?AlM: To observe the changes of corneal topography and astigmatism et al with various duration of closing eyes and sleep;and study the impact of closing eye and sleep causing physiological hypoxia on corneal topography.
? METHODS: Sixteen volunteers were selected ( 32 eyes), 22-33 (26. 19 ± 3. 95) years old, without refractive errors and other eye diseases, as well as never wearing corneal contact lens, including 10 male eyes and 22 female eyes. The main parameters received corneal simulation K value, corneal astigmatism, corneal irregular measure ( ClM ) and the shape factor ( SF ) by Zeiss corneal topographer. They were measured before and after closed eyes 10, 20, 30, 60, 120min; before sleep and after over 6h sleep, they were detected immediately as soon as they opened eyes after 10, 20, 60, 120min.
? RESULTS: During closing eyes, there were no statistical significance on the changes of corneal topography, corneal astigmatism, and SF. After opening eyes and over 6h sleep, there were no statistical significance on the changes of corneal topography, corneal astigmatism, ClM, and SF.
?CONCLUSlON:Closing eyes and sleep don’t injure the cornea substantially, so corneal topography and corneal astigmatism don’t mainly change.

Objective By means of value-added reflection of students' learning behavior, this article gives an objective description of the current situation of pharmaceutical undergraduate education and puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the connotation construction of pharmaceutical education.Method Using the Chinese College Student Survey (CCSS) developed by Tsinghua University and Indiana University (US), 1100 students participated in a one-to-one web-based anonymous questionnaire, and using SPSS19.0 to analyze the data.Five comparable indexes and students' recognition behaviors were discussed using descriptive analysis and independent sample t test.Result The five comparable index scores and learning behavior skill index scores of the students in Chinese traditional medicine specialty and pharmacy were higher than the national overall level of all kinds of colleges and universities of science categories.Compared with the national norm of medical colleges, except that the score of 43.36 of the five comparable indexes in pharmaceutical professional academic challenge (level of academic challenge, LAC) was less than 43.63 national medical colleges LAC norm level, the other index scores were higher.LAC and active collaborative learning scores of Chinese pharmaceutical majors were lower than those of pharmacy students, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In the study of behavioral skills, the scores of two major students' use, evaluation and comprehensive behavior were lower than the national standard of medical institutions, and there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of Chinese medicine and pharmaceutical majors (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Teaching experience and learning support need to be optimized for pharmaceutical students.Learning scientificalness and comprehensive abilities in pharmaceutical education need to be improved.Mid and higher level of learning behavior needs to be enhanced for pharmaceutical students.

Objective To analyze CT features of adrenal non-functional pheochromocytoma and non-functional adenoma and to provide reference for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Methods 17 cases of adrenal non-functional pheochromocytoma and 31 cases of non-functional adenoma confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The imaging findings of two groups of cases were statistically analyzed, including size, shape, density, enhanced degree, visible tumor blood vessels, necrosis and cystoid variation and so on.Results The average diameter of the pheochromocytoma was (52.2±20.2) mm, and the average diameter of the adenoma was (27.8±17.6) mm, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The average CT value of pheochromocytoma was higher than that of adenoma in plain, arterial and venous phases(all P<0.05).Of the 17 cases of pheochromocytoma, 14 cases (82.4%) can be seen tumor blood vessels in the arterial phase, 12 cases (70.6%) can be seen necrosis and cystoid variation, the margins of the tumors were no circular or arc-like enhancement;of the 31 cases of adenoma, 3 cases (9.7%) can be seen tumor blood vessels in the arterial phase, 2 cases (6.5%) can be seen necrosis and cystoid variation,10 cases (32.3%) can be seen circular or arc-like enhancement;all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Conclusion Adrenal non-functional pheochromocytoma and non-functional adenoma have characteristic imaging findings, dual phase enhanced scanning of MSCT is helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment, one of the distinguishing points is to find tumor blood vessels in arterial phase.

Objective To analyze the application value of MSCT enhanced scanning in diagnosis of gastrointestinal mucoca associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma.Methods 11 cases of gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical data and imaging features of 11 cases were analyzed,including lesion sites, morphologic features and enhancement patterns of tumors,positions of lymph nodes,involvement of extranodal site excluding gastrointestinal tract.Results For morphologic features,8 cases (72.7%) were gastrointestinal wall thickening type, among them, 5 cases occurred in the stomach and 3 cases in the intestine;3 cases (27.3%) were localized mass/nodule type, among them, 2 cases occurred in the stomach and 1 case occurred in the intestine.The sign of aneurysmal dilatation was showed in 2 cases, which occurred in the intestinal tract.There was 1 case of localized mass/nodule MALT lymphoma in the ileocecal junction with local intestinal lumen stenosis.For the manifestations of enhanced scanning,10 cases (90.9%) of tumors were moderately or obviously enhanced, 9 cases (81.8%) showed homogeneous enhancement.For the involvement of lymph nodes and other extranodal organs, regional lymph nodes were involved in 5 cases(45.5%), regional lymph nodes and distant lymph nodes were involved in 1 case(9.1%), lymph nodes of both sides of the diaphragm were involved in 1 case (9.1%), extranodal sites excluding gastrointestinal tract were involved in 2 cases (18.2%).9 cases (81.8%) were classified as stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 2 cases (18.2%) were classified as stage Ⅳ.Conclusion MSCT enhanced scanning can provide a reliable basis for the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma.The chest and abdominopelvic cavity enhanced scanning is recommended as a routine examination.

Ten cell strains were obtained from the human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 by using the method of single cell cloning. Through inoculation of these cell strains in nude mice and subsequent observation of their metastatic capability, four cell lines, C_1, C_6 with high, and C_5, C_8 with low metastatic capability were selected out; and their biological and morphological properties were studied. It was demonstrated that all of them did not show apparent difference in growth ability, but morphologically, the mictovilli of C_5 and C_8 cells were scarce and short; and their microfilaments were thick, straight and well organized. Whereas the microvilli of C_1 and C_6 strains were long and abundant comparatively, but their microfilaments were poorly organized. On the basis of present observation,we suggested that the organization of microfilaments in cancer cells appeared to bear reversed relationship with their metastatic capability.

Objective To investigate demography of sensory tricks in cervical dystonia (CD),and to discuss the relationship between sensory tricks and the function of sensorimotor integration of cerebral cortex,meanwhile to explore potential worthiness using sensory tricks in the management of CD.Methods We recruited 75 patients (23 male,52 female,male female ratio:1:2.26;aged 19-72 years,mean (42.45 ± 13.09) years) admitted to the Dystonia Clinic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from March 2016 to April 2013.Standardized questionnaire on sensory tricks was used to investigate the sensory tricks first recognized in 75 patients retrospectively.Median nerve somatosensory evoked potential via multipoint recording was measured in 43 CD patients who manifested as simple rotation of neck.Bilateral amplitudes of P22/N30 derived from F (3,4) were compared.Results Frequency of sensory tricks in CD was 85.53％ (64/75) in our research.As disease progressed,the type of sensory tricks used by patients may transform from one to another or even disappear.No statistically significant differences were found in ages among patients using classic sensory tricks,forcible tricks and patients without sensory tricks,whereas the complexity of the disease showed increased tendency among the three groups.Bilateral P22/N30 amplitudes of patients with classic sensory tricks showed no significant differences.P22/N30 amplitudes contralateral to the head turn were significantly higher than ipsilateral in patients using forcible tricks ((3.16 ± 1.71) μV vs (2.47 ± 1.28) μV,t =2.243,P=0.038) and patients without sensory tricks ((3.62 ±1.58) μV vs (2.73 ±1.14) μV,t=2.893,P=0.023).Tsui scores among patients using classic sensory tricks (9.36 ± 3.52) and forcible tricks (12.67 ± 5.00) or patients without sensory tricks (15.18 ± 4.07) had statistically significant differences (classic sensory tricks vs forcible tricks,t =-3.020,P =0.004;classic sensory tricks vs patients without sensory tricks,t =-4.452,P =0.000).Conclusions Types of sensory tricks used by patients are associated with severity of the disease.Different types of sensory tricks may reflect status of adaptive compensatory mechanism of the cerebral cortex.

Objective To observe whether appropriate intermittent exercise at the ischemic threshold can safely promote collateral circulation in an ischemic area of the myocardium through the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and its receptor fetal liver kinase-1(Fik-1). Methods A balloon constrictor was surgically implanted in the first obtuse marginal coronary artery(OM1)of miniature pigs.The subjects were divided into 3 groups:a sham-operation group,a pure ischemia group,and an exercise training group.Subjects in the exercise training group performed individualized treadmill programs 30 min daily,5 d per week,for 8 weeks,including 2 two-minute episodes of exercise-induced ischemia.Two pre-exercise episodes of pure ischemia induced by brief OM1 occlusion were also conducted.Only pure ischemia was induced in the pure ischemia group,and the sham-operation group remained sedentary for the experimental period.Relative myocardial blood flow(RMBF)was measured using microspheres.VEGF and Flk-1 expression levels were measured by Western blotting and real time RT-PCR analyses.Cardiac troponin I(ctnI)levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Light and electron microscopy were employed to examine myocardia damage in the ischemic area.Results RMBFs in the exercise training group were significantly higher than those in the pure ischemia and sham-operation groups. RMBFs in the pure ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group.The expression of VEGF and Flk-1 proteins and mRNAs in the exercise training group were significantly higher than those in the pure ischemia and sham-operation groups,and the levels in the pure ischemia group were also significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group.After training,no myocardial damage and no ctnI increase was observed in the pure ischemia group.Microscopy revealed no obvious structural changes. Conclusion Intermittent exercise at the isehemia threshold intension can safely promote coronary collateral formation through upregulation of VEGF and Flk-1 expression in the ischemic myocardial area of a porcine model.

To investigate the morphogenetic process of human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41), 293TE cells were infected with purified wild-type HAdV-41, and ultrathin sections of infected cells were prepared and observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results showed that HAdV-41 entered host cells mainly through three ways: non-clathrin-coated pit, clathrin-coated pit, and direct penetration of plasma membrane. In addition, cell microvilli might help HAdV-41 enter cells. After entering into cells, HAdV-41 virus particles could be found in vacuoles or lysosomes or be in a free state in cytoplasm. Only free virus particles could be found near nuclear pores (NP), suggesting that the virus needed to escape from lysosomes for effective infection and viral nucleoprotein entered the nucleus through NP. Progeny viruses were as-sembled in the nucleus. Three types of inclusion bodies, which were termed as fibrillous inclusion body, condense inclusion body, and stripped condense inclusion body, were involved in HAdV-41 morphogenesis. In the late phase of viral replication, the membrane integrity of the infected cells was lost and viral particles were released extracellularly. This study reveals the partial process of HAdV-41 morphogenesis and provides more biological information on HAdV-41.
Adenovirus Infections, Human ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane ; virology ; Cell Nucleus ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Release ; Virus Replication

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector for TAP genes fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)gene,and to analyze the expression and subcellular localization of the fusion protein in A375 human malignant melanoma cells transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector.Methods A375 cells were cotransfected with the combination of plasmid(P)TAP1-EGFP or pTAP2-EGFP and pDsRed2-endoplasmic reticulum(ER),or with pEGFP-TAP1 and-TAP2,or monotransfected with pTAP1-EGFP or pTAP2-EGFP alone.The monoclonal A375 cells stably expressing TAP were obtained by G418 selection.Then.the distribution and expression of fusion proteins were assessed in A375 cells by using fluorescence microscopy and Western blot,respectively.Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of HLA class Ⅰ on A375 cells.Results Transfection of A375 cells with pTAP1-EGFP or pTAP1-EGFP and pTAP2-EGFP significantly increased the expression of TAP 1 and TAP 2 in as well as HLA class Ⅰ antigen on A375 cells.The green fluorescence of TAP1-EGFP and TAP2-EGFP overlapped with the red fluorescence of ER marker in cotransfected cells.indicating that TAP was localized subcellularly on the ER.Conclusions The expression vector for TAP-EGFP fusion gene has been constructed cuccessfully and expressed in A375 cells,and the expressed fusion protein is subcelluiarly localized to ER.This study will provide a basis for the research into subsequent immune response following induction of TAP expression.