The effects of betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene, on the cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells were investigated. The effects of BA on the growth of K562 cells were studied by MTT assay. Apoptosis was assayed through Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double-labeled cytometry. The effects of BA on the cell cycle of K562 cells were studied by a PI method. The expression of Bax and capase-3 was detected by using Western blot. The results showed that BA was cytotoxic to K562 cells with an IC(50) of 21.26 mug/mL at 24 h. After treating K562 cells with 10 mug/mL BA for 72 h, the number of cells was reduced by 58%. BA induced apoptosis of K562 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The proportion of cells in G(0)/G(1) and G(2)/M phases was decreased and that in S phase was increased after K562 cells were treated with BA for 24 h. BA treatment also increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3. It suggested that BA could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The antitumor effects of BA were related with up-regulation of the expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins. BA may qualify for the development of new therapies for leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Utilizing tissue engineering technique, various gel systems are served as scaffolds to repair bone defect. The scaffolds should have features of nontoxic and no teratological effects to the body. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of sodium alginate-gelatin/osteoblast gel on chromosomal pattern aberration in rabbits. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The in vivo material animal experiments were conducted at the Beijing Shijitan Hospital and Department of Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center from October 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 12 New Zealand rabbits, aged 2 months, with clean grade, were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group contains 4 female and 4 male rabbits, and the remaining 4 females were served as the control group. Sodium alginate dried powder were purchased from Sigma, USA, and the gelatin dried powder were supplied by Liidao Company, Hebei, China. METHODS: Following numbering, bone marrow was collected from 12 rabbits. Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated by the density gradient centrifugation, and then in vitro cultured with osteoblast inductor. Osteoblasts following passage were an order of magnitude of 10~7. Bright pink gelatiniform liquid with mass ratio of sodium alginate and gelatin at ratio of 2:3 was prepared. Rabbit osteoblasts with final concentration of 5×10~9/L were mixed with CaCb solution to form fruit jelly-shaped sodium alginate-gelatin/osteoblast gel. Critical-sized calvarial defects were created in diameter of 1.5 cm in 12 rabbits. After 1 week, cell/scaffold complex (0.5 mL) was implanted to repair the bone defect in the experimental group. There was no treatment in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The change of chromosomal pattern was observed at 3 months following reparation. RESULTS: No Chromosome somatotype aberration was found in 100 metaphases in the experimental group. From 400 metaphases of the control group, 4 abnormal cells were found, with 1% chromatid-type aberration ratio. Meantime, 12 abnormal cells in 800 metaphases of the control group were found, with 1.5% chromatid-type aberration ratio. The numerical value was within the normal range. Chromosome karyotype analysis: the chromosome number of each experimental rabbit was 2n=44, karyotype of the control rabbit was 44, XX, which was normal female; or 44, XY, normal male, no abnormal was found. The female rabbit in the experiment group was 44, XX, no abnormal was seen. CONCLUSION: From the cytogenetoxicity point of view, sodium alginate-gelatin/osteoblast gel is safe in repairing bone defects.

Objective To explore the effect of the self-made pelvic bag on patients with unstable pelvic fracture.Methods Toally 24 patients with unstable pelvic fracture from January 2013 to June 2014 were set as control group and used conventional nursing.Toally 30 patients from July 2014 to December 2015 were set as observation group.The self-made pelvic bag was used in the observation group for pelvic fixation and suspension traction.The degree of pain was compared between the pre-and post-use of the bag.Result The pains after using pelvic bag in the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.001).Conclusions The self-made pelvic bag can be effective for the pelvic fixation and suspension for the patients with pelvic traction.At the same time it can relieve the pain.

Objective To investigate the surgery opportunity choice of congenital esotropia.Methods A retrospective research was taken using the clinical data and the results of the treatment of 146 inpatients with congenital esotropia in our department from Mar 2012 to Mar 2015.The correction rate,lackingcorrection rate,and over-correction rate were compared between early surgery group and late surgery group on time of 1 week after surgery and 6 months after surgery,respectively.Results In all the 146 patients,88 (60.3％) had an esotropia deviation greater than or equal to 40 pupil distance (PD),38 (26.0％) combined with amblyopia,12 (8.2％) combined with nystagmus,30 (20.5％) combined with inferior oblique muscle overaction,6 (4.1％) combined with dissociated vertical divergence (DVD).There was no significant difference between early surgery group and late surgery group on correction rate,lacking-correction rate,and over-correction rate on the time of 1 week after surgery and 6 months after surgery,respectively.Conclusions Congenital strabismus should take surgery at the early-stage,especially for those have large angles.It is better to be operated before 2-year old for a better formation and recovery of binocular visual function.

Objective To study the EEG discharge index, intelligence test and event-related potential P300 in BECT, and to analyze the change of EEG discharge index and cognitive function before and after the treatment.Methods Sixty patients with BECT were enrolled in this study, they were treated with EEG, intelligence tests and P300 before and after the treatment.Results (1) The EEG discharge index were reduced remarkly after treatment in BECT with levetiracetam and lamotrigine, the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Comparing before and after 3 or 6 months treatment, the latency of P300 had reduced with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).(3) After 3 months treatment, VIQ and FIQ has no obvious improvement, but PIQ has improved.After 6 months treatment, VIQ、 PIQ and FIQ were improved.The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).(4) There was a negative correlation of EEG P300 latency (r =0.175), as well as there was a negative correlation between EEG discharge index and intelligence test (r =0.044).Conclusion There is impaired cognitive function in BECT, especially the more frequently the EEG discharge, the more extended of P300 latency, as well as the more serious damage of intelligence and cognition after treatment.The intelligence were improved after treatment with Levetiracetam and lamotrigine, the longer the treatment time, the more obvious of intelligence levels improve.

prognosis of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). Methods A total of 130 patients with AUGIB in our hospital were enrolled in this study from August 2014 to August 2016 . Three kinds of scoring systems including Rockall, Blatchford and AIMS65 were used to evaluate the risk classification of the patients. Patients were followed up for 2 months. The incidence rates of re-bleeding and death within 2 months after admission were observed. Data of prognosis in patients with AUGIB were compared between the three scoring systems in the prognosis of patients with AUGIB, including the risk classification and the prediction accuracy of re-bleeding and death. Results There were no significant differences in the re-bleeding rate and fatality rate between the groups divided by Rockall and Blatchford scoring systems ( P>0.05). According to the grouping results of AIMS65 scoring system, the re-bleeding rate of low-risk group was lower than that in high risk group (1.45%vs. 13.11%, P=0.01), but there was no significant difference in fatality rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The values of area under the curve (AUC) of predicting re-bleeding rates by using Rockall, Blatchford and AIMS65 scoring systems were 0.6258, 0.6910, and 0.7241, and the values of AUC of predicting fatality rates were 0.7031, 0.7969, and 0.7031 by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. There were no significant differences between them (P>0.05). The values of AUC of predicting re-bleeding rates by using the risk grading calculation by Rockall, Blatchford and AIMS65 scoring systems were 0.6189, 0.6139 and 0.7254 (P>0.05). But the values of AUC of predicting fatality rates were 0.6211, 0.6641 and 0.7695 (P<0.01). Conclusion The operation method of AIMS65 scoring system is simple and convenient, which is applicable to a wide range of patients with AUGIB. In the prediction of re-bleeding and mortality, AIMS65 scoring system has high accuracy and stability, which is worthy of promoting in clinical application.

Abstract: Objective　To understand the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in clinical blood culture specimens in Ningxia in recent years, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of bloodstream infection diseases. 　　　Methods　The blood culture isolation bacteria and drug resistance of Ningxia bacterial resistance monitoring network hospitals from 2018 to 2020 were statistically analyzed by WHONET5.6 software. Results　In the past three years, a total of 6 757 strains of bacteria were isolated from blood samples, including 3 697 strains (54.7%) of gram-negative bacteria and 3 060 (45.3%) of gram-positive bacteria. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (2 074 strains,30.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (696 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (139 strains), and Acinetobacter baumannii (121 strains). Among the gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (1 691 strains,25.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (442 strains), Streptococcus spp. (431 strains), Enterococcus spp. (379 strains). Resistance to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 56.6% and 22.6% against third-generation cephalosporins, and resistance to carbapenems was 1.0% and 3.7%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to carbapenems at 9.0%（12/139） and 80.7%（71/121）. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected at 26.8%, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected at 70%, and no Staphylococcus bacteria resistant to vancomycin and linezolid were found. For three years, only 1 strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was detected, and no linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were detected. Conclusions　Ningxia clinical blood specimen isolates of Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are more common. Among them, the resistance rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to the third generation of cephalosporins is relatively stable, and the resistance rate to carbapenems is low. Acinetobacter baumannii is highly resistant to carbapenems, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection rates are on the rise and should be closely monitored.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Moricizine ; therapeutic use ; Tachycardia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on the levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with grade I primary hypertension due to excessive retention of dampness-heat,and discuss the relationship between inflammatory factors and the change of blood pressure.Method Sixty patients with grade I primary hypertension due to excessive retention of dampness-heat were randomized into a treatment group and a control group,30 cases each.The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture with points selected based on syndrome differentiation,and the control group was treated with acupuncture at non-meridian points,for 18 sessions in total.The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure,and serum hs-CRP and IL-6 levels were compared before and after the treatment.Result After the treatment,the 24-hour systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly changed in the treatment group (P＜ 0.01).There were significant differences in comparing the 24-hour SBP and DBP between the two groups after the treatment (P＜0.05).The serum hs-CRP and IL-6 levels dropped after the treatment in both groups but without statistical significances (P＞0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture is an effective approach in treating primary hypertension due to excessive retention of dampness-heat,and its action mechanism may be associated with the decrease of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 levels.

Fermentation for Eicosapentaenoic Acid(EPA) production by Nitzschia laevis at various temperature between 10℃ and 30℃ was investigated and the dynamics characteristics during fermentation process were also analyzed.Based on the results,a varying temperature nursing method of two stage control strategy is proposed:During the first stage,which comprises the delay phase and the initial index phase,the temperature is maintained at 25℃;then the temperature is shifted to 20℃ and kept up till the end of the fermentation process.By this method,a EPA content of 6.0% and a yield of 291.60 mg/L have been gained.These are 24.07% and 18.81% higher than that of fixed temperature(25℃) fermentation,respectively.