AIM: To evaluate the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops in basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, expression of androgen receptors(AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on dry eye caused by gonadal hormones level imbalance. METHODS:A total of 45 Wistar masculinity rats were divided at random into 9 groups, including normal group(A1,A2 and A3), model group(B1,B2 and B3), therapy group with extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops(C1,C2 and C3). The "1" stood for being fed for 1 month, and "2" for 2 months, and "3" for 3 months. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on group B,C. Group C was treated with Buddleja officinalis extract eye drops for one month. All rats were checked with Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) and tear film break-up time (BUT). Expression of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer(FCM). RESULTS:The SⅠt value of group C was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.01) and the BUT value of group C was significantly longer than that of group B (P<0.01), which indicated the eye drop could significantly keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability. And the expression of AR of group C was much higher than that of group B,which showed that available composition of the eye drops maybe display androgen-like activity.CONCLUSION:The main components of extract of Buddleja officinalis is the flavonoids which could significantly inhibit happening of dry eye of rat after androgen level lowered. Its mechanism is like androgen's and it could display androgen-like activity to keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.

Objective Lipid metabolism disorder can lead to male sterility, but its mechanism of affecting spermatogenesis and testis microenvironment remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effects of high fat diet on reproductive function and the expression of Ox-LDL within testis in male mice. Methods 16 C57BL/6 mice aged 8 weeks were divided into two groups by random number table method.High fat diet group was fed with high fat diet while normal fat diet group was fed with normal fat diet .At the end of 16 weeks, the levels of TG, TC, Ox-LDL and testosterone in serum were measured.The sperm concentration and motility from caudal epi-didymis were analyzed.The testis structure was observed by HE stai-ning.The localization and expression of Ox-LDL in testis were detec-ted by immunohistochemical technique. Results Compared with the normal diet group mice, the body weight (P<0.05) and the ser-um levels of TC [(2.31 ±0.33)mmol/L vs (6.54 ±0.31)mmol/L, P<0.01], Ox-LDL [(0.32 ±0.03)mg/L vs ( 0.44 ±0.06)mg/L, P<0.01] increased in high fat diet group mice significantly.The serum level of TG was of no significant difference(P>0.05).The serum level of testosterone[(3.64 ±0.43)mg/L vs (0.40 ±0.14) mg/L, P<0.01], the sperm concentration[(9.95 ±0.75)106/mL vs (5.66 ±1.51)106/mL, P<0.01] and the sperm motility[(54.69 ±17.84)%vs (32.48 ±5.80)%, P<0.01] decreased in high fat diet group significantly.HE staining also showed that the amount of Leydig cells, spermatids and spermatozoons reduced obvi-ously in high fat diet group.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that Ox-LDL was mainly distributed around Leydig cells of mice tes-tis.The expression of Ox-LDL in high fat diet group increased significantly ( P<0.01) . Conclusion The expression of Ox-LDL in Leydig cells of high fat diet C57BL/6J mice increases significantly, which may inhibit testosterone biosynthesis and affect spermatogen-ic function.

Objective To investigate current situation of prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for acute stroke patients.Methods From June 2008 to October 2010,with simple cluster sampling,48 centers were randomly assigned to the intervention group receiving a standardized treatment strategy,and the usual care group without specific recommendations for treatment.No specific recommendations or restrictions of TCM were proposed for both groups.Consecutive hospitalized patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited in this study.Clinical data and treatment strategy (including TCM) were recorded by trained investigators.The prescription of TCM three months prior to admission and at discharge was recorded and analyzed.The chi-square test was used for analysis of qualitative data.Results Totally 3 664 patients were included in the analysis (1 709 patients in standard care group and 1 955 patients in the usual care group) with male to female ratio 2∶ 1.The difference of distribution of age,sex and education level between the two groups was not statistically significant.One hundred and eighty-seven patients (5.10％) had taken TCM three months prior to admission,81.28％ of them only taking one type of TCM,without significant difference between the two groups.The percentage of patients taking TCM at discharge was significantly increased to 30.65％ for all the patients with higher percentage (38.16％) in the usual care group than that in the standard care group (22.06％).The percentage of using more than one type of TCM was also higher in the usual care group (x2 =141.43,P ＜ 0.01).Totally,112 types of TCM were prescribed at discharge.Conclusions Nearly one third of hospitalized patients with acute stroke were prescribed TCM at discharge,with mostly monotherapy and a great variety.

Objective To investigate the drug compliance and related factors in patients after intracoronary stent implantation. Methods Investigated 81 patients after intracoronary stent implantation self-designed questionnaire by drug compliance scale, depress scale and family function scale and analyze the results.Results Drug compliance of patients after intracoronary stent implantation was related to depress status (r =-0. 292,P ＜0. 01 ) and main diagnosis( r = -0. 253, P ＜ 0. 05 ), number of stent was related to depress status (r =0. 368 ,P ＜0. 01 ) and family function(r = -0. 259,P ＜0. 05 ). Conclusions Except for the patients, nurse should also enhance the health education to their family members for promoting patients' drug compliance out of hospital.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions.

METHODThe PESI dosage-dependent experiment for hypoxia rats was conducted under constant pressure and closed conditions by intraperitoneally injecting 125, 250, 500 mg x kg(-1) to finalize that the optimum dosage is the high dose of PESI. Afterwards, 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the hypoxic model group, the acetazolamide 250 mg x kg(-1) group and the PESI high dose group. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to different hypoxia times, with 10 rats in each subgroup. Under the same hypoxia and administration conditions, the rats were sacrificed after 0, 3, 6 h respectively. Their brain samples were collected for common pathological observation and immunohistochemical staining of HIF-1alpha. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect HIF-1alpha, EPO, HO-1 and Caspase-3 gene expressions. And the Western blot assay was adopted to detect HIF-1alpha protein expression.

RESULTThe brain tissues of the hypoxia model group were severely damaged with the increase in the hypoxia time. The acetazolamide group and the PESI high does group were damaged in a much lower degree. According to the gene expression and the Western blot assay, high dose of PESI could inhibit HIF-1alpha expression. According to the pure gene expression test, high dose of PESI could increase EPO and HO-1 mRNA expressions, but inhibit Caspase-3 mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONPESI's protective mechanism for brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions may be related to its effects in inhibiting HIF-1alpha expression, increasing EPO expression and resisting cell apoptosis.

Alkanes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Brain ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cytoprotection ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythropoietin ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saussurea ; chemistry

For the investigation of the metabolic regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under different culture conditions, the proteins of cell utilizing various carbon sources were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients as the first dimension and SDS-PAGE as the second. Samples were taken in the log phase of batch culture using glucose or lactic acid as carbon source, while another sample was taken from the broth when glucose was consumed up and ethanol accumulated in the previous phase was further metabolized. After electrophoresis, the protein spots were detected by silver-stain in a Hoefer Automated Gel Stainer with a protein silver staining kit. Silver-stained gels were scanned and digitized to create computer images. About 500 protein spots were detected by employing the 2D proteome image analysis system Image Master 2D Elite and SWISS-2DPAGE proteome database. Most of the protein expressed and involved in the glycolysis, pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, anaplerotic pathway, as well as TCA cycle were analyzed. The metabolism regulation of protein level for Saccharomyces cerevisiae under various carbon sources, as well as during different phase of growth, was studied. The expression of several glycolytic enzymes (glk, pgi, pgk, eno, pyk) was up-regulated while the expression of enzymes in oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (zwf, gnd) was down-regulated when ethanol and lactic acid were taken as carbon source. Simultaneously, frucotose 1,6-biphosphatase was found to be up-regulated due to the gluconeogenic requirement. Citrate synthase and Malate dehydrogenase do not exhibit significant difference, indicating TCA cycle is necessary when utilizing glucose, ethanol or lactic acid as carbon source. Thus, the NADPH loss due to the repressed pentose phosphate pathway could be compensated by TCA cycle in cases of ethanol and lactic acid. The expression of malic enzyme and isocitrate lyase are activated to a large extent when metabolizing ethanol, indicating glyoxylate shunt is essential in transferring ethanol to generate four carbon precursors for the biosynthesis and the NADP-dependent malic enzyme could also serve as compensation mechanism for NADPH loss in this case.
Carbon ; metabolism ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; methods ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Proteome ; analysis ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; analysis ; metabolism

Objective To observe the effect of T-2 toxin on growth and development of rat epiphyseal plate of left knee and metaphyseal bone of femur and tibia in normal and low nutritional status, to find out possible pathogenic factors of Kashin-Beck disease and provide experimental basis for early intervention. Methods Ninety 3-week-old Wistar rats, weighing 60 - 70 g, were randomly divided into three groups: control group(general feed), T-2 toxin + general feed group, T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group, thirty rats in each group with equally sex ratio. T-2 toxin (1.0 mg/kg) was administered orally 5 times a week via a gavage needle for 4 weeks. The change of hair, activity and body weight was observed. After 1, 2, 4 weeks, the epiphyseal plate of left knee and metaphyseal bone of femur and tibia (including distal femur and proximal tibia) were collected. Specimens were processed with HE and Masson staining. The morphology of chondrocytes and matrix collagen content in epiphyseal plate was observed. Trabecular bone volume fraction in tibial metaphyseal bone was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Results In the control group, rats were in good movement and hair with light, but in T-2 toxin + general feed group and T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group, rats were found with reduced activities and hair with dark color. Body weights(g) of the control group, the T-2 toxin + general feed group and the T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group were 81.0 ± 6.2, 79.0 ±5.1, 77.0 ± 7.5, respectively, by the end of first week; 101.8 ± 6.7, 97.0 ± 6.8, 93.0 ± 5.3, respectively, by the end of second week; 151.1 ± 15.7, 126.5 ± 11.9, 106.5 ± 11.5, respectively, by the end of fourth week. There was significant difference in groups by second week and the fourth week (F = 9.72, 41.65, all P ＜ 0.05 ). There was significant difference among multi-groups by the fourth week(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Under light microscope, at the second weeks, coagulative necrosis of chondrocytes was found in hypertrophic zone in the two groups with T-2 toxin; at the fourth weeks, cell necrosis increased. Masson staining showed collagen staining in the two groups with T-2 toxin significantly turned to clear pale coloration, indicating that the collagen matrix was significantly reduced. Image analysis showed there was significant difference in groups at the second and fourth week(F= 9.72, 41.65, all P＜ 0.05)in tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume fraction. There was significant difference between T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group[(0.55 ± 0.12)％, (0.21 ± 0.0)％] and control group[(0.67 ± 0.09)％, (0.51 ± 0.14)％] by the second and fourth week(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Under normal nutritional status, T-2 toxin can induce hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage necrosis, collagen content decreased in epiphyseal plate, metaphyseal trabecular bone formation disorders; in the low nutritional status, T-2 toxin can lead to rat epiphyseal necrosis and significant metaphyseal bone disorder, but whether the performance is related to Kaschin-Beck disease needs to be studied further.

Objective To investigate and analyze the burden and psychology of Acute Stroke patients' families to provide guidance for nursing intervene.Methods 60 Stroke patients' families at acute stage were assessed by questionnaires.The questionnaires include 3 parts,one part is basic data,one part is Qiu Qirun,Robinson and Guan Shengliang' physical,mental,and social burden questionnaire,the last part is Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Results The social burden score was higher than physical and mental burden score.83% families had anxiety.The families ' burden score was positively related to the anxiety score.Conclusions The nurses should pay much more concern to the Stroke patients' families at acute stage and help them ease up anxiety.

Objective To investigate the non-medication therapy for patients withhypertension,and to provide guidance to the further non-medication therapy program.Methods 86 hypertensive patients were interviewed by self-designed questionnaire and anxiety self-assess scale (SAS),and the data was analyzed by spss 13.0 software.Results The mean score was ( 10.42 ± 3.69) ; The mean BMI was (29.96 ± 3.91 ) kg/m2,among them there were 61 patients with BMI ＞ 24 kg/m2 (70.9％ ); Hypertensive patients with blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg have worse non-medication therapy ; The average score in women was ( 11.50 ± 2.60)and (9.71 ±4.13) in men,the difference has reach the statistical significance (t =-2.466,P ＜0.05).Age,educational level and disease duration were different in non-medication therapy ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Low-fat dietary and no-smoking and no-drinking in women were better than those in man (P ＜ 0.01 ).Low-salt and lowfat dietary and regular dietary,no-smoking,weight controlling and exercise in those more than 60 years were better than those younger (P ＜ 0.05 ).Weight controlling in those with higher education lever was better than those with lower education certification (P ＜0.05 ).Exercise in those with 10 years disease duration above was better than those less than 10 years (P＜0.05).Average score of anxiety was (35.62 ±7.24),and the range was from 20 to 55.Conclusions The status of non-medication therapy for patients with hypertension was not well.We should pay more attention to develop health care education to improve patients' consciousness of nonmedication therapy,and change unhealthy life style.

Objective To explore compliance of anti-platelet therapy of patients after coronary stent implantation and relative factors. Methods 75 patients after coronary stent implantation were investigated by APGAR and drug compliance evaluation scale. Results 44.0 ％ of patients (n =33) failed to take anti-platelet drugs exactly following the prescription, the main form is omitting to take anti-platelet drugs (28.0％). The total score of understanding about antiplatelet medication knowledge in 75 patients was (26.36 ± 2.85 ), they took not much knowledge about antiplatelet druys' side effects and adverse consequences. The median adherence score of compliamce of antiplatelet drugs was 15.61. Fully accounted for 56.0％. The main non-complicance behavior was missed 28.0％. Different time of stent placement, antiplatelet druy type, duration of patient understanding of medication and medication compliance in patients with family functioning were statistically significant differences ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) ; Medication compliance and stent placement time was negatively correlated (r =-0. 304,P ＜ 0. 01 ), and duration of antiplatelet drug use to understand the situation, family functioning was positively correlated (r =0. 259,0. 266 ; P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The rate of good compliance of antiplatelet therapy of patients after stent implantation is much lower. Nurses should emphasize the education about anti-platelet therapy and start family support system in order to improve the compliance of anti-platelet therapy.