Sixty four patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into two groups.In nimesulide group (n=32) patients were given nimesulide capsule 100 mg after surgery and 32 patients in control group were given 100 mg vitamin C as placebo.The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain during withdrawing nasal packing.The VAS value of the nimesulide group was 2.8±1.1 3 h after surgery and 2.7±1.2 during with drawing nasal packing,that of control group was 6.7±0.6 and 8.3±0.6,respectively (both P<0.01).The results revealed that nimesulide had a siguificant analgesic effect in endoscopic sinus surgery.

BACKGROUND: Dental porcelain crown containing Ni-Cr alloy has been widely used in modern dentistry. The dispute of its safety is limited in oral cavity and neighbor tissues, however, the relevance between Ni-Cr alloy and systemic disease, such as nephridium toxicosis, are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the possibility of Ni-Cr porcelain crown resulted nephropathy and to explore its long-term clinical safety.METHODS: Databases of VIP, CNKI, Wanfang, CBMdisc, Biosis Previews and BioOne were researched by computer with key words of "nickle chromium alloy, porcelain crown, nephridium toxicosis" both in Chinese and English. Literatures concerning Ni-Cr porcelain crown and toxicity of related metal ion were included, repetitive research was excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By consulting literatures, the possibility of erosion and release of heavy metal ion lead to nephridium toxicosis were analyzed with following aspects: effects of Ni-Cr alloy corrosivity and its accumulation on oral cavity or systemic disease; direct toxicity of released metal ions from Ni-Cr alloy and susceptivity of nephridium toxicosis; and the possible ways for renal damage resulted by Ni-Cr ion. This study can provide a basis for the further research concerning security of dental porcelain crown containing Ni-Cr alloy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of microvasoepididymostomy for the treatment of obstructive azoospermia. Methods Ninety-eight patients were confirmed as obstructive azoospermia by infertility investigations.The mean (range) age was 31 (20-43) years.The mean duration of obstruetion was 4 years.All patients were seen by the surgeon for a complete history and physical examination.Semen analyses proved azoopermia,serum levels of sexual hormone were normal and testicular function for production of sperms were normal certified by biopsy.All patients with suspected epididymal or vasal obstruction were offered scrotal exploration.The decision for microvasoepididymostomy was made during surgery,based on the pateney of the vas towards the abdomen documented by saline and sperm fragments containing in the epididymal fluid on intraoperative light-microscopic examination.Microvasoepididymostomy was performed in 58 patients documented epididymal obstruction The initial semen analysis was then done after usually 3 months postoperatively.Patency was arbitrarily defined as＞10 000 sperm/mL in ejaculate in at least one semen analysis after surgery.Postoperative patency rate and postoperative impregnation rate were followed. Results Fifty patients were followed up for 3-29 months,8 cases lost.Sperm was found by semen analysis in 36 patients.Sperm density was 4×104-2×108 sperms/ml and motility was 2%-70%.Semen analysis reveals azoospermia in 6 patients and the patients were counseled to undergo further testing to determine the ultimate outcome of the procedure.Natural conception occurred in 14 patients followed for more than 12 months.The overall pateney rate was 72%(36/50).Among patients with a follow-up of＞6 months,the natural paternity rate was 28%(14/50).The median time to achieve a natural pregnancy was 6.6 (4.0-10.0)months. Conclusion A more favourable patency can be achieved using microsurgical intussusception vasoepididymostomy and a part of patients with obstructive azoospermia can be cured by this means.

Objective To compare the circumferential approach and suprapubic approach for correcting the concealed penis. Methods Thirty-four patients received circumferential approach (group A,18 cases)or suprapubic approach(group B,15 cases)randomly for the concealed penis.The length of penis without erection before and after surgery treatment,patients'satisfaction and surgical complications were evaluated.All the patients were followed at least 6 months after operation.Results The penile length before and after surgery in group A were(1.78±0.41)cm vs(3.97±0.47)cm,the length of the postoperative penis was significantly longer than that of the preoperative penis(P<0.01).83%of those in group A(15 cases)were satisfied with the cosmic results.The length of preoperative and postoperative penis in group B were(2.07±0.53)cm vs(4.05±0.81)cm respectively,the length of the postoperative penis was significantly longer(P<0.01).Satisfaction was 87%(13 cases).The postoperative penile length between the 2 groups was not different(P> 0.05).Prepuce edema was reported to Occur in 56%and 13%in group A and group B and spontaneously disappeared within 3 months.Fat synchysis occurred in 2 of group B. Conclusions The cosmic effect of the 2 surgical approaches is similar,but circumferential approach is simpler.There is no serious complication in those receiving circumferential approach.

Objective To determine whether stroke volume variation (SVV) in relation to volume loading in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock.Methods Data of thirty-two mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock admitted from Dec 2009 to May 2012 were prospectively analyzed.Cardiac index (CI),stroke volume (SV),systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and stroke volume variation (SVV) were measured by FloTrac/Vigileo before and after fluid resuscitation (250 mL saline in 10 min).Patients with an increase in SV (△SV) ≥ 10％ and ＜ 10％ after fluid volume loading were classified as responders and non-responders,respectively.The comparisons between these two sorts of patients were assessed by using two sample Student' s t-test,and comparisons between changes before and after fluid challenge were assessed by using a paired Student' s t-test.A Pearson' s correlation analysis was employed for evaluate the correlation between △SV and other haemodynamic variables.The roles of SVV,central venous pressure (CVP),mean artery pressure (MAP) and the changes of CVP (△CVP),MAP (△MAP) after fluid administration in predicting volume responsiveness were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results Thirty-two patients with septic shock were included in this study.There were 54 instances of fluid challenge performed,among which 35 instances were defined as response group.Significantly increased SV induced by fluid challenge was assigned into response group (83.6 ± 15.6) mL vs.(68.5 ± 14.2) mL,P ＜0.01,while in non-response group,there were no significant change in SV (P ＞0.05).SVV was significantly correlated with SV before fluid loading (r =0.522,P ＜ 0.01).The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for stroke volume variation (SVV) was 0.898 (95％ CI:0.796-1.000).Using SVV ≥ 11.5％ as the threshold to predict fluid responsiveness,the sensitivity was 94％ and specificity was 84％.Conclusions SVV can be used to predict fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock.

AIM To investigate the effects of Wuzi Yanzong Prescription (Lycii Fructus,Cuscutae Semen,Rubi Fructus,Plantaginis Semen and Schisandrae chinensis Fructus) on DNA damage of testis cells in adult male mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX).METHODS Forty out of fifty adult male Balb/C mice were injected intraperitoneally with CTX and then were randomly and equally divided into model control group (normal saline),Wuzi Yanzong Prescription low-,medium-and high-dose groups (100,200 and 400 mg/kg),and the other ten mice served as normal control group (normal saline).All mice were anesthetized by inhalation of ether,and then were sacrificed by cervical dislocation.The sperm count,sperm motility and malformation rate of sperm were tested.The content of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in serum was measured using ELISA;the DNA damage degree of cells in testis was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis;the protein expressions of p-P53 and γ-H2AX in testis were examined by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the model control group,Wuzi Yanzong Prescription groups showed significant increase in the sperm count,sperm motility and significantly decreased malformation rate of sperm,the level of 8-OHdG in serum,and the protein expressions of p-P53 and γ-H2AX in testis were also significantly decreased.CONCLUSION Wuzi Yanzong Prescription can significantly alleviate the DNA damage of testis cells in mice induced by CTX through down-regulating protein expressions of p-P53 and γ-H2AX.

Objective To evaluate ketamine-induced cerebral protection in mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods Thirty-two pathogen-free healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 8 weeks,weighing 26-30 g,were divided into 4 groups using a random number table:control group (group C,n=7),ketanine group (group K,n=7),TBI group (n=9) and TBI plus ketamine group (group TBI+K,n =9).TBI was produced with a pneumatically driven controlled cortical impact device.Ketamine 150 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at l h after operation in TBI+K and K groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in TBI and C groups.Open field test was conducted at 24 h,72 h and 7 days after operation.The animals in TBI and TBI+K groups were scanned by T1-weighted MRI at 6,24 and 72 h after operation,the animals in C and K groups were scanned by MRI at 24 h after operation,and the development of cerebral edema was observed.Results MRI scan showed no cerebral edema in C and K groups,and different degrees of cerebral edema were found in TBI and TBI+K groups.Compared with group C,the locomotor distance was significantly shortened at 24 and 72 h after operation in group TBI (P＜0.05).Compared with group TBI,the size of cerebral edema was significantly decreased,and the locomotor distance was prolonged at 24 and 72 h after operation in group TBI+K (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion MRI method further clarifies that ketamine can produce cerebral protection to some extent in mice with TBI.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of total alkaloids from lotus seed on human hepatoma HepG2 cells.Methods: The effect of total alkaloids from lotus seed on the growth of HepG2 cells was studied by CCK-8 kit.The apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells was detected by flow cytometry.Results: When the action time was the same, with the increase of drug concentration, the inhibitory rate of total alkaloids from lotus seed on HepG2 cells increased, in a dose-dependent manner.At 72 h, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of total alkaloids from lotus seed on HepG2 cells was 1.501 μg·ml-1.At the same concentration, the inhibitory rate of the total alkaloids from lotus seed on HepG2 cells increased with the extension of the action time.At 72 h, the inhibition rate of 10 μg·ml-1 total alkaloids from lotus seed reached 72%.After treated with the total alkaloids from lotus seed at different concentrations, the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with the blank control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), and the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells was 85.6% treated with 20 μg·ml-1 total alkaloids from lotus seed.Conclusion: The total alkaloids from lotus seed can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the soluble A? oligomers-induced alteration of synaptic proteins. Methods This study applied immunocytochemistry technique to investigate the changes of the expression of postsynaptic density-95(PSD-95) in primary hippocampal neurons, which was exposed to A?_ 25-35 after NMDAR antagonist or agonist treatment. Results The results showed that A?_ 25-35 downregulated PSD-95 protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of cells with MK801 (a general NMDA receptor antagonist) prevented A?-induced PSD-95 degradation. Moreover, when extrasynaptic NMDA receptors were blocked by ifenprodil (a NR2B subunit specific antagonist), the A?-induced downregulation of PSD-95 was significantly attenuated. Whereas, when synaptic NMDA receptors were blocked by bicuculline (a GABA receptor antagonist) in combination with MK801, the PSD-95 degradation did not change significantly.Conclusion The results suggest that A?-induced downregulation of PSD-95 depends on NMDAR activity, and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may be involved in A?-induced synaptic protein degradation.

Objective To summarize the etiology and clinical features of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) in the recent l0 years in China.Methods Pubmed,Medline,EMbase,CNKI,Wan fang and VIP database were searched for relevant articles published from January 2001 to December 2016 using Pancreatitis,Recurrence and Etiology as term index words.Meta analysis was conducted by RevManS.3 software.Results A total of 16 studies involving 3 980 patients (RAP n =1 231,AP n =2 749) were included.The age and sex were not correlated with AP recurrence.Biliary diseases,alcohol,inappropriate diets were associated with AP recurrence,but these were not the factors influencing RAP.Hyperlipidemia was responsible for the occurrence of pancreatitis in 17.00％ of RAP and 10.20％ of AP,with statistically significant difference (P =0.002).Hyperlipidemia was an important risk factor influencing AP relapse.The percentage of SAP in AP and RAP patients was 16.83％ and 24.13％,respectively,and the complication rate was 11.43％ and 15.13％,and the percentage of jaundice was 28.20％ and 32.53％.Those in RAP were higher than those in AP,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hyperlipidemia was the predominant risk factor for RAP in China,and the patients with RAP tend to progress into SAP,and have jaundice and complications.