Objective To study the views of clinical nursing staff about current nursing quality evaluation so as to find the problems in nursing quality evaluation.Method 25 head nurses and nurses were interviewed using semi-structured open interview about nursing quality evaluation.Result The current nursing quality evaluation system was lower in sensitivity,focusing more on nursing skills but less on nursing evaluation of nursing specialties.Conclusions The system of current nursing quality evaluation lacks of nursing evaluation of nursing specialties and therefore cannot meet the requirements for the development of nursing specialty. Therefore,it is urgent to regulate an evaluation system for nursing specialties.

The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) has not been fully elucidated. Abnormal gastrointesti-nal dynamics and visceral hypersensitivity were its main pathophysiological basis. Abnormal expression of neu-ropeptides can affect the visceral sensation, secretion and movement, leading to the occurrence of IBS. This article reviewed the relationship between neuropeptides and IBS from the following neuropeptides: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SS). It provided reference evidences for the elucidation of IBS pathogenesis.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of vancomycin plasma concentration monitoring and its relationship with adverse reactions in treatment of elderly patients. Methods The clinical records of 32 patients aged over 70 years admitted in the Emergency Medical Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital were collected. Based on the diagnosis and laboratory examinations on admission, the patients were treated with cefoperazone+sulbactam or moxifloxacin, while in patients with severe infections, intravenous drip of carbapenem antibacterial drugs were given. After treatment for 3-5 days, when no effective results were obtained, according to the pathogenic results achieved from cultures of blood, sputum, secretions, catheter, etc, the corresponding treatment was given. If the infection was caused by positive bacteria mainly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sensitive to vancomycin, the original antibiotic was replaced by vancomycin or vancomycin combined with other antibiotic; intravenous drip of vancomycin 1 g in 250 mL normal saline was given, once in 12 hours, with a speed of 10 mg/min or not over 15 mg/min. The function of liver and kidney, and auditory impairment were observed, and the correlation between vancomycin plasma concentration and adverse reactions was analyzed. Results The total incidence of adverse reactions in elderly patients with different serum vancomycin trough concentrations was 37.50%(12/32) in which the highest incidence was kidney damage 18.75%(6/32) followed by the hearing loss 9.38%(3/32) and liver damage 9.38%(3/32). There were no statistical significant differences in the rates of adverse reactions among the different vancomycin trough concentrations (<10, 10-20,>20 mg/L) and [37.50%(6/16), 38.46%(5/13), 33.33%(1/3), all P>0.05], that meant along with the increase of vancomycin concentration, no tendency of increment of adverse reactions was seen. Of the 32 cases, there were 13 treated by vancomycin combined with other antibiotic, the combination rate being 40.63%. There were 2 cases of hepatic impairment (11.83%), 1 case of renal impairment (7.69%) and none hearing damage in patients treated with combination of antibiotic therapy. Therefore no correlation was concluded between the occurrence of adverse reactions and the combination therapy ( r=0.15, P>0.05). Conclusions In elderly patients over the age of 70 years, there is a higher incidence of kidney damage in the application of vancomycin. Thus, the monitoring of vancomycin plasma concentration in elderly patients has instructive significance in its clinical use.

OBJECTIVE To explore the incidence of the nosocomial infection in patients with mental diseases,analyze the correlative factors and then reduce the incidence.METHODS By using the retrospective method,the inpatient cases in Department of Psychotherapy from Jan 2000 to Dec 2005 were surveyed and statistically analyzed.RESULTS There were 307 cases of nosocomial infection from 4175 inpatients with mental diseases.The infection rate was 7.35%.The total rate had been dropped year by year.The major sites of the infection were the upper respiratory tract,the gastrointestinal tract and the lower respiratory tract.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of the nosocomial infection is related with fallowing factors:the characteristic of patients,the crowded wards,the changing seasons and the side-effect of drug.

Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; Ventricular Remodeling

OBJECTIVE:To compare clinical efficacy and safety of olanzapine and quetiapine for mental disorders elderly pa-tients. METHODS:120 elderly patients with mental disorders were randomly divided into olanzapine group and quetiapine group, with 60 cases in each group. Olanzapine group was given Olanzapine tablet orally with initial dose of 2.5 mg,qd,and then increas-ing to maximal dose 15 mg according to disease condition,qd;quetiapine group was given Quetiapine tablet orally with initial dose of 50 mg,qd,increasing to maximal dose 400 mg according to disease condtion,qd. Both groups received 6 weeks of treat-ment. Clinical efficacy of 2 groups were compared as well as PANSS and the quality score of life before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR. RESULTS:PANSS and the quality score of life were improved significantly in both groups,with statisti-cal significance (P>0.05);but there was no statistical significance between 2 groups (P>0.05). There was no statistical signifi-cance in clinical efficacy between 2 groups(P>0.05). The incidence of lethargy,hypotension and bradycardia in quetiapine group were significantly lower than in olanzapine group,while the incidence of tachycardia was significantly higher than olanzapine group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Olanzapine and quetiapine are similar to each other in the treat-ment of mental disorders elderly patients;both of them can effectively improve the quality of life,and ADR induced by quetiapine is slighter than that induced by olanzapine.

Synergetic antiplatelet effects of aqueous extracts of Fructus Crataegi and Rhizoma Alismatis in vitro were studied. The interaction of the two drugs was also observed. Results showed that the IC50 of Fructus Crataegi on platelet aggregation induced by ADP was 1.388g/100ml,whereas the IC50 of Rnizoma Alismatis was 7. 585g/100ml. In the presence of low concentrations of Fructus Crataegui (0.3~0.9g/100ml ),the an　tiplatelet activity of Rhizoma Alismatis was significantly increased,and the IC50 was only 1.755g/100ml with the presence of 0. 9g of Cralaegus pinnatifida per 100ml. These results suggested that the two drugs have a mutual synergetic effect on antiplatelet function

T7 cDNA phage display method was employed to find the binding protein of PreSl protein. PreSl protein was coated in a 96-well ELISA plate, and then T7 cDNA library phages were bound to the target protein. Phages which did not bind to garget protein were washed away and the binding phages were eluted. Insertions from different clones were sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed by Vector 6.0 software. Using BLAST software in GenBank, whole length of amino acid sequence of binding protein was obtained. After 4 rounds of biopanning, recombinant T7 phages with binding ablity were amplifed by infection to E. coli. One piece of amino acid sequence was found to be amino terminal of product of glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 (GLTSCR2). There was a binding domain KxPxKSGxxxL in these clones. T7 cDNA phage display technique can be used bo find the ligand. GLTSCR2 coding protein may be the binding protein to preSl protein of HBV.\;

Objective To evaluate the contrast enhanced CT manifestations of lymphoma involving cervical lymph node and to compare with features of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Methods CT findings of cervical lymph node were reviewed in 56 patients (male 44, female 12; age: 9-75 year, median 42 year) with untreated lymphoma and 66 patients (male 51, female 15; age: 16-76 year, median 48 year) with squamous cell carcinoma. Four patterns of enhanced nodes were identified: Type I: homogeneous enhancement with an attenuation equal or similar to that of muscle. Type Ⅱ: heterogeneous enhancement with an attenuation much higher than that of muscle. Type Ⅲ: central low density with peripheral enhancement. The enhanced rim was thick and irregular (ⅢA), or thin and regular (ⅢB). Type Ⅳ: central soft tissue density with a very thin enhanced capsule. Results There were various manifestations of cervical nodes of malignant lymphoma, more than one type of abnormalities could be found simultaneously. Type I(47/56, 83.9%) and Type Ⅳ(15/56, 26 8%) were almost exclusively found in lymphoma. Type Ⅱ was more commonly seen in squamous cell carcinoma (31/66, 47%), but was rarely seen in lymphoma (8/56, 14 3%). Type Ⅲ can be seen in both of these disease entities (lymphoma 21/56, 37 5%; squamous cell carcinoma 52/66, 78 8%) , but was more common in squamous cell carcinoma ( P

Converting two poorly water-soluble crystalline drugs to co-amorphous drug systems by ball milling, quench-cooling, or cryo-milling method can improve stability of the drug, enhance dissolution rates, and reduce adverse reactions of the single drug. Co-amorphous system has been used to solve problems of co-administration of medicines. Formation and intermolecular interactions of co-amorphous drug systems may be verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Stability of co-amorphous drug systems is influenced by their glass transition temperature (Tg) and intermolecular interactions. The theoretical Tg values and the interaction parameter x are calculated by Gordon-Taylor equation and the Flory-Huggins equation, respectively. Thus, co-amorphous drug systems are analyzed theoretically at molecular level. Co-amorphous drug systems provide a new sight for the co-administration of medicines.