilepsy patients were genotyped by sequence-specific primers (SSP)-based PCR technologies (PCR-SSP). Results In drugresponsive epilepsy group, the frequency for 3 sites of mutated SNP of GST-pi was 59.62%, 55.32% and 50.94%, while it was 58.33%, 51.19% and 45.92% in drug-resistant epilepsy group. The difference of genotype and allele between normal group and foregoing epilepsy group was significant ( P<0.01 ), but no difference was found between drug-respensive epilepsy group and drug-resistant epilepsy group ( P>0.05 ). There was a difference of genotype distribution between groups with typical and untypical epilepsy EEG ( F = 0.0294, 8.867 × 10-6, 1.366 × 10-5, P<0.05 ). Conclusions The results indicate that the SNPs of GST-pi are associated with an increased risk of epilepsy, but not associated with an increased risk of drugresistant epilepsy. The patients present EEG characteristic of typical epilepsy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tapering the dosage of recom-binant human tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR-Fc) combined with DMARDs in the treatment of peripheral joints involvement of ankylosing spondylitis. Methods Sixty patients who met the classification criteria of ankyloding spondylitis were enrolled. Meanwhile, all patients had one or more of the following joint involvement: hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder. Their BASDAI was higher than 4, joint pain VAS≥4, ESR ≥30 mm/1 h and CRP≥8 mg/L. Tuberculosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C infection or other microorgan-isms infections were excluded. All enrolled patients had no serious heart,liver,kidney, or other internal organ involvement. During the first stage (The first eight weeks patients were matched by age and, disease activity, then randomly divided into the rhTNFR-Fc (the control group) treatment group in which patients were treated with 25 mg rhTNFR-Fc subcutaneous injection twice per week for 4 months) and rhTNFR-Fc dosage tapering group in which 25 mg rhTNFR-Fc were subcutaneously injected once per week for 4 weeks and then followed by 12.5 mg per week for 4 weeks, then once every 10 days for 6 times. Then the dosage of rhTNFR-Fc dosage of the dosage tapering group (the experimental group) was changed to 12.5 mg subcutaneous injection once every 15 days for another 4 times combined with methotrexate 7.5 mg per week and Salfasalazine 2 g daily and thalidomide 100 mg per night. The second stage started from week 9 to 24. In addition to the 30 cases at the first stage, 42 cases were included based on the same inclusion criteria for stage one. Patients' clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at week 0, 4, 8, 16 and 24. Results During the first four weeks, all patients of both control group and experimental group reached ASAS20, 97% (29/30) patients reached ASAS50 in the control group, 83% (25/30) patients reached ASAS50 in the experimental group. At week 8, patients in both groups maintained at 100% ASAS20 improvement, 100% (13/13) patients in the control group reached ASAS50, and that of the experimental group was 97% (29/30), the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the second stage, 72 cases (100%) could achieve ASAS20, 63 cases (88%) achieved ASASSO at week 16. At week 24, 72 cases (100%) remained to achieve ASAS20, 71 cases (99%) achieved ASAS50. The safety and compliance of the two groups were good. Two cases developed infection, one patient had mild elevation of serum transaminase. Conclusion Tapering the dosage combined with DMARDs is an effective and safe approach in the treatment of peripheral joints involvement of ankylosing spondylitis. The compliance of this strategy is good and only few patients have serum transaminase elevation. But attention should be paid to the increased rate of infection.

Objective To observe the effect of resveratrol on the apoptosis and expressions of bal-2 and bax protein in articular chondrecytes of rabbits experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model,and further explore the mechanisms of resveratrol in the treatment of OA.Methods Thirty Newzealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups：group A (normal control group),group B (model control group),group C (resveratrol intervention high dosage group),group D(resveratrol intervention middle dosage group),group E (resveratrel intervention low dosage group).The model of OA was established with Hulth's modeling method in group B,C,D,E.Four weeks later,groups A and B received intragastric administration of distilled water containing 0.1% DMSO daily and group C,D,E received intragastric administration of resveratrol solution daily (concentration was 60 mg/ml) in different dosages for 6 weeks.Daily dosages of group C,D,E were 120,60,30 mg·kg-1·d-1,respectively.Then the rabbits were sacrificed and the cartilage sections of right femoral medial condyle were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for bcl-2 and bax,TUNEL for apoptosis.Results ① The apoptosis rates of chondrocytes in group B,C,D,E were significantly higher than those in group A (P＜0.01).The apoptosis rates of chandrocytes in group C,D,E were decreased compared with those in group B (P＜0.05).②The positive rates of bcl-2 and bax expression in chondrocytes in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P＜0.01),but the ratio of the positive rate of bcl-2 expression to that of bax in group B was lower than that in group A (P＜0.01).The positive rates of bcl-2 expression in chondrocytes in group C,D,E were much higher compared with those in group B (P＜0.01).The positive rotes of bax expression in chondrocytes in group C,D,E were lower compared with those in group B (P＜0.01).The ratio of the positive rate of bcl-2 expression to that of bax was increased in group C,D,E compared with group B (P＜0.01).Conclusion Resveratrol can suppress the excessive apoptosis of chondrocytes in experimental OA by up-regulating the expression of bcl-2 while down-regulating the expression of bax and improving the ratio of bcl-2 to bax .Suppressing the excessive apoptosis of chondrocytes in experimental OA may be one of the mechanisms for resveratroi's effect in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Although previous reports showed drug-eluting stent (DES) could effectively inhibit neointima formation, in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains an important obstacle. The purpose of this study was to investigate different effects of paclitaxel on proliferation and cell cycle regulators between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of rats in vitro. The cultured VSMCs and VECs of rats from the same tissues were examined by using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blotting in control and paclitaxel-treated groups. The results showed paclitaxel could effectively inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and VECs. However, as compared with VECs, proliferation of VSMCs in paclitaxel-treated group decreased less rapidly. The percentage of cells in G0-G1 and G2-M phases was reduced, and that in S phase increased after treatment for 72 h. The expression of cyclin D1 and B1, p27 and PCNA in VSMCs of paclitaxel-treated group was up-regulated, but that of p21 down-regulated as compared with VECs. It is concluded that there are significant differences in the expression of cell cycle regulators and proliferation rate between paclitaxel-treated VSMCs and paclitaxel-treated VECs, suggesting that the G1-S checkpoint regulated by paclitaxel may play a critical role in the development of complications of DES, which provides new strategies for treatments of ISR.

objective:To evaluate the sensitivity and predictive value of grey scale and power Doppler ultrasound assessment of bone erosionin disease activity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (Ra).
Methods:Fifty-six patients with early Ra underwent blinded sequential clinical, laboratory and ultrasound assessments, and at the same time 20 of these patients underwent X-ray and enhanced MRi. For each patient, 28-joint disease activity score (DaS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (eSR), C reactive protein (CRP) and health assessment questionnaire (haQ) were recorded. The presence of bone erosion and synovitis was investigated in 28 joints by gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasonography. The ultrasound joint count and index for active synovitis with power Doppler signal were calculated.
Results:The number of bone erosions detected by ultrasonography was 5.7 times that of X-ray, while both MRi and ultrasonography were consistent (91.5%). The number of synovitis detected by ultrasonography was 1.6 times as much as by physical examination, and consistent MRi (95.7%). PDUS parameters demonstrated a highly significant correlation with DaS28, eSR and CRP, while a negative correlation with haQ.
Conclusion:Grey scale and power Doppler ultrasonography is a sensitive and reliable method to assess bone erosion and inflammatory activity in early Ra. PDUS findings may have a predictive value in disease activity.

The glutamate dehydrogenase (EC.1.4.1.4) gene which amplified from the genome of Brevibacterium flavum GDK-9 by polymerase chain reaction was linked with pUCm-T for sequence alignment. Analysis of gdh sequences revealed that the whole sequence is 1927 bp, only one ORF existed, which used ATG as the initiation codon and coded a peptide of 448 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 48 kD. The comparability between the cloned gdh sequence to the reported sequence is high to 99.55%. Only the 1190th base mutation (C→A) lead to the change of amino acid sequence (Thr→Asn), the others are not. The recombinant plasmid pXG was then transformed into E. coli XL-Blue and Brevibacterium flavum GDK-9 which was induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that there was a clear induced protein band with molecular mass of 48.7 kD on expected position. Standard glutamate fermentations indicated that although the level of GDH increases the intracellular glutamate pool, the level of GDH has no influence on glutamate secretion.