The colorimetric method has been well developed to detect the sensitivity of most antiproliferative drugs with the advantages of objectivity and accuracy. Many parameters including the dosage and the absorbance of crystalline violet, the extraction time of the solvent, plate effect and marginal effect were investigated, then the optimized method was applied further to measure the biological activity during the refolding of recombinant human IFN-? inclusion bodies.

Choristoma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Gland ; pathology ; Tracheal Diseases

To discover medical teaching method which is more funny and effective in early clinical contact education, Eye optical hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University set up oph-thalmic microsurgery experience teaching course for junior medical students and set a variety of eye surgery simulation experience content, such as conjunctival suture surgery, corneal suture surgery, cataract surgery, eye surgery simulation and so on, which can effectively arouse students' professional interest in learning and promote students' thinking and exploration to their profession.

Objective To evaluate whether low carbohydrate diet before 18F-FDG tumor imaging could reduce myocardial 18F-FDG uptake.Methods From April 2011 to January 2012,70 patients were enrolled in this study.They were randomly divided into control group (34 cases) and test group (36 cases).Patients in control group were on regular diet,while those in test group had low carbohydrate diet in the evening before imaging.Blood samples were taken before injection of 18F-FDG for the measurement of serum glucose,free fatty acid,insulin and ketone body.Whole body 18F-FDG tomography was performed with dualhead coincidence SPECT.The myocardial uptake of FDG was assessed visually and scored as 0 for no uptake,1 for uptake lower than liver,2 for uptake similar to liver,3 for uptake higher than liver,and 4 for remarkable uptake.The ratio of myocardium to liver (H/L) was calculated.Two-sample t test,Wilcoxon rank sum test and linear correlation analysis were performed.Results The myocardial uptake in test group was significantly lower than that in control group with H/L ratios of 0.94±0.57 and 1.50±1.04,respectively(t=-2.75,P＜0.05).The concentrations of serum free fatty acid and ketone body in test group were significantly higher than those in control group: (0.671±0.229) mmol/L vs (0.547±0.207) mmol/L and (0.88±0.60) mmol/L vs (0.57±0.32) mmol/L,t=2.38 and 2.67,both P＜0.05.The concentrations of glucose and insulin were (5.28±1.06) mmol/L and (35.16±33.70) pmol/L in test group,which showed no significant difference with those in control group ((5.19±0.78) mmol/L and (41.64±35.13) pmol/L,t=0.39 and-0.79,both P＞0.05).A negative correlation was found between the myocardial uptake of 18F-FDG and serum free fatty acid/ketone body concentration (r=-0.40,-0.33,both P＜0.01),respectively.There was no correlation between the myocardial uptake of 18 F-FDG and glucose/insulin (r =-0.02,0.13,both P＞0.05),respectively.Conclusion Low carbohydrate diet before 18F-FDG tumor imaging can reduce myocardial uptake,thus facilitating detection of lesions near the heart.

China ; Humans ; Meningococcal Infections ; prevention & control ; Meningococcal Vaccines ; classification ; therapeutic use ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To explore the relationship between Arg913Gln(G→A) polymorphism of solute carrier family 12 member 3 (SLC12A3) gene and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Han population of Shanghai. Methods Two hundred and fifty-eight Han ethnic people in Shanghai with T2DM (T2DM group) were divided into non-DN group (DN0 group, n=95) and DN group (n=163) according to 24 h urine albumin excretion rate (AER), and those in DN group were subdivided into microalbuminuria group (DN1 group, n=95) and macroalbuminuria group (DN2 group, n=68). Besides, 82 people with normal results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), without diabetes mellitus and nephropathy were served as controls. PCR-sequencing was used to detect the genotypes of Arg913Gln polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene. Genotypic and allelic frequencies and clinical characteristics were compared among groups. Results Three genotypes (GG, GA and AA) were detected. The frequencies of GA+AA genotype and A allele in T2DM group were higher than those in control group, while there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in genotypic or allelic frequencies among subgroups of T2DM group (P>0.05). The level of triglyeeride (TG), AER, level of fasting insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR in patients with GA+AA genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with GG genotype in T2DM group (P<0.05). Conclusion Arg913Gln(G→A) polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene is not significantly associated with T2DM and DN in Han population of Shanghai. The AER of people with GA+AA genotype is significantly higher than that with GG genotype. Arg913Gln (G→A) polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene may predict the risk of increase of albuminuria in patients with T2DM in Han population of Shanghai.

OBJECTIVE To survey the drug resistance variation of pathogens.METHODS We analyzed all of the pathogens isolated from Jan 1998 to Dec 2005 and the drug resistance results.WHONET5 software was used to analyze the data.RESULTS A total of 19 832 strains of pathogens were detected for eight years.There was ascending tendency in ESBLs and MRS.The ratio of strains and resistance also varied.The general trend was that the order of Staphylococcus was going up and the order of non-fermented and fermented bacteria was ascending alternately.CONCLUSIONS The resistance variation of pathogens in our hospital consists with the global tendency of bacteria resistance.Of course it has its own characteristics.The resistance surveillance should be continued especially for ESBLs,MRS,VISA and VRSA.

Aim The expression of NF-?B activation and the effect of antioxidant (N- acetylcysteine, NAC) on NF-?B activity in human airway epithelial cell was assessed. Methods Using the TNF-?,the airway epithelial cell strains of normal subject(16HBE) and tumor patient (H292) was activated and using Western-Blot and ELISA the expression of NF-?B and IL-8 were detected. Results It was found that the activity of NF-?B could be stimulated by the TNF-? and increase with the amount of TNF-? with the peak occurring at 2 to 4 hours after stimulation and then decreasing at six hours. At the same time, the level of IL-8 was elevated, but decreased with inhibition of NF-?B activity by NAC, that means the action of NAC has a dose-dependent effect. Conclusion NAC not only blocks the signal transmission activated by NF-?B, but also anticipates the transcription modulation of expression of many cell factors and inflammatory mediums. It suggests that NAC may play a role in the anti-inflammatory treatment of respiratory diseases.

Objective To develop a sensitive,specific, simple and rapid quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) assay for detection of Staphylococcus aureus with SmartCycler.Methods According to the nuc gene sequences specific to S.aureus, a pair of primers and one TaqMan probe were designed. An internal amplification control (IAC) which is a chimeric double-stranded DNA constructed from a fragment of the Listeria monocytogenes hly gene flanked by the nuc-specific target sequences was added to the reaction system. This IAC was detected using a second TaqMan probe labeled with a different fluorophore. The performance of the nuc-IAC Q-PCR was evaluated using artificially contaminated drinking water and commercial UTH whole milk samples spiked with ATCC 6538.Results The nuc-IAC assay could be used reliably for detection with a sensitivity of 5 copies of linear plasmid DNA per reaction, 10 fg of genomic DNA in 62.5% of the reactions or 50 cfu/ml S.aureus cells with 50% probability. The quantification was linear (r~2≥0.998) over a 6-log dynamic range, with a PCR efficiency over 0.967. The 5×10~2 CFU per 25 ml mimic sample of drinking water or milk could be detected by this assay consistently and quantifiably.Conclusion The nuc-IAC Q-PCR assay for S.aureus is developed. It could not only be applied for the quantitative detection of S.aureus, but also prevent the false negatives and underestimations of contamination loads due to PCR failure.

As a depot drug delivery system, injectable polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) sustained-release microspheres have been successfully used to treat many diseases since the first microsphere product Lupron depot was approved for marketing in the United States in 1989. It has the ability of long-term release in the body for several days to several months, which can not only reduce the times of administration, but also reduce the drug blood concentration fluctuations, significantly improve the safety and patient compliance. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) makes the development of microspheres more possible. It can describe the dynamic information of drug release in vivo through the in vitro release behavior of microspheres, and can reduce the workload of each stage and shorten the time span while characterizing the performance of microspheres. IVIVC can provide guidance or support for drug development, production changes, supervision and management. This article summarizes the release mechanism of injectable PLGA sustained-release microspheres, common measurement methods and theories of in vitro and in vivo release. And we also focus on the establishment and application of IVIVC, especially A level IVIVC in the field of microsphere preparations, to provide a reference for further study on in vitro-in vivo correlation of microspheres.