Objective:To screen fine germplasm resources and suitable cultivated place for Paris polypyh lla var.yunnanensis by determining the content of total saponins , total flavonoids and total polysaccharides collected from Yunnan and Guizhou .Methods:An Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method was applied to determine the total contents of saponin , flavonoid and polysaccharide in 14 germplasm resources of Paris polyhp ylla var.yunnanensis.Results:The contents of saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharides in Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis collected from the different habitats were obviously different .The herb with high quality was selected from Xiaguan and Dali with the highest total content of saponins and the content of the three components was 55.760 0 and 61.632 0 mg· g-1 , respectively , which was significantly higher than that from the other habitats .Conclusion: It is proved that the quality of Pa ris polyphyll a var.yunnanensis produced in Dali of Yunnan is better than that from the other regions , and the high yield culture techniques should be studied further .

Objective To develop a sensitive and reliable RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of nine nucleosides including uracil, cytidine, guanine, uridine, adenine, guanosine, thymidine, adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine from Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li that had been cultivated in different producing areas; To compare the contents of these nucleosides from different producing areas. Methods The analysis was performed on a Venusil MP C18 (2) column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient of methanol-water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min;the detective wavelength was set at 260 nm; the column temperature was set at 35 ℃. Results Uracil, cytidine, guanine, uridine, adenine, guanosine, thymidine, adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine were obtained in the good linear range of 0.269 5–16.17 μg/mL, 0.132 1–7.927 5 μg/mL, 0.095 5–5.73 μg/mL, 1.16–69.6 μg/mL, 0.48–28.8 μg/mL, 0.571 5–57.15 μg/mL, 0.526–52.6 μg/mL, 3.307 5–198.45 μg/mL, 0.530 5–31.83 μg/mL, respectively (r≥0.999 5);the recovery was in the range of 96.49%–101.65%(RSD≤2.92%). Conclusion The contents of the nine nucleosides from different producing areas have differences. Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li from Xianyi Village, Chengkou County, Chongqing City, whether the cultivated ones or wild ones, contain the highest level of nucleosides. The established method can provide references for the perfection of quality standard for Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li.

Objective To establish an HPLC method to determine the content of diosgenin in Paridis Rhizoma; To examine contents of diosgenin in different varieties of Paridis Rhizoma medicinal plants and from different habitats. Methods Shimadzu Inertsil ODS-C18 guard column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was used in HPLC system; elution conditions were the mobile phase using 92% acetonitrile and 8% water (isocraticelution) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with 203 nm detection wavelength. The temperature of the column oven was maintained at 30℃.Results Different varieties of Paridis Rhizoma medicinal plants and Paridis Rhizoma medicinal plants from different habitats contained diosgenin. TheParis polyphylla var.pseudothibetica in Yubei district had the highest content (6.813 7 mg/g);Paris polyphylla var.stenophylla in Chengkou County had the middle content (5.758 4 mg/g);Paris yunnanensisFranch in Shizhu county showed the lowest content (1.952 2 mg/g). The results showed that the obvious difference of chemical quality between various cultivated varieties of Paridis Rhizoma medicinal plants, which might be related with origin, variety and the cultivation technology, and so on.Conclusion The diosgenin contents ofParis polyphylla var. pseudothibetica andParis polyphylla var.stenophylla were higher than that of varieties recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia.Paris polyphylla var.pseudothibetica andParis polyphylla var.stenophylla had important medical value.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of 9 different drying methods on total saponin content and antioxidant capacity ofParis polyphylla var.yunnanensis.Methods UV-VIS spectrophotometry was used for measuring the total saponin content ofP. polyphylla var.yunnanensis, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6)-sulphonic acid (ABTS+) radical scavenging methods were used for evaluating the antioxidant capacity ofP. polyphylla var. yunnanensisextracts.ResultsThe total saponin contents ofP. polyphylla var.yunnanensis dried by different methods existed significant difference. The sample dried at 35℃ showed highest total saponin content (17.557 mg/g). The sample dried in the shade naturally showed middle total saponin content (13.740 mg/g). Based on the results of antioxidant capacity detected by two methods, the samples ofP. polyphylla var. yunnanensis dried by 9 different methods all showed good antioxidant capacity and showed a certain concentration dependence.Conclusion The samples dried at 35℃ have the highest antioxidant capacity. Therefore, drying at 35℃ is a better drying method to obtain high quality and high activity ofP. polyphylla var.yunnanensis.

Objective To study the amount of rhizospheric microorganisms and soil enzyme activity influenced by Paridis Rhizoma in different locations and of different strains. Methods The amount of rhizospheric microorganisms, soil enzyme activity and their correlation were researched through field survey and collection of rhizospheric soil in Paridis Rhizoma cultivated in Three Gorges Reservoir Region and by microbial dilution plate culture method. Results The amount of rhizospheric microorganisms in Paridis Rhizoma from different habitats showed significant differences. The dominant species in soil microflora was bacteria; the second one was actinomycetes; the fewest one was fungus. The variation trend of the amount of rhizospheric microorganisms was not consistent with the variation trend of rhizospheric microorganisms diversity index. The activity of soil phosphatase, invertase and pepsin in Paridis Rhizoma from different habitats varied. The correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the soil enzyme activity and the amount of rhizospheric microorganisms existed. Conclusion Choosing the suitable strains and habitats of Paridis Rhizoma is beneficial to enhancing the amount of rhizospheric microorganisms and soil enzyme activity, which can create good micro-ecological environment for growth and cultivation of Paridis Rhizoma.

The paper is aimed to search more natural plant antioxidants and further research and develop new medicinal plant resources in Guizhou. The Guizhou special miao medicine "bod zangd dak" was extracted with 60% ethanol. The antioxidant activity of the different polarity components separated from the extract was tested by DPPH method with ascorbic acid as positive control. The results showed that the IC50 of the different polarity components was as following: ascorbic acid (0.033 4 g x L(-1)) < ethyl acetate components (0.052 3 g x L(-1)) < total tannins components (0.054 9 g x L(-1)) < 60% ethanol extraction components (0.076 7 g x L(-1)) < butanol extraction components (0.110 g x L(-1)) < water-soluble polysaccharides components (0.168 g x L(-1)) < water extraction components (0.174 g x L(-1)) < water components after extraction (0.226 g x L(-1)) < total polysaccharides components (0.645 g x L(-1)). It is concluded that the different polarity components have different free radical scavenging activity and that provides a scientific basis for further search of the active ingredients and the activive mechanism.
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; China ; ethnology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Free Radicals ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Picrates ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry

Building a better performance evaluation system for public hospitals is key to the ongoing health reform. To this end, Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals reformed the performance evaluation system of public hospitals in Beijing based on its experiences during 2012 to 2014. This reform integrates the target tasks,day-to-day performance,personalized performance,Party and people management performance,and mandatory plan performance as one evaluation integrity,forming a new public hospitals’performance evaluation system of multi-dimension and multi-level.This approach can effectively integrate diversified performance management objectives and overcome key difficulties in performance management,assisting further promotion of the approach,facilitating government objectives in managing the medical sector,promoting healthy development of hospitals,and exploring how to deepen the public hospital reform in terms of separating ownership from operations.

The role of public hospital performance evaluation has become a roadblock for the current reform of public hospitals.By summarizing the performance evaluation of Beijing municipal hospitals in recent three years,the authors systematically introduced the practice of Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals in establishing a public hospital performance evaluation mechanism.In addition,the paper introduced the achievements of the Administration in the evaluation methods of public hospital evaluation,governmental responsibilities in hospital governance,guidance of hospitals’orderly development,and positive interactions between the government and hospitals.This way the paper provided useful references for guiding the hospitals back to public service nature,positive interactions, refined management of hospitals and better performance management.

Objective Examination and evaluation of employee satisfaction index in the hospital performance evaluation.Methods Stratified sampling,field survey and telephone survey were used in customizing a questionnaire for two surveys in July and December 201 5 respectively.Results The standardized score of employee satisfaction was 86.252±1 5.1 53,and the lowest score was found in the canteen environment and food quality.Conclusion Employee satisfaction is found as good overall,and targeted measures are recommended to improve insufficiencies for better employee satisfaction.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of PKC signalling pathway and aldose reductase (AR) on the expression of fibronectin (FN) induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).

METHODSHuman mesangial cells (HMCs) were cultured and transfected with pcDNA3-AR, and subject to AR gene silencing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and then the cell was treated with recombinant human TGF-β1. The AR mRNA expression in the HMCs was examined using real time RT-PCR and protein expression of AR and FN was detected by Western blotting.

RESULTSThe cultured HMC treated with TGF-β1 showed increased expression of AR and FN, the normal HMC showed not reduced expression of FN after incubation with single inhibitors of AR.Pre-incubation of cells with inhibitors of AR and PKC, then the different groups of cells were treated with TGF-β1, and the induction effect on FN expression was suppressed (34%) in HMC. HMCs transfected with AR showed a strong protein expression of FN, which was increased by 3.6-fold after treatment with TGF-β1 (P < 0.05), and the induction effect on FN expression was suppressed by GÖ6983 (42%) in HMCs (P < 0.05). The HMC with AR gene knock-down by siRNA showed a decreased expression of AR and 90% decrease of FN protein in HMCs (P < 0.01), and TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of FN was significantly suppressed by siRNA (12%) in HMCs (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAR is capable of regulating FN expression only in the presence of TGF-β1, and this reaction is possibly accomplished through the activation of PKC signalling pathway.

Aldehyde Reductase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Benzothiazoles ; pharmacology ; Carbazoles ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Indoles ; Maleimides ; Mesangial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Phthalazines ; pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology ; Up-Regulation