Objective:To observe any effect of high-intensity exercise on cardiac remodeling and nitroso-redox imbalance in rats modeling type 1 diabetes so as to provide a theoretical basis and targets for prescribing rehabilitation exercise for patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy.Methods:Forty-five 8-week-old healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (NC) of 10, a diabetic control group (DMC) and a diabetic exercise group (DME). Type 1 diabetes was induced in the DMC and DME groups by injecting streptozotocin. The NC and DMC group rats were then fed quietly in their cages, while the DME group rats performed high-intensity treadmill exercise 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training, cardiac structure and function were detected by echocardiography, and fasting blood glucose was measured by the glucose oxidase method. Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (CSA) and interstitial collagen volume fraction (CVF) were observed. Myocardial tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) content was determined chromatographically, and myocardial p47 phox and p67 phox protein, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and eNOS dimer and monomer protein levels were detected using western blotting. Results:Compared with the NC group, the average blood glucose, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), myocardial CSA and CVF, and p47 phox and p67 phox protein expression had all increased significantly, but the eNOS dimer/monomer ratio and BH4 content had decreased significantly in the DMC group. In the DME group the average blood glucose, LVEDD, LVESD, myocardial CSA and CVF were significantly lower than in the DMC group, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in p47 phox or p67 phox protein expression, the eNOS dimer/monomer ratio or BH4 content. Conclusion:Short-term, high-intensity exercise can inhibit cardiac remodeling in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy, but it does not relieve the nitro-redox imbalance.

AIM: To investigate the correlation between the ocular demodex infection and the composition of meibum lipid flora.METHODS: A non-interventional and observational study was performed on recruited 39 patients in our hospital between July 2020 and February 2021. They were divided into control group(n=14), meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)group(n=14), and demodex group(FM, n=11)according to the presence or absence of demodex infection or MGD. High-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 fragment of 16S rRNA gene was performed on the meibomian ester samples of the three groups of subjects, and bioinformatics analysis was performed on the sequencing data to study the composition and difference of meibum lipid flora in the subjects of ocular demodex.RESULTS: Pseudomonas and Comamonas in FM group were significantly higher than those in control group and MGD group(P<0.05), while Ralstonia in Demodex infection group was significantly lower than that in control group and MGD group(P<0.05). The microbial richness and community diversity of meibum lipid flora of the MGD group and the FM group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Ocular demodex infection changed the composition of meibum lipid flora and increased the microbial richness and community diversity of meibum lipid flora.

Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Blood Transfusion ; Infant, Premature, Diseases

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the physical health level of students of different school-age segments in four regions of Anhui province using the entropy weight approximation ideal solution ranking method (TOPSIS), and to provide a scientific method and basis for conducting school health work evaluation. Methods: Using the physical fitness survey data of four regions in Anhui province, the entropy weight method was used to draw the weights of various indicators for different school-age segments of men and women. Then, the TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the school-age segments of men and women in the four regions. Finally, the physical health level of students in four regions was classified according to the results of entropy weight TOPSIS and the rank sum ratio method. Results: A total of 10 127 students were included in this study, with an average age of (11.85±3.82) years, including 5 050 males (49.8%) and 5 072 urban students (50.1%). The results of the entropy weight method showed that the weight of body mass index of boys was similar to that of girls in each school-age segment. According to the TOPSIS and rank sum ratio analysis, the physical health level of students in the four regions of Anhui province was different. The physical health score of Suzhou was 0.617 4 points, which was classified as the best grade. The scores of Hefei and Wuhu were 0.556 3 and 0.411 2, which were classified as middle. Jiju City scored 0.381 9 points, which was classified as poor. Conclusion: TOPSIS combined with rank sum ratio can reflect the level of students' physical health, which can be applied to the evaluation of students' physical health and provide a basis for monitoring students' physical health .
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Child ; Adolescent ; Entropy ; Health Status ; Physical Fitness ; Students ; Body Mass Index

Objective:To explore the effect of supplementing stem cell therapy with aerobic exercise in left ventricle remodeling after myocardial infarction.Methods:Sixty 6-week-old male Wistar rats had acute myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. They were then randomly divided into a model group, a stem cell group, an exercise group and an observation group. Another ten healthy Wistar rats formed a sham operation group. The rats in the stem cell and observation groups were infused with a suspension of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the tail vein. Beginning four weeks later, the exercise and observation groups underwent 60 minutes of aerobic treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the eight weeks the rats′ exercise performance was evaluated using a graded treadmill exercise test. And after the last training session cardiac structure and function were detected using ultrasound imaging. Tissue was then collected from the left ventricles and the collagen volume fractions were calculated. The expression of myocardial brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), heavy chain β-myosin (β-MHC) and α-MHC mRNA was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCRs.Results:Compared with the sham operation group, the time and distance to exhaustion shortened significantly in the model group, with a significant decrease in the average maximum running speed, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle shortening fraction (LVFS), expression of α-MHC and the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio. There was a significant increase in the average resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, expression of BNP and β-MHC in the model group. Compared with the model group, there was a significant increase in the average LVEF and LVFS of the stem cell group as well as in the time and distance to exhaustion, maximum running speed, expression of α-MHC and in the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio of the observation group, but a significant decrease in the average collagen volume fraction of the stem cell group compared with the observation group, together with the resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, the expression of BNP and of β-MHC. Compared with the stem cell group, the observation group showed a significant increase in the average time and distance to exhaustion, maximum running speed, expression of α-MHC and the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio, with a significant decrease in the average resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, expression of BNP and β-MHC.Conclusion:Aerobic exercise or stem cell therapy alone can inhibit left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction, at least in rats. The combination of the two treatments has a synergistic effect and can further enhance the effect of stem cell therapy.

Objective:To explore any effect of regular aerobic exercise on renal fibrosis and apoptosis in rats with spontaneous hypertension.Methods:Thirty 6-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into a sedentary group (group HS) and an exercise group (group HE). Ten age- and sex-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats formed a control group. The rats in group HE underwent 12 weeks of swimming exercise lasting 60 minutes, five times a week, while the other two groups were kept quiet in their cages. Before and after the training, the tail artery blood pressure of each rat was measured. Renal function was evaluated after the experiment by measuring 24h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, while the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was measured using Masson staining and the collagen volume fraction was calculated. The number of apoptotic cells in the renal tubular epithelial tissue was recorded by TUNEL staining and the apoptosis rate was calculated. The expression of renal transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), Smad2/3, Smad7, Bax and Bcl-2 protein were detected using western blotting.Results:After the intervention, the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure of group HS had increased significantly, while those of group HE had decreased significantly, with no significant changes in those measurements among the control group. Compared with the control group, after the intervention, the average blood pressure, 24h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, as well as the cell apoptosis rate and expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and Bax had increased significantly, and that of Smad7 and Bcl-2 had decreased significantly in group HS. And compared with group HS, in group HE the average blood pressure, 24h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and the cell apoptosis rate had decreased significantly, together with the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and Bax, but the average expression of Smad7 and Bcl-2 had increased significantly.Conclusion:Regular aerobic exercise can relieve the renal dysfunction seen in spontaneous hypertension, at least in rats, by inhibiting renal fibrosis and apoptosis.

Objective:To observe any effect of high-intensity interval training on the blood pressure and renal function of Wistar-Kyoto rats modeling spontaneous hypertension (SHR) and to explore the mechanism of the renal renin-angiotensin system′s (RAS′s) role in this process.Methods:Twenty male SHR were randomly divided into a sedentary group and an exercise group, each of 10. Another 10 Wistar-Kyoto rats formed a normotensive control group. The rats in the normotensive and hypertensive sedentary groups were fed quietly in their cage, while the hypertensive exercise group performed high-intensity interval training for 8 weeks. After the last exercise, blood pressure, renal function, the kidney levels of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the protein expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), AT2R and Mas receptor (MasR) were measured.Results:Compared with the normotensive group, the hypertensive sedentary group showed a significant increase in average blood pressure, IL-6, ACE and AT1R protein and the ratio of AT1R to AT2R. There was a significant decrease in the renal function, the average NO level and the expression of ACE2, AT2R and MasR protein. That group also showed a significant decrease in blood pressure, IL-6, ACE and AT1R protein expression and the AT1R: AT2R ratio compared with the hypertensive sedentary group, but a significant increase in renal function, average NO content and the expression of ACE2, AT2R and MasR protein.Conclusion:Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training has a protective effect on the kidneys by regulating the renin-angiotensin system, at least in rats.

The Baimai Ointment with the effect of relaxing sinew and activating collaterals demonstrates a definite effect on Baimai disease with pain, spasm, stiffness and other symptoms, while the pharmacodynamic characteristics and mechanism of this agent remain unclear. In this study, a rat model of chronic compression of L4 dorsal root ganglion(CCD) was established by lumbar disc herniation, and the efficacy and mechanism of Baimai Ointment in the treatment of CCD were preliminarily explored by behavioral tests, side effect evaluation, network analysis, antagonist and molecular biology verification. The pharmacodynamic experiment indicated that Baimai Ointment significantly improved the pain thresholds(mechanical pain, thermal pain, and cold pain) and gait behavior of CCD model rats without causing tolerance or obvious toxic and side effects. Baimai Ointment inhibited the second-phase nociceptive response of mice in the formalin test, increased the hot plate threshold of normal mice, and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Network analysis showed that Baimai Ointment had synergistic effect in the treatment of CCD and was related to descending inhibition/facilitation system and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, behavioral tests, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assay revealed that the pain-relieving effect of Baimai Ointment on CCD may be related to the regulation of the interaction between neuroactive ligand and receptors(neuroligands) such as CHRNA7, ADRA2A, and ADRB2, and the down-regulation of the expression of NOS2/pERK/PI3K, the core regulatory element of HIF-1 signaling pathway in spinal microglia. The findings preliminarily reveal the mechanism of relaxing sinew and activating collaterals of Baimai Ointment in the treatment of Baimai disease, providing a reference for the rational drug use and further research of this agent.
Rats ; Mice ; Animals ; Chronic Pain/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism* ; Ligands ; Signal Transduction ; Hyperalgesia/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Based on ITS sequences, the molecular identification of Cordyceps cicadae and Tolypocladium dujiaolongae was carried out, and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprint combined with chemical pattern recognition method was established to differentiate C. cicadae from its adulterant T. dujiaolongae. The genomic DNA from 10 batches of C. cicadae and five batches of T. dujiaolongae was extracted, and ITS sequences were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The stable differential sites of these two species were compared and the phylogenetic tree was constructed via MEGA 7.0. HPLC was used to establish the fingerprints of C. cicadae and T. dujiaolongae, and similarity evaluation, cluster analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were applied to investigate the chemical pattern recognition. The result showed that the sources of these two species were different, and there were 115 stable differential sites in ITS sequences of C. cicadae and T. dujiao-longae. The phylogenetic tree could distinguish them effectively. HPLC fingerprints of 18 batches of C. cicadae and 5 batches of T. dujiaolongae were established. The results of CA, PCA, and PLS-DA were consistent, which could distinguish them well, indicating that there were great differences in chemical components between C. cicadae and T. dujiaolongae. The results of PLS-DA showed that six components such as uridine, guanosine, adenosine, and N~6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine were the main differential markers of the two species. ITS sequences and HPLC fingerprint combined with the chemical pattern recognition method can serve as the identification and differentiation methods for C. cicadae and T. dujiaolongae.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Cordyceps/genetics* ; Hypocreales ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical treatment outcomes and the changes of the outcomes over time in extremely preterm twins in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 269 pairs of extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks who were admitted to the department of neonatology in 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the admission time, they were divided into two groups: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Besides, each pair of twins was divided into the heavier infant and the lighter infant subgroups according to birth weight. The perinatal data of mothers and hospitalization data of neonates were collected. The survival rate of twins and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of severe asphyxia and smaller head circumference at birth (P<0.05). The mortality rates of both of the twins, the heavier infant of the twins, and the lighter infant of the twins were lower in the 2013-2017 group compared with the 2008-2012 group (P<0.05). Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (P-IVH), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and a higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in the survival rate over time in extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks in the 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province. The incidences of severe asphyxia, pulmonary hemorrhage, PDA, P-IVH, and NRDS decrease in both the heavier and lighter infants of the twins, but the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the multidisciplinary collaboration between different fields of fetal medicine including prenatal diagnosis, obstetrics, and neonatology is needed in the future to jointly develop management strategies for twin pregnancy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome