Objective　To analyze the current status of influenza in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and provide targeted measures for the prevention and control of influenza in the entire region. Methods　We collected data on influenza cases reported in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from the "Disease Monitoring Information Report Management System" of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2018 to 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 22.0, and the comparative differences were assessed using the χ2 test. ArcGIS 10.5 was used to create thematic maps. In this study, SaTScan 9.5 was used for spatiotemporal scanning analysis of influenza incidence data in the entire region from 2018 to 2022, conducting retrospective spatiotemporal reordering scans. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 25 485 cases of influenza were documented in Inner Mongolia, with the highest number of cases reported in 2019 (9 933 cases). Cases were reported throughout the year, with a peak season occurring in the winter and early spring of the following year. There were 13 538 cases in males and 11 947 cases in females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.13:1, indicating a higher incidence rate in males. Cases were mainly concentrated in individuals under the age of 20, especially in the age group of 0 to 10 years, There were significant differences in influenza incidence rates among different regions and years, showing alternate patterns of prevalence. Retrospective spatiotemporal scanning analysis of influenza cases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2022 revealed that, in terms of temporal distribution, the cluster of cases mainly occurred in November to December each year and in January of the following year. During the influenza season, cases exhibited significant spatiotemporal clustering in the region. Conclusions　The number of reported influenza cases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region varied from year to year but there was no increasing trend over time. Children under 10 years old were the primary susceptible population, and influenza exhibited significant seasonal variation and spatiotemporal clustering. It is recommended to strengthen public awareness and education on influenza prevention and vaccination before the influenza season each year, develop good hygiene habits, seek medical attention early when symptoms occur, and reduce the risk of clustered influenza outbreaks.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the tumor promoting activity syste m based on the ex-pression of 22 tumor pro motion marker genes in Bhas 42 cell transformation assay can be developed to be a new screening technique for predicting tumor promoting potential of che mical.METHODS Chose the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)as positive che mical and use the Bhas 42 cell lines as test syste m.Define the day of seeding cells as d 0.On d 4,medium in each well was changed with the medium DF5F containing 0.05 mg·L -1 TPA or 0.5 %DMSO,after treat for 24,48 and 72 hrs,collect the cell samples.Extract the RNA fro m the cell samples and detect the expression of Ccnb1 ,Rif1 , Mc m3,Chek1 ,Jun,Fosl1 ,Hells,Vegfa,St mn1 ,Prl2c3,Scarb1 ,Phex,Orm1 ,Orm2,Nup54, Slc2a1 ,Il1 rl1 ,Rad51 ap1 ,Tfrc,Ab1 ,Car13 and Pik3r5 at different ti mepoints by RT-PCR.RESULTS Co mpared to the negative group,the expression of 3 genes was increased after treat with TPA for 24 hr which are Vegfa,Il1 rl1 and Pik3r5;the expression of 12 genes was increased after treat with TPA for 48 hr which are Chek1 ,Hells,Mc m3,Rad51 ap1 ,Vegfa,Il1 rl1 ,Prl2c3,Slc2a1 ,Tfrc,Ab1 ,St mn1 and Rif1 ;the expression of 10 genes was increased after treat with TPA for 72 hr which are Chek1 ,Hells, Rad51 ap1 ,Vegfa,Il1 rl1 ,Prl2c3,Slc2a1 ,Tfrc,St mn1 and Ccnb1 .CONCLUSION The 22 tumor pro-motion marker genes showed different sensitivity to the positive control che mical at different ti mepoints after treat with TPA.The result was consistent with the pro motion activity of TPA.The 22 tumor pro motion marker genes combined with the Bhas 42 cell transformation assay can be developed to be a new screening technique for predicting tumor promoting potential of che mical.

Two cases of nevus of Ota resistant to multiple sessions of Q-switched laser treatment are reported.Both of the patients were females,who developed beige or blue patches on the left side of the face (zygomatic region,cheek)several months after birth.No conjunctiva or sclera was involved.The lesions spread to the left retroauricular region and posterior neck during pregnancy in one patient.Histopathological examination of the lesions showed scattered melanocytes and melanophages in lower dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as apparent proliferation of collagen.Immunostaining for CD34 showed no abnormality in the distribution of vascular endothelial cells in these tissues.No obvious improvement was observed in either of the patient after more than 10 sessions(12 sessions in 1 case,and 13 sessions in the other case)of treatments with Q-switched alexandrite(755 nm)or Q-switched Nd:YAG laser(1064 nm).The immediate response of lesions to laser irradiation was unusual.Purpura or errhysis was absent in the lesions after repetitive irradiation with high-energy laser,but both were visible in the adjacent normal skin even after irradiation with low-energy laser.

Background Plasticity of visual system is one of the mechanisms of deprivation amblyopia.Our previous study showed that synapsin plays a role during visual developmental plasticity,and conventional protein kinase C-γ (cPKC-γ) probably is one of upstream kinases of synapsin.However,whether or how the cPKC-γ plays its effects on visual developmental plasticity is below understood.Objective This study was to investigate the dynamic expression of cPKC-γ in visual cortex of normal mice and explore the effects of abnormal visual experience on cPKC-γ expression.Methods The bilateral visual cortex tissues were obtained from 36 clean C57BL/6 mice at postnatal (P) 7,14,21,28,35,42 days respectively and 6 mice for each for the researching of cPKC-γ dynamical expression in visual cortex over aging.Other 24 C57BL/6 mice were randomized into developmental phase group and adult phase group,12 for each group.The monocular deprived (MD) models were established by suturing the upper and inferior eyelides in P14 mice for 14 days in 6 mice in the developmental phase group and 6 healthy mice served as controls,and MD models were established in the same way in 6 P60 mice in the adult phase group,and the same aged mice (6 mice) were used as controls.The mice were sacrificed and bilateral visual cortexes were obtained.The expression of cPKC-γ protein in the visual cortex was quantitatively detected using Western blot assay.The study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Tongren Eye Hospital.The use and care of the experimental mice followed the ARVO Statement.Results The cPKC-γ protein was faintly expressed in visual cortex in normal P7 mice,with the related expressing level of (39.74± 11.22)％ and (40.78± 10.37)％ in the left and right cortex,respectively.The expressing level of cPKC-γ protein was gradually increased over aging,with the peak value of (138.68±15.73)％ and (138.47±23.48)％ in P21 mice.A significant difference was found in the expression of cPKC-γ protein in various ages of mice (Fage =57.174,P =0.000),and the expression of cPKC-γ protein was not significantly different between the left and right visual cortexses (Flateral =0.059,P =0.809).No significant differences were found in the expression of cPKC-γ protein on bilateral visual cortexes among the mice of the developmental phase group and adult phase group (Fage =1.798,P =0.159) or among the MD group and normal control group (Fgroup =0.104,P=0.749).Conclusions The dynamic expression of cPKC-γ in the visual cortex of normal mice presents a consistant tend with the aging and development of visual critical period.MD does not affect the expression of cPKC-γ protein in bilateral visual cortexes.Further researches should be performed in the activity of cPKC-γ protein in MD mice.

Objective:To study the feasibility of using the bionic technology to construct small-caliber vascular prostheses with modified SIS.Methods: The vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were separated from canine saphenous artery,the cells blended with collagen gel,which were planted respectively on the SIS films,these films were rolled into the biologic three-layer prostheses around a 3mm diameter polyethylene tube;one-layer prostheses without these cells and collagen gel served as control.These 2 types of prostheses were implanted into the defect of bilateral canine femoral by anastomosis in 15 dogs.doppler colour ultrasonic,histology detection and electron microscope examination were done postoperatively.Results: By 12 weeks postoperatively,14 biologic vascular prostheses had kept well patency,the patency rate being 93.3%,the biologic structure like blood vessels had formed,the inner surface of the vessels had been covered with full endothelial cells,a lot of smooth muscle cells had been found in the media of vascular walls in regular line;the patency rate in control group was 60.0%,the endothelial cell coverage was incomplete.Conclusions: The bionic vascular prostheses showed potent blood compatibility,which could keep long-term patency in vivo.Curative effect of repairing the small-caliber vessel defect was well satisfactory.

The changes of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)distribution and connexin 43(Cx43)expression in gastric muscle layers were assayed in gastroparesis models of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.The results showed that gastric emptying was significantly delayed,the contraction frequency and amplitude of gastric muscle segments were greatly decreased,Cx43 gray values were significantly increased and Cx43 distributed homogeneously with ICC immunopositivity in the model rats.These changes appear to be related to the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis.

Objective To evaluate the imaging performance and characteristics of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNET), in order to raise awareness of the disease and the diagnostic accuracy. Methods Thirteen patients with pPNET who confirmed by puncture or pathology were enrolled in this study. The CT and MRI features were retrospectively analyzed. Four patients received simple routine CT examination, and 9 patients had MRI examination based on X-ray, CT examination. Results The part of body involved was more widely.Two patients occurred in the sinuses, 1 patient in the chest wall, 1 patient in the lung, and 3 patients in the abdominal and pelvic(1 patient involved the pelvic floor through the pelvic wall lesions to basins), 1 patient in the spine, and 5 patients located in the extremities. The characteristics of pPNET by CT and MRI in soft tissue of 8 patients showed single large soft tissue mass, and the biggest was 11.2 cm × 10.6 cm. In bonds and joints of 5 patients, CT and MRI showed wide range of soft tissue mass, mixed internal signal/density with obviously uneven enhancement, significant bone destruction and dissolvable osseous changes, and no obvious tumor bone and calcification. Conclusions Each site has its relative imaging characteristics of pPNET. CT and MRI can show lesions involving the scope, internal structure, with or without adjacent tissue invasion and metastasis, and provide guidance for clinical treatment and selecting treatment regimen. But in the end, it depends on the diagnosis of pathological and immunohistochemical examination.

AIM: To report the safety and effectiveness of LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery.
● METHODS: Sixty - seven patients ( 76 eyes ) were included in the study. All the cases underwent LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery between Jul. 2014 and Jul. 2015. The completion rate of anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, intraocular lens implantation and corneal incisions, the best corrected distance visual acuity ( CDVA ) before and 1mo after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, the adverse events and equipment defect rate were recorded. The regression analysis of possible factors affecting the completion rate of corneal incision ( eye, age, location of incision, corneal diameter, peripheral corneal thickness, preoperative corneal astigmatism) was taken.
● RESULTS: All surgeries were uneventful. The completion rate of anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, intraocular lens implantation and corneal incisions was 97%, 100%, 100% and 83%, respectively. No adverse events ( posterior capsule rupture, corneal edema, macular edema and retinal detachment ) and device defect occurred. The CDVA was significantly improved 1mo after surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a correlation between location of corneal incision and completion rate of corneal incision, and no correlation was found between eye, age, corneal diameter, peripheral corneal thickness, preoperative corneal and completion rate of corneal incision.
●CONCLUSION: The LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted methodis efficient and safe for cataract surgery.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of lymphocyte count as a surrogate for CD4+T cell count in treatment-na(i)ve HIV-infected adults.Methods A total of 2 013 HIV-infected patients were screened at 23 sites in China.CD4+ T cell counts were measured by flow cytometry.Correlation between CD4+ T cell count and peripheral lymphocyte count were analyzed by spearman coefficient.AUCRoc were used to evaluate the performance of lymphocyte count as a surrogate for CD4+ T cell count.Results The lymphocyte count and CD4+T cell count of these 2 013 patients were (1 600±670) × 106/L and (244 ± 148) × 106/L respectively.CDa+ T cell count were positively correlated with lymphocyte count(r =0.482,P ＜0.000 1).AUCROC of lymphocyte count as a surrogate for CD4+ T cell counts of ＜ 100 × 106/L,＜200 × 106/L and ＜ 350 × 106/L were 0.790 (95％ CI 0.761-0.818,P ＜ 0.000 1),0.733 (95％ CI 0.710-0.755,P ＜ 0.000 1) and 0.732 (95％ CI 0.706-0.758,P ＜ 0.000 1) respectively.Conclusion Lymphocyte count could be considerad as a potential surrogate marker for CD4+ T cell count in HIV/AIDS patients not having access to T cell subset test by flowcytometry.

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly-developed method in transcriptome research, it can afford more accurate transcription information and be more quickly by using Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. RNA-Seq has been widely used in various biological fields. Genuine traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), with good quality and therapeutic effect, were always praised highly and used by famous physicians. The geo-herbalism formation of TCM is based on the product of the gene expression at specific space and time. So it has been a research hotspot to analyze the mechanism of biosynthesis through RNA-Seq in the study on the secondary metabolism of medicinal plant. This article mainly illustrates the RNA-Seq and its advantages, it also discusses the potential application in genuine TCM, and it can provide useful information for other researchers.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; RNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome