Along with the frequent international communication of TCM, translation of related classics becomes increasingly important. The translation of TCM classics' titles, which reveal the content of the classics, is equally essential. Dictated by the translating principles of standardization, correspondence, readability and nationalism, the paper analyzed the translation of TCM classics' titles containing modesty words, and put forward the following translation strategies translation: The method of foreignization is preferred for the translation of titles involving heterogeneous culture in order to retain the unique TCM concept while the method of domestication is advised for the translation of titles involving elements in conflict with the target culture; In the translation of TCM classics' titles containing modesty word(s), weakening or omitting the sense of self-depreciation is proposed. The paper aimed to contribute to the standardization of TCM nomenclature translation in order to promote international dissemination of TCM classics.

BACKGROUND: The expression and significance of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in different diseases are different.OBJ ECTTVE: To investigate the expression of TGF-α and EGF-R in human liver cirrhosis tissues.DESIGN : Non-randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This trial was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA during March 2003 to May 2004. Sixty-three samples of human liver cirrhosis tissue were obtained from Department of General Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA (Informed consents were obtained). Five human normal liver tissues were obtained form autopsy in Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA (patients with liver diseases were excluded).METHODS: Sixty-three samples of human liver cirrhosis specimens and five human normal liver tissues were studied with immunohistochemical method and in situ hybridization technique. The positive rates of TGF-α and EGF-R were calculated and managed statistically.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Detection of the expressions of TGF-α and EGF-R in liver cirrhosis tissues were detected with immunohistochemical method and in situ hybridization technique.RESULTS: The expression rate of TGF-α and EGF-R in 63 samples of human liver cirrhosis tissues was 84% (53/63)and 52% (33/63) respectively. These positive granules were brown and most of them were in cytoplasm of hepatocytes.There was significantly positive correlation between TGF-α and EGF-R (r =0.32,P ＜ 0.05). In five normal liver tissues,TGF-α and EGF-R were not detectable in hepatocytes and bile ducts. In situ hybridization showed the levels of TGF-αmRNA and EGF-R mRNA were higher (86%, 54%) than those of immunohistochemistry. There was no significant difference between two detective methods (P＞0.05).CONCLUSrON: Liver cirrhosis might be under the autocrine regulation of TGF-α/EGF-R. Increasing expression of TGF-αand EGF-R might be one of important factors in liver cirrhosis pathogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the mechanism of gambogenic acid (GNA) in inducing the apoptosis of melanoma B16 cells.

METHODThe inhibitory effect of GNA on the proliferation of B16 cells was measured by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The effect of GNA on B16 cells was detected by the Hoechst 33258 staining. The transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultra-structure changes of B16 cells. The changes in PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p-mTOR, PTEN proteins were detected by the Western blotting to discuss the molecular mechanism of GNA in inducing the apoptosis of B16 cells.

RESULTGNA showed a significant inhibitory effect in the growth and proliferation of melanoma B16 cells. The cell viability remarkably decreased with the increase of GNA concentration and the extension of the action time. The results of the Hoechst 33258 staining showed that cells processed with GNA demonstrated apparent apoptotic characteristics. Under the transmission electron microscope, B16 cells, after being treated with GNA, showed obvious morphological changes of apoptosis. The Western blot showed a time-dependent reduction in the p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expressions, with no change in p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expression quantities. The p-mTOR protein expression decreased with the extension of time, where as the PTEN protein expression showed a time-dependent increase.

CONCLUSIONGNA could inhibit the proliferation of melanoma B16 cells and induce their apoptosis within certain time and concentration ranges. Its mechanism in inducing the cell apoptosis may be related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Terpenes ; pharmacology ; Xanthenes ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

The author introduces the basic concepts of microsatellite and population genetics and its characteristics, expounds the application of these theories for population genetic structure and genetic diversity, gene flow and evolutionary significant unit ESU division research. This paper discuss its applicationin study of genetic causes, origin of cultivation, different regional origins of geoherbs, aiming at providing a new theory and method for geoherbs.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Genetic Techniques ; Geography ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics

Objective To measure and analyze the radioactivity level of 210Pb in outdoor air in Beijing in spring.Methods Portable high flow air samplers were used to collect outdoor air at the ground level to analyze the 210Pb radioactivity in the aerosol filter samples using a laboratory-based high purity germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometer.Results The activity concentration of 210Pb outdoors ranged from 267.2 to 1 697.6 μBq/m3,with an average of (878.7 ± 386.7) μBq/m3.Statistical analysis showed that the activity concentrations 210Pb of outdoors varied with variable air quality.Conclusions The activity concentrations of 210Pb outdoors are detectable in Beijing,varying considerably but within the normal range.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the curative effect of Danhong injection in treating cerebral infarction.METHODS:30 patients(trial group) were assigned to receive Danhong injection,while 26(control group) to receive Ligustrazine injection.The neurologic impairment score,clinical efficacy and ADRs during medication were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:The total effective rates in trial group vs.in control group were 86.67% vs.65.38%,showing significant differences between the two groups(P

Objective To assess the accuracy and precision of γ-spectrometry analysis, and to obtain accurate and valid measurement results in the middle term and long term. Methods A nationwide intercomparison on gamma-ray spectrometry measurement of activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil and building material was organized by National Institute for Radiological Protection( NIRP) , China CDC. Results 15 laboratories participated in this intercomparison, with 13 laboratories produced acceptable results. Only 2 laboratories were classified as " not acceptable" , including one for inappropriate accuracy in determination of 40K and another for inappropriate precision determination of 226Ra in both kinds of the samples. Through comment and discussion, the second round intercomparison got satisfactory results. Conclusions The overall measurement results of samples for intercomparison are in close agreement with the reference values. Most of the laboratories involved in the intercomparison have good ability in γ-spectrometry analysis.

Objective To describe a simplified generic procedure to evaluate the external exposure dose evaluation in radiological emergency, and to compile the corresponding computer software. Methods Based on the related reports of IAEA, this generic procedure of external exposure dose evaluation in radiological emergency was compiled to computer software by Visual Basic 6.0. Results The generic procedure for evaluation of external exposure dose could be used in the external exposure radiation accident emergency. The actual accident data were input in this software, then the results from this software agreed with those of the actual accident well. The maximum error was 40% , and the minimum error was 6%.Conclusions The generic procedure for evaluation of external exposure dose could provide practical emergency response guidance. The software might help to evaluate the accidental dose more quickly and accurately, and provide scientific basis to take the immediate response actions.

Objective To organize measurement comparison among provincial CDC gamma spectrometry laboratory for verification of the precision and accuracy of the measuring results from each laboratory and to improve the ability and level for radionuclides measurement in building materials.Methods The method for gamma spectrometry measurement comparison was referred to the method of IAEA international comparison in 2002.Results The results of these labs in this comparison agreed with the reference results well.About 50% labs' relative biases were less than 5%,over 80% labs were less than 10%.Conclusions The results of this comparison showed that the analysis method for the radioactivity content in building materials by gamma spectrometry in each lab was credible and meet the request of the standard GB 6566-2001 "Radioactive Nuclide Limit for Building Materials".

Objective To study common Gram negative bacterial pathogens and their drug resistant pattern in sputum isolates from patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Chengdu children' s hospital. Methods Comparing to the period of 2004-2006 with 2007-2009, we retrospectively reviewed eligible sputum isolates of common Gram negative bacilli and their drug resistance pattern. All specimens were processed according to standard microbiological methods for both quantitative and qualitative cultures. Pathogen was the single predominant growth after two consecutive cultures. Strict quality control was used in all test agents and paper disk for drug resistance analysis. Results Total of 598 Gram negative bacterial isolates were identified in patients over 6 years. The first 5 bacteria respectively were Escherichia coli 167 samples(27.93%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 109 samples ( 18.23% ), Enterobacter cloacae 93 samples ( 15.55% ),Acinetobacter baumannii 64 samples ( 10. 7% ), Pseudomonas aeroginosa 43 samples (7. 19% ). They were mostly sensitive to Imipenam, Amikacin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Most drug resistance rate was found in Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cephalosporin. Apart from Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Acinetobacter Baumannii,no Gram negative bacteria was found to be resistant to Imipenam. Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL secreting Escherichia coli isolates were obviously increasing when compared to 3 years ago. Conclusion Comparing the period of 2004-2006, the Gram negative bacterial isolates were increasing in our PICU patients during 2007 to 2009. Close monitoring of drug resistance pattern changes in PICU would guide rational use of antibiotics in these critically ill children.