Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is a critical transcription factor for cell proliferation and survival. It is activated within cells by many cytokines to mediate immune and inflammatory responses to injury. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), represented by Crohn′s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract. STAT3 has been shown to be abnormally activated in IBD colon tissues by many pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier and excessive innate immune and Th17 responses. The persistent chronic inflammation eventually leads to intestinal fibrosis and stenosis. In addition to immune responses, STAT3 is also involved in intestinal fibrosis in IBD by promoting the transcription of fibrosis-related genes. Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is a particularly aggressive subtype of colorectal cancer and is associated with chronic inflammation-induced IBD. STAT3 has also been associated with CAC initiation and development. STAT3 is overactivated in tumors, which leads to suppression of the anti-tumor activity of immune cells and promotion of cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. In the present article, we summarize the role of STAT3 in IBD and CAC and the research progress of the related drugs developed for UC and CAC treatment.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of a self-made guiding needle of steel wire in guiding the wire through the tibial tunnel for the treatment of avulsion fractures of tibial posterior cruciate ligament with open reduction and wire fixation.

METHODSFrom February 2011 to June 2014, a total of 22 patients with avulsion fractures of tibial posterior cruciate ligament underwent surgical treatments were analyzed, including 14 males and 8 females with an average age of 35.6 years old (ranged, 17 to 63 years old). According to Meyers classification, 9 patients were classified as type II, 13 patients were classified as type III. All the patients underwent open reduction and wire fixation with medial knee "L" shape approach. A wire guiding needle was used to guide the wire through the tibial tunnel during operation.

RESULTSWith the assistance of wire guidance needles, wires passed through the tibial tunnel rapidly during the operation in all the 22 patients. All the patients were followed up, X-ray imagings 6 months after operation showed the fractures healed well. The average follow-up time in all patients was 6 months (ranged, 6 to 12 months). The averaged Lysholm knee score in 22 knee was 92.7 +/- 3.4. All patients' posterior drawer test were negative.

CONCLUSIONSelf-made wire guiding needle can simplify the operation procedures in which the wires pass through the tibial tunnel, shorten the operation time, reduce the surgical trauma and complications, and be worthy of clinical application.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Wires ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; injuries ; surgery ; Tibia ; injuries ; surgery ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To comparative study of the immunomodulatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharides (HPS) etc.four species TCM polysaccharides on immunocompromised mice model made by cyclophosphamide.Methods Low-immunity model mice made by cyclophosphamide 40 mg · kg-1.The KM mice were divided into seven group:normal,model,control,experimental-HPS,experimental-Astragalus polysaccharides (ASPS),experimental-Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPS) and experimental-Angelica polysaccharides (ANPS) groups randomly.The control group was administrated Shenqi particle 5 g · kg-1.The other tested groups were administrated the corresponding test samples 2 g · kg-1.The normal and model group were administrated the same quantity of normal saline.Give the medicine 1 time each day for 15 days.The visceral index was counted by weighted.The peritoneal macrophage phagocytic count by intraperitoneal injection 5％ chicken red blood-cell were meaeured (OD value).The serum hemolysin OD through delayed type hypersensitivity maded by 50％ dinitrochlorobenzene.The reticuloendothelial system phagocytic count were meaeured by caudal vein injection carbon inkl.Results Compared with the normal,the difference of all indexs of model were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.01).After dosing,the thymus indexs of model,control,experimental-HPS,experimental-ASPS,experimental-CPS and experimental-ANPS groups were 2.55 ± 0.88,1.04 ± 0.74,2.00 ± 0.89,2.21 ±0.95,1.92 ±0.43,1.67 ±0.41.Compared with the model,difference of experimental-HPS,experimental-ASPS and experimental-CPS were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The phagocytic counts of mouse peritoneal macrophages of the six groups were 1.31 ±0.18,0.51 ±0.12,1.12 ±O.13,1.19 ±0.09,0.88 ±0.25,0.72 ±0.07.Compared with the model,difference of four species polysaccharides were all statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the experimental-ANPS,difference of experimental-HPS and experimental-ASPS were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).The phagocytic coefficient of reticuloendothelial system phagocytosis of the six groups were 6.60 ± 0.94,0.99 ±0.83,0.32 ± 1.48,7.28 ± 2.13,5.29 ± 1.97,5.93 ± 1.75.Compared with the model,difference of experimental-HPS and experimental-ASPS were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The delayed type hypersensitivity OD of the six groups were 0.53 ± 0.16,0.23 ± 0.09,0.36 ± 0.09,0.38 ± 0.12,0.29 ± 0.10,0.33 ± 0.11.The serum hemolysin OD of the six groups were 0.60 ± 0.12,0.43 ± 0.10,0.53 ± 0.08,0.54 ± 0.11,0.51 ± 0.11,0.52 ± 0.09.Compared with the model,difference of experimental-HPS,experimental-ASPS and experimental-ANPS were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion These four kinds of polysaccharides have the function of enhancing nonspecific immunity function,specific humoral immunity and cellular immune function in mice.HPS and ASPS were more comprehensive and significant for the regulation of immune indexes than CPS and ANPS.

The infection status of anisakid larvae was examined in 290 marine fish of 25 species and in 108 cephalopods of 3 species purchased in Bayuquan region, Yingko city nearby the coast of the Bohai Sea from may to August 1992. A total of 7,327 larvae were collected from 156 fish of 19 species and 8 squids of one species. The 3rd-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were collected from 121 fish (63.4%) of 15 species (N = 191) and from 8 squids (14.8%) of one species (N = 54), and they were total, 5,992 (81.8%). Out of remaining 1,335 larvae, 154 (2.1%) were classified as Thynnascaris type B from 23 fish of 4 species, 1,013 (13.8%) as Thynnascaris type C from 79 fish of 13 species. 164 (2.2%) as Hysterothylacium China type V from 20 fish of 4 species, 3 (0.04%) as Raphidascaris from 3 fish of 2 species and one was Pseudoterranova decipiens larva.
Animal ; Anisakiasis/veterinary* ; Anisakiasis/parasitology ; Anisakiasis/epidemiology ; Anisakis/isolation & purification ; Anisakis/classification* ; China ; Fish Diseases/parasitology* ; Fish Diseases/epidemiology ; Fishes ; Larva ; Seawater ; Squid/parasitology*

There is still a lack of effective treatment for radioactive iodine-refractory DTC(RAIR DTC),anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)and medullary thyroid cancer(MTC).Once recurrence and metastasis occur,the patient's life is seriously threatened. With the vigorous development of molecular biology of thyroid cancer,many effective molecular targets have been found. Based on one or more targets,molecular targeted drugs underwent clinical trials for the treatment of thyroid cancer,showing good development and application prospects. Sorafenib,vandetanib,lenvatinib and cabozantinib have been approved by FDA for the treatment of advanced thyroid carcinoma. Other molecular targeting inhibitors,such as axitinib and selumetinib,have passed phaseⅡ/Ⅲ clinical trials. The emergence of the drugs provides new choices for the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer and advanced MTC. The drugs have many advantages,such as strong specificity,less side effects and good curative effect,having broad prospects in the treatment of thyroid cancer.

OBJECTIVETo study the dynamic changes of T lymphocyte subsets in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients.

METHODSSequential anti-coagulated blood samples were collected from 62 seropositive SARS patients during the first week, the second week, the first month, the 2nd-3rd month, and 1 year after disease onset. T-lymphocyte subsets including CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and naive and memory CD4 + T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Samples from 56 healthy blood donors were also detected as healthy controls.

RESULTSA rapid restoration in T-lymphocyte subsets was observed during a short period after infection. During the 2-3 months after disease onset, CD8 + T cell count returned to the normal level. At the same time point, CD4 + T cell and naive CD4 + T cell counts increased to (534 +/- 197)/mm3 and (175 +/- 75)/mm3 respectively. Total lymphocytes, T lymphocyte, CD4 + T and naive CD4 + T cell were still significantly lower than the normal levels even one year after disease onset.

CONCLUSIONThe periphery T lymphocyte subsets in SARS infection shows transient decrease and then rapid recovery.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Time Factors

Objective To study the effect of Hedysarum po-ybotrys polysaccharides (HPS) on superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),maleic dialdehyde (MDA),nitric oxide (NO),nitric oxide synthetase (NOS),endothelin (ET),calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) in local cerebral cerebral ischemia of rats.Methods The SPF degree Wister rats were randomly divided into six groups:model,sham orperation,control (Ginkgo leafdispersible tablet,0.21 g · kg-1),experimental-H,experimental-M,and experimental-L (HPS,0.60,0.3,0.15 g · kg-1) groups.Each group had ten rats.Local cerebral cerebral ischemia rat models were made by 50％ FeCl3on middle cerebral artery.Neurological score was made by blind method of level 5 and 4 points scoring method.Brain water content was detected by weight method.Brain infarction area was detected by TTC staining method.The SOD,CAT,MDA of brain tissue and NO,NOS,ET,CGRP of serum were detected by kits.Results Compared with model group and sham operation group,all factors had significant difference (all P ＜ 0.01).After taking the medicine,the SOD (U · mg-1) in model,experimental-H and experimental-M groups were 107.90 ± 30.12,135.06 ±3.21,129.32 ±20.71;the MDA(μmol · g-1)in the three groups were 6.39 ±2.03,4.08 ± 1.54,4.53 ± 1.21;the NO(μmol · L-1) in the three groups were 66.32 ± 20· 39,48.50 ±20.86,52.39 ±27.01;the NOS(U · mL-1)in the three groups were 29.95 ± 8.05,21.94 ±9.98,20.55 ± 8.06;the ET(pg · mL-1) in the three groups were 96.64 ± 21.51,75.88 ± 19.52,76.42 ±17.76;the CGRP(pg · mL-1) in the three groups were 53.98 ± 10.95,76.43 ± 22.53,67.07 ± 12.12,the differences of all above factors between groups were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The experimental-H and experimental-M groups can protect nerve function injury and brain tissueinjury and improve the damage of the brain tissue antioxidant system in the rat model of focal cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the colon polyp in a northwest district of China. Methods 112 cases of patients from 1~18 years old, diagnosed with polyps by means of colonoscopies reference centers were followed-up from January 2015 to December 2016. The clinical variables evaluated in this study included: gender, age, symptoms, age at onset of symptoms, age at identification of the polyp, interval of time between the onset of symptoms and the endoscopic diagnosis of colonic polyps, and family history of colon polyp and/or colorectal cancer. The characteristics of the polyps also included: number, morphological type, diameter, histology, and distribution. The case records of these patients were reviewed. The demographics, clinical course, laboratory results, endoscopic and histopathological features, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Results In the 112 patients, the median age was 6.9 years, of which 64.3% (72/112) were male. All the patient had the symptom of hematochezia and just a little of the patients have the symptoms of abdominal pain, prolapse of anal polyp and diarrhea. 9.8% (11/112) was mild anemia and the anemia patient all had the symptom of hematochezia of more than 6 months and have no connection with the polyp location. Juvenile polyps were identified in 91.9% (103/112) patients, inflammatory polyp were identified in 7.1% (8/112) and 0.9% (1/112) were identified with adenoma. 1.8% (2/112) of the patient had the family history of colorectal polyp. Conclusions The morbidity of colorectal polyp in children and adolescents in our region is high. The male was significantly more common seen than female. A little proportion of the patient had the family history of colorectal polyp. The hematochezia could be seen in all patients A little proportion of the patient was mild anemia and the anemia patient all had the symptom of hematochezia of more than 6 months. Mainly the polyp was located in the rectum and sigmoid. Juvenile polyps were the major pathologic type and then the inflammatory polyp and adenoma. The adenoma may located in other place than rectum and sigmoid.

OBJECTIVETo study dynamics of T lymphocyte subsets in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

METHODSSequential anti-coagulated blood samples were collected from 46 cases of SARS patients during the 1st week, the 2nd week, the 3rd-5th week and the 8th-12th week after the infection. T lymphocyte subsets including CD3+CD4+ cells, CD3+CD8+ cells, naive CD4+ cells (CD4+CD45RA+CD62L+) and activated CD8+ cells (CD8+CD38+) were detected by 3-color flow cytometry. Fifty-six normal healthy blood donors were also detected as normal controls.

RESULTSCompared with the results of normal controls, both of the percentages of CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells of SARS patients were in normal levels during the 1st week, but the cell counts decreased significantly to (306 +/- 140)/mm3 and (270 +/- 143)/mm3, respectively. The cell count of naive CD4+ subset also remarkably decreased to (96 +/- 49)/mm3, and the percentage of CD8+CD38+ subset was higher than that of normal controls [(59.3 +/- 12.6)% vs (44.9 +/- 12.5)%]. During the 3rd-5th week, the CD8+ cell count and the percentage of CD8+CD38+ subset reached normal values, which were (581 +/- 356)/mm3 and (40.1 +/- 17.6)%, respectively. During the 8th-12th week, the cell counts of CD4+ cell [(578 +/- 193)/mm3] and naive CD4+ subset [(176 +/- 64)/mm3] were still less than those of normal controls, while compared with those of the 1st week, the increments were remarkable.

CONCLUSIONST lymphocytes of SARS patients decreased dramatically but could be obviously resumed in a short time. It will take more than 8-12 weeks for CD4+ cell and naive CD4+ subset to reach to normal levels.

Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

BACKGROUNDHighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) produces profound suppression of HIV replication, substantial increase in CD4(+) T cells, and partial reconstitution of the immune system. However, the numbers of subjects were small in previous Chinese studies. This study evaluated the efficacy and side effects of HAART in Chinese advanced AIDS patients.

METHODSOne hundred and three antiretroviral drug naive AIDS patients were enrolled in this study and were divided into two groups by their baseline CD4(+) count: < 100 cells/microl or > or = 100 cells/microl. Clinical, virological and immunological outcomes were monitored at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months during the course of treatment with HAART.

RESULTSOne patient died and another was lost from the follow-up. For the remaining 101 HIV/AIDS patients at the 12th month during the HAART, the plasma viral load (VL) was reduced to (3.2 +/- 0.7) lg copies/ml, the CD4(+) count increased to (168 +/- 51) cells/microl [among which the naive phenotype (CD45RA(+)CD62L(+)) increased to (49 +/- 27) cells/microl and the memory phenotype (CD45RA(-)) increased to (119 +/- 55) cells/microl], and the percentage of CD4(+)CD28(+) cells increased. At the same time, there was a significant reduction of CD8(+) T cell activation. In the 69 patients with the baseline CD4(+) count < 100 cells/microl, 37 had a VL < 50 copies/ml; while in the 34 patients with the baseline CD4(+) count > or = 100 cells/microl, 25 had a VL < 50 copies/ml, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The CD4(+) T cell count showed a two-phase increase during HAART and a significant positive correlation was shown between the change of CD4(+) count and plasma VL. Over 12 months of HAART, 10 patients had gastrointestinal side effects, 13 peripheral neuritis, 7 hepatic lesions, 8 hematological side effects, 8 skin rashes, 10 lipodystrophy and 1 renal calculus.

CONCLUSIONSImmune reconstitution as well as the significantly improved clinical outcomes is observed in Chinese advanced AIDS patients after HAART. Side effects are common during HAART and require clinical attention.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD28 Antigens ; analysis ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Viral Load